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简单句句子成分都由单词或短语担任，且只有一个主谓结构的句子叫做简单句。初中阶段我们需要重点掌握简单句的六种基本句型及其主要用法。一、S + V（主语不及物动词）这种句型简称为主谓结构。不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：Why dont you come at once when I call you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？【练习导航】. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 他在听。 He _ _.2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _ _ last night?3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。 The rain _ _ two hours.4. 事物总是变化的。 Things always _.5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。 His dream to China _ _ _. 单项选择( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. Youd better _.A. waitB. waitingC. waitedD. to wait( )7. It _ outside. I have to stay at home.A. rain B. is rainingC. rained D. has rained( )8. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes, I did. My uncle _ in the match. A. is playingB. was playingC. has playedD. will play( )9. What did your father say just now?Sorry, I dont know. I _ on the phone.A. am talkingB. talkC. was talkingD. have talked( )10. You _ first and I _ behind.A. go; was followingB. will go; followC. will go; followedD. go; will follow二、S + V + P（主语系动词表语）系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如：All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。【练习导航】翻译下面的汉语句子。1. 他感到有点累。_2. 这听起来是个好主意。_3. 海伦在家吗？_4. 我的电脑在书房里。_5. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。_6. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。_7. 问题是你想干什么。_8. 他总是乐于助人。_9. 这盘菜闻起来不错。_10. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。_三、S + V + O（主语及物动词宾语）及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：Hes having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。【练习导航】. 找出下列句子的宾语。1. He handed in his homework this morning._2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. _3. He forgot which way to go. _4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? _5. Ill do what I can. _. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。6. 你认识这些人吗？Do you _ _ _?7. 今天早上他完成了报告。He _ _ _ this morning.8. 现在我来自我介绍一下。Now Ill _ _.9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。He has decided _ _ _ Beijing.10. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。I dont remember _ the accident _.四、S + V + IO + DO（主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语）有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语【练习导航】. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。1. She gave me her telephone number. _2. Bring me some water, please. _3. Ill make you some fresh tea. _4. He sang us a folk song. _5. She showed me her paintings. _. 将下列句子改为同义句。6. Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom _ a nice pen _ me.7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.8. She cooked us a delicious meal. She _ a delicious meal _ us.9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. Tim _ his nice T-shirt _ me.10. She made me a cup of coffee. She _ a cup of coffee _ me.【温馨提示】某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？Can you lend your car to us?某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。My uncle bought a watch for me.五、S + V + O + OC（主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语）有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing形式等充当。如：Please dont call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做一些练习题。【练习导航】. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。1. They call their daughter Mary. _2. Dont leave me behind. _3. I wish you to be happy. _4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. _5. Good food keeps you healthy. _. 翻译下面的汉语句子。6. 他们请我和他们一道去。_7. 我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。_8. 你认为这部电影精彩吗？_9. 你建议我做什么？_10. 你注意到他进来了吗？_六、there be句型 there be句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词的选用需要遵循“就近原则”。如： There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。【练习导航】. 单项选择( ) 1. There _ ice on the road last week.A. wasB. wereC. will beD. are( ) 2. There _ a football match on the playground this afternoon.A. will have B. is going to haveC. is haveD. is going to be( ) 3. There _ to be something wrong with him.A. is B. wasC. seemsD. are( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _?A. wont it B. wont there C. isnt itD. arent there( ) 5. There _ more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month.A. was B. wereC. have been D. are. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。6. 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。_ _ a boy _ with a dog in the yard.7. 以前在街道拐角处有一家商店。_ _ _ _ a shop on the corner of the street.8. 可能会有一个更好的办法来做这件事。_ _ _ a better way to do this.9. 没有空气就没有声音._ _ _ sound without air.10. 没有时间再等你了。_ _ no time _ _ _ you.Key：一、. 1. is listening 2. sleep well3. lasted for 4. change 5. has come true. 6-10 ABBCD二、 1. He feels a little tired. 2. It sounds a good idea.3. Is Helen in?4. My computer is in the study.5. His dream is to become a doctor.6. My favorite sport is swimming.7. The question is what you want to do.8. He is always ready to help others.9. The dish smells good.10. The girl is my sister.三、. 1. his homework 2. yourself 3. which way to go4. waiting 5. what I can. 6. know these people 7. finished his report8. introduce myself 9. to move to 10. when; happened四、. 1. her telephone number 2. some water3. some fresh tea 4. a folk song 5. her paintings. 6. gave; to 7. bought; for 8. cooked; for 9. showed; to 10. made; for五、.1. Mary 2. behind 3. to be happy4. chatting with Nancy 5. healthy . 6. They asked me to go with them.7. I saw her talking with Jane just now.8. Do you think the movie wonderful?9. What do you advise me to do? 10. Did you notice him come in?六、. 1-5 ADCBC. 6. There is; playing7. There used to be 8. There might be 9. There is no 10. There is; to wait for
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