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第36课 阅读理解解题策略方法 中考英语阅读理解题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评价能力等。试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都有所积累，做个有心人。体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格（要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势）等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确度高、阅读速度快。一、阅读理解题主要考查方面1. 文章的个别词或句子，可以给出生词让学生猜意，对此类题目学生应尽量在阅读材料中找定义或相应的解释。2. 文章的某细节或情节。3. 文章的主题。4. 文章的背景知识。5. 文章的结论或结局。6. 文章内含的隐义或寓意。二、阅读理解题的主要题型1. 具体信息这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。2. 语义理解题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。3. 逻辑推理这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。4. 归纳概括要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（main idea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。5. 词义判断要求根据上下文判断短文中单词或短语的意思。三、阅读理解题采取的策略与方法在阅读过程中要重视培养自我阅读能力，根据不同的阅读目的和要求，采取不同的阅读方法和策略。提高阅读能力所常用的阅读技巧主要有扫读、略读、细读等。1. 扫读：是一种快速阅读，主要在于对文章信息的精确定位，锁定重要信息，如找出人物、时间、地点、数字等。2. 略读：也是一种快速阅读，目的是读取文章的主旨大意。与扫读不同的是，略读是跳跃式的，略掉一些内容不读，取出短文中的关键性内容。3. 细读：细读是完全阅读，目的包括：（1）确定中心思想及标题；（2）了解用以阐述中心思想的事实及细节；（3）对作者的暗示或隐含思想进行判断、推理、引申；（4）根据上下文推测词义。4. 扩大视距：要以意群为单位，注重对整句话的理解，扩大注视空间。5. 带问题阅读：先浏览短文后面的题目，做到心中有数，带着目的去阅读，以提高阅读实效。6. 根据上下文猜测词义：遇到生词，要根据上下文线索和暗示、上下文的联系、常识和经验推断或猜测词义。7. 阅读标题：文章的标题往往是文章主题的高度概括，能给读者以启发和想象。8. 阅读首尾两段和每一段的首句（主题句），了解大意：抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。也有些文章没有主题句，需要考生自己归纳。当堂检测A（xx仙居中考模拟）Come to get books at a great price and support a charity.*Youre welcome to give away books for all ages.*Buy used books（including some best-sellers） as follows.Absolutely Almost by Lisa Graff, the US $2.99（used）Albie has always been an “almost”. Hes almost good at sports. Hes almost smart enough to pass his spelling test. He almost makes his parents proud. In fact, Albie has a long list of the things hes not very good at. However, things begin to change when Albie gets a new babysitter, Calista. What will happen to this “almost” boy? This One Summer by Jillian Tamaki&Mariko Tamki, Canada $5.83（used）Every summer, Rose goes with her mum and dad to a lake house in Awago Beach. Roses friend Windy is always there, too. But this summer is different. Roses mum and dad keep fighting. Rose and Windy want to run away from it, but they find themselves with a whole new set of problems. Its really a summer of sadness and growing up.The Fourteenth Goldfish by Jennifer L. Holm, the US $1.06（used）Eleven-year-old Ellie has never liked changes. She misses the fifth grade. She misses her old best friend. She even misses her dearly dead goldfish. Then one day a strange boy shows up. He looks a lot like Ellies grandfather, a scientist whos always been crazy about immortality（永生）. Could this strange boy really be Ellies grandpa? Has he finally found the secret to immortality with Ellie?（ ）1. The three best-sellers above_ .A. are sold at the same priceB. are all second-hand booksC. were all written by American writersD. will be given away to teenagers（ ）2. We can infer（推断） from This One Summer that_ .A. Rose stays at home every summerB. Rose is looking forward to growing upC. Rose cannot meet her friend this summerD. the relationship between Roses parents goes bad（ ）3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the introductions of the three books?A. Albie begins to change when he gets a new babysitter.B. For Rose, its a summer of happiness and growing up.C. Ellie is a girl who likes changing everything in her life.D. All the three books have something to do with the main characters parents.B（杭州市上城区中考模拟）We all know what its like to get a phone call in the middle of the night. That nights call was no different.“Hello?” My heart beat hard.“Mama?” the voice answered. My thoughts immediately went to my daughter.“Mama, Ive been drinking. I nearly ran off the road a few miles back. All I could think of was whether it would hurt you if a policeman came to your door and said Id been killed. I want to come home. I know running away was wrong. I know youve been worried. I should have called you days ago but I was afraid.”My senses were clear then, “I think.”“No!Please let me finish!” she cried hopelessly. Before I could go on, she continued. “Are you still there? Please dont hang up on me!I need you.”“Im here, I wouldnt hang up,” I said.“I know I should have told you. But, when we talk, you just keep telling me what I should do. You dont listen to me. You never let me tell you how I feel. Because youre my mother, and you think you have all the answers. But sometimes I dont need answers. I just want someone to listen.”“Im listening,” I answered quietly.“I called a taxi. Im coming home, Mama.” There was a click, and the phone went silent.Tears forming in my eyes, I walked into my 16-year-old daughters room. I wiped the tears.“We have to learn to listen,” I said to my husband.He studied me for a second, and then asked, “Do you think shell ever know she got the wrong number?”I looked at our sleeping daughter, and then back at him. “Maybe it wasnt such a wrong number.”（ ）1. From the phone call we know that the girl .A. had a fight with her mother beforeB. wanted to go home but lost her wayC. drank too much and drove too fastD. ran away from her home days ago（ ）2. If it is a short play, there will be_characters appearing on the stage.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five（ ）3. The relationship between the girl and the writer is_ .A. relativesB. strangersC. friendsD. neighbors（ ）4. At the end of the story, the writer felt .A. thankfulB. excitedC. worriedD. painful（ ）5. We can guess that in the future the writer will_ .A. look after her daughter betterB. be a good listener to her daughterC. talk to her daughter more oftenD. never be angry with her daughter参考答案当堂检测A：13. BDAB：13. DCB4. A 【解析】这个电话让作者从此学会倾听，所以作者对此充满感谢。5. B
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