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十一、非谓语动词,考点1 动词不定式的用法【中考体验】(2017天水中考)Well do what we can_the sick man. A. to helpB. helpC. helpsD. helped,【解析】选A。考查不定式的用法。句意: 我们将会尽我们所能帮助这名生病的男子。此处为动词不定式作目的状语, to help意为“来帮助”。故选A。,(2017广东中考)For more than once, our head teacher asks us_the habit of keeping a diary. A. developB. developsC. developingD. to develop【解析】选D。考查不定式的用法。ask sb. to do sth. “要求某人做某事”, 故选D。,(2017天津中考)We only planned_the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours. A. watchB. watchesC. to watchD. watched,【解析】选C。考查不定式的用法。句意: 我们仅计划观看1个小时的戏剧, 但最后, 我们在那儿待了三个小时。表示“计划做某事”应用plan to do sth. 。故选C。,(2017益阳中考)Its necessary for you_the classroom clean, class. A. keepB. keepingC. to keep【解析】选C。考查不定式的用法。句意: 同学们, 对你们来说保持教室的整洁是很有必要的。Its + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 意为“对于某人来说做某事是的”。故选C。,【知识归纳】动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语, 我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。,【巧学妙记】不定式的用法口诀不定式, 本领强, 六种成分都能当。动词特点它具备, 就是不能充当谓。否定形式不一般, to前只把not添。疑问词加上它, 构成短语作用大。,【易错警示】不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not。如: My mother decided not to buy a computer for me. 我妈妈决定不给我买计算机了。不定式可以和疑问词who, which, what, when, how, where(why除外)等连用, 构成不定式短语, 在句子中作主语、宾语或表语等。如:,How to get there is not decided yet. 怎样去那里还没有定下来。Can you tell me what to say at the meeting? 你能告诉我在会上说些什么吗?,常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词有want, agree, decide等。为了便于记忆, 请记住下面的顺口溜: 要想拒绝忘记(want, refuse, forget), 需要努力学懂(need, try, learn), 喜欢同意帮助(like, agree, help), 希望决定开始(hope, wish, decide, begin, start)。,I want to visit the Great Wall with my parents tomorrow. 明天我想和父母一起参观长城。,一些使役动词和感官动词可用不定式作宾语补足语, 这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有: 一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice), 半帮助(help)。但在变为被动语态时, 要加上to。试比较: The boss made them work the whole night. (主动语态)They were made to work the whole night by the boss. (被动语态),考点2 动名词的用法【中考体验】(2017白银中考)I look forward_you soon. A. seeB. seeingC. to seeD. to seeing,【解析】选D。考查固定搭配。句意: 我希望尽快见到你。look forward to期待; 盼望。其中to是介词, 后面接名词或动词的-ing形式。故选D。,(2017鄂州中考)Jack hasnt taken his piano lessons for a long time. He is considering_his piano course and spending more time on his study. A. to dropB. to throwC. droppingD. throwing,【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意: 杰克很久没有上钢琴课了。他正在考虑_钢琴课, 花更多时间在学懂上。根据上文“杰克很久没有上钢琴课了”和下文“花更多时间在学懂上”可知, 他正考虑放弃钢琴课。放弃应该用drop, 相当于give up。consider如果直接跟动词作宾语, 后面的动词一定要用动名词形式。故选C。,(2017眉山中考)Bob, Im not good at English. What should I do? Why not_an English club to practice_English? A. to join; speakingB. join; to speakC. to join; to speakD. join; speaking,【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词的用法。句意: 鲍勃, 我不擅长英语, 我该怎么办呢? 为什么不参加一个英语俱乐部练习一下英语口语呢? 由Why not +do sth. ? 可知, 后接join; 而practice doing sth. “练习做某事”为固定用法。故选D。,(2016南京中考)Have you read the book Jane Eyre? Yes. Its a famous book and really worth_. A. to readB. readingC. to be readD. read,【解析】选B。考查固定短语的用法。句意: 你读过简爱这本书吗? 读过。它是一本著名的书, 确实值得_。be worth doing sth. 固定短语, 意为“值得做某事”。故选B。,【知识归纳】,【巧学妙记】后只接动名词的动词喜欢(enjoy)一直(keep)提建议(suggest/advise)期待(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(cant help)还介意(mind)忙碌(be busy),考点3 动词后跟不定式与动名词的区别【中考体验】(2017湘潭中考)Sometimes you have to stop_too much and just go where your heart takes you. A. thinkB. to thinkC. thinking,【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词的用法。句意: 有时候你不要想太多, 一切随心就好。stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事”, 而stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做另一件事”。故选C。,(2016黔东南州中考)I remember_to Beijing when I was a child. A. to takeB. takingC. to be takenD. being taken,【解析】选D。考查不定式。句意: 我记得小的时候被带着去过北京。remember doing sth. “记得做了某事”, 由句意可知空白处表示被动, 故选D。,【知识归纳】某些动词后接不定式和动名词, 意义有别。(1)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(另一件事)stop doing sth. 停止做某事(2)forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(没做)forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做),(3)remember to do sth. 记着去做某事(没做)remember doing sth. 记着做过某事(已做)(4)go on to do sth. (做完一件事后)继续做另一件事go on doing sth. 继续做(同)一件事(5)try to do sth. 设法或努力去做某事try doing sth. 尝试着做某事,(6)like/hate +to do sth. 喜欢/讨厌做某事(强调这一次的动作)like/hate +doing sth. 喜欢/讨厌做某事(泛指某项活动),考点4 分词的用法【中考体验】(2017兰州中考)A nurse_Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother_away. A. naming; isB. naming; will beC. named; isD. named; will be,【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词和动词的时态。a nurse named Carolyn“一个名字叫Carolyn的护士”, 过去分词作后置定语; 在时间状语从句中, 用一般现在时表示将来。故选C。,(2016齐齐哈尔中考)We feel like_some food and drink because well invite some friends _in a party. A. buying; to joinB. to buy; joiningC. buying; join,【解析】选A。feel like doing sth. 想做某事; invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。句意: 我们想买一些食物和饮料因为我们将会邀请一些朋友来参加聚会。故选A。,(2016内江中考)Bad Luck. The film star had her leg_while playing a part in the film. A. to breakB. breakingC. breakD. broken,【解析】选D。句意: 真不幸! 这个电影明星在演这部电影时弄断了腿。“have + sth. (宾语)+过去分词(宾语补足语)”意为“使某事被”。宾语sth. 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语, 说明sth. 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。故选D。,【知识归纳】,【易错警示】现在分词与过去分词的区别在语态上, 现在分词表示主动意义, 过去分词表示被动意义。试比较: the surprising news令人惊讶的消息a surprised man一个受惊吓的人,在时间上, 现在分词表示正在进行的动作, 过去分词表示已经完成的动作。试比较: the developing country发展中国家the developed country发达国家,现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别我们常见的动词如: see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have等, 它们接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语, 表示已经完成了或将要去做。接现在分词作宾语补足语, 表示动作正在进行着。试比较:,I heard him singing in the classroom. 我听到他在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom. 我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束),
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