情态动词用法总结.ppt

情态动词用法,情态动词的语法特征,2)情态动词不能单独做谓语,后面只能接动词原形，oughtto和haveto除外，。,3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,但有些情态动词,如can、will、haveto、may等有过去式。,1）情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。,1)Someofuscanusethecomputernow,butwecouldntlastyear.2)Canshebeinthecomputercenter?3)Ithoughwhathesaidcouldnotbetrue.4)Can/CouldIuseyourdictionary?5)Couldyoulendmeahand?,1.表能力,意为“能，能够”，can指现在，could指过去。,3.表示“请求”“允许”(表请求时，口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can),2.表示推测，意为“可能”“或许”，用于疑问句或否定句，cant和couldnt意为“不可能”。,1.can与could,4.can用于疑问句或否定句中时，表惊异、不相信等，意思是“可能、能够”。,6)Howcanyoubelievesuchaliarlikehim?,5.cant/couldnthavedone表示对过去情况的否定推测,意为“过去不可能做过某事”,7)Susancanthavewrittenareportlikethis.8)Shecanthavegonetoschool,itisSunday.,6.can/couldhavedone表对过去的推测，意为“过去可能做了某事”。couldhavedone还可以表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，意为“本能够做某事可事实上未做”,9）Itsapity.Yourclasscouldhavegotthefirstprize.10）WherecanMaryhavegone?,can表示“能够”时与短语beableto同义，但can只用于一般现在时或过去时，而后者可用于各种时态。另外，can表示个人有某种能力，而beableto表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事，相当于succeedindoingsth.；,can/beableto,Michael_beapoliceman,forhesmuchtooshort.A.needntB.cantC.shouldD.may2.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How_itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must3.-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?You_withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayedMysistermethimattheGrandTheateryesterdayafternoon,sohe_yourlecture.A.couldnthaveattendedB.neednthaveattendedC.mustnthaveattendedD.shouldnthaveattended,B,A,A,A,5.Theressomeoneoutside.Who_itbe?A.canB.needC.mayD.must6.-IsJackondutytoday?-It_behim.Itshisturntomorrow.A.mustntB.wontC.cantD.neednt7.Itisusuallywarminmyhometown,butit_berathercoldsometimes.A.canB.needC.dareD.must8.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryone_getaway.A.wereabletoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.could,A,C,A,C,2.may与might,1.表示“许可”或“请求”，有“可以”的意思，口语中常用might代may,表示委婉语气。否定回答时用“mustnot”表“禁止，阻止”，不用“maynot”.“maynot”表示“可能不”。,Eg:1)-MayIwatchTVaftersupper?-Yes,youmay./No,youmustnt.2)TodayisSunday.Shemaynotinherofficenow.,2.表示可能性。意为“或许，可能”might比may可能性小。,Eg:1)Thegirlmightbesleepingthistimeofday.2)Theymaybeinthelibrarynow.,4.may/mightaswell+动词原形“还是的好”“不妨干某事”,Eg:Youmayaswellgoandhavealook.,3.may/mighthavedone表示对过去发生过的事情的推测，意为“可能已经做过某事”,Eg:Icantfindmysunglasses.Imay/mighthavelefttheminyouroffice.,1.SorryImlate.I_haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will2.Peter_comewithustonight,butheisntverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will,A,B,3.will与would,1.用于第二人称的疑问句中，表“请求、建议”等，用would比用will委婉，客气些,Eg:1)Willyoulendmeyourbook?2)Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?,2.用于表示意志或意愿，意为“会，愿意”。will指现在，而would指过去。用于否定句中，表示“不会、不肯、不乐意”。,Eg:1)Iwontdothatagain.2)Theysaidthattheywouldhelpus.3)NomatterwhatIsaid,hewontlistentome.,3.表示习惯性动作。译作“总是、惯于”，will指现在常常，would指过去常常。,Eg:1)Thismanisstrange.Hewillsitforhourswithoutsayinganything.2)Marywillkeepaskingsomesillyquestions.3)Everyevening,shewouldsitbywindow,deepinthought.4)WewouldsitaroundGrandpaaftersupper,listeningtohisstories.,Ifyou_waithereforanother5minutes,ourmanagerwillcomeback.A.shouldB.willC.needD.must2.Whenhewasthere,he_gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might,B,A,4.should与oughtto,1.oughtto比should语气更重。两者都用于表劝告、建议。意为”应该、应当”。但在疑问句中常用should。oughtto的否定式为oughtntto或oughtnotto。,Eg:Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.Yououghttotakecareofthebaby.ShouldIopenthewindow?Whatshouldwedonext?,2.两者都可表示推测，表示很大的可能性。意为“可能、按理该”,Eg:1)Its7oclock,heshouldbeathome.2)Theyshouldhavearrivedbynow.,3.oughtto/shouldhavedone本应该干某事可事实未干oughtntto/shouldnthavedone本不该干某事可事实却干了,Eg:Youshouldhaveinvitedmetothepartyyesterday.Youareright.IShouldhavethoughtofthat.Youshouldnthaveeatenallthecakesinoneday.,4.Should可以用来表示说话人的惊奇等情感，意为“竟然，居然”,Eg:1)ItssurprisingthatMaryshouldlovesuchaperson.2)Itsunbelievablethattheboyshouldsingsuchabeautifulsong.,1.Youcantimaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_besorudetoalady.A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must2.-WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.-They_bereadyby12:00A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need3.We_lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.oughttohavestudiedD.wouldstudy,B,B,c,5.shall,1.Shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。,Eg:1)Shallwebeginourdiscussion?2)ShallIchangetheclothesforthechild?3)ShallTomgotherewithmetomorrow?4)Henryiswaitingoutside.Shallhecomein?,2.Shall用于二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人的允诺、警告、命令、威胁等语气。,Eg:1)Youshallgetananswerfrommetomorrow.2)Heshallbepunished.3)Youshallgowithme.4)TellJerrythatheshallgetagiftifhebehaveswell.,ChairmanZhang,manypeoplewanttoseeyou._theywaithereoroutside?A.shallB.canC.shouldD.may2.You_usemybikeifyoucanreturnittomebeforeIleavehere.A.shouldB.shallC.needD.must3.You_bepunishedifyoubreaktherule.A.shallB.shouldC.needD.must,A,B,A,must/haveto/need,1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt或donthaveto，意为“不必”。mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”,MustIfinishallhomeworkatatime?,Yes,youmust.No,youneednt/donthaveto.,IdontlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Motherwasout,soIhadtolookaftertheshop.,2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。,Youmustbethenewteacher.Hemustbejoking.Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveallgonehome.,3.must表示对某人某事的肯定猜测,作“准是”,“一定”,用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用musthavedone，意为过去一定已经做过某事。,Whymustyoualwaysinterruptme?Ifyoumustsmoke,doitoutside,pleaseWhymustitrainonSunday?,4.must表示与说话人愿望相反，翻译成“偏要，硬要，非要”,5.注意对need问句的回答:-NeedIfinishtheworktoday?-Yes,_.No,_.No,_.,youmust,youneednt,youdonthaveto,-Mustwedoitnow?-No,you_.,neednt(donthaveto),【考例】Thebosshasgiveneveryoneaspecialholiday,sowe_gotoworktomorrow.(上海2007春)A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.shouldnt【点拨】考查情态动词。根据题意,可知这里表示“没有必要”,故只能选C项。,【考例】Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?You_doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.A.donthavetoB.oughtnttoC.mustntD.cant【点拨】根据题意“除了和他们呆在一起做你自己外,没有必要做任何事情。”可知这里选择donthaveto表示“不必”。故选A项。,【考例】-JanehasjustcomebackfromChinaandshelookshappy.-She_hertripverymuch.mustenjoyB.musthaveenjoyedC.mayenjoyDshouldhaveenjoyed,【考例】You_returnthebooknow,youcankeepituntilnextweekifyoulike.cantB.mustntC.needntD.maynot,【考例】WhereisDad,Mary?He_theflowersinthegarden.mustwaterB.mustbewateringC.MusthavewateredD.watered,【考例】-Whatsthematterwiththemanhanginghisheadthere?-Well.Ifyou_know,hewascaughtstealingmybike.mustB.mayC.canD.shall,情态动词表推测用法小结,情态动词+havedone这是历年高考热点之一，可表示“推测、责备、怀疑”等多种意义。,一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计,1.musthavedone“过去肯定已经做了某事”eg:Thegroundisratherwet,soitmusthaverainedlastnight.2.may/mighthavedone“可能/大概已经做了某事”eg:Tommayhavegonetoshanghai,butIstillnotsureaboutit.3.cant/couldnthavedone“不可能已经做了某事”eg:Thegroundisverydry,soitcanthaverainedlastnight注：在疑问句中can/could表示对过去情况的疑问性推测，“可能已经了吗？”eg:Someonemusthavebrokenintoourbedroom,Whocouldhavedoneit?,二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备,1.should/oughttohavedone“过去本应该做而没做”eg:IreallyregrettedwastingthehourswhenIshouldhavestudiedhard,butitwastoolate.2.shouldnt/oughtnttohavedone“过去本不应该做的事却做了”eg:ImverysorryforthewordsIshouldnthavesaidtoyouatthatmoment.3.could/mighthavedone“本来能够做的事却没做”eg:Hecouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.,4.neednthavedone“原本不必做的事却做了”eg:Yourhomeisnotfarfromyourschool,soyouneednthaveleftinsuchahurry.,5.Wouldliketohavedone“本打算做某事但没做成”eg:Iwouldliketohavecometovisityou,butIhadtolookaftermysickmotherathome.,