初中英语语法之连词.ppt

连词(Conjunction),连词(Conjunction),一、连词定义:用来连接词、短语或句子的词。e.g.IstudyEnglishandChinese.Doesheworkatschoolorinthehospital?Igetupearly,butmybrothergetsuplate.,三、用法1.并列连词-连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的有：(1)表并列关系的and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor，aswellas（也，和）等。(2)表选择关系的or,eitheror等。(3)表转折关系的but,however等。(4)表因果关系的for,so等。,考点一：1）判断改错：Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.Theystartedtodanceandsang.Isawtwomensittingbehindandatethere.,F,F,F,eating,sing,talked,and(“和，并且”)与or(“否则”),“and”连接平行结构。,（1）肯定句中用“and”表“和”；（2）否定句中用“or”表“和”。,2）翻译：我喜欢英语和数学。我不喜欢英语和数学。,IlikeEnglish_math.,IdontlikeEnglish_math.,and,or,=Studyhard,_yourmathwillbeworse.,3）用“and”或“or”填空：Studyhard,_yourmathwillbebetter.,and,or,“and”意为“这样，那么”；“or”意为“否则”。,1.Whichdoyoulikebetter,apples,_pears?A.andB.butC.or2.Nowwehavenotime_money.A.soB.andC.or,or:1.用于疑问句,表选择2.用于否定句,表并列（肯定句用and）,3.Christine,Aileen_(和)Iaregoodfriends.Studyhard,_(否则)youllfallbehind.4.Areyoucomingbybus_(或者)onfoot?,and,or,or,1.Itsgettingwarmer_warmer.A.andB.butC.or2.Heorthetwins_theUSA.A.comesfromB.comefromC.isfrom4.NotTombutI_goingtogivethetalk.A.amB.isC.are,adj.比+and+adj.比表示越来越,AorB和notAbutB结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用就近原则。,and,or,but,so特殊用法,表转折的连词but和however：e.g.(他努力工作，但以失败告终。)Heworkedhard,_hefailedatlast.Heworkedhard._,hefailedatlast.区别:but后没有逗号，直接连接分句；however后有逗号相隔，可放句末。,but,However,考点二：,观察句子：（1）Althoughheisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.改为：Althoughheisoversixty,heworksashardasothers.或Heisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.（2）“BecauseJohnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.”,*although/though和but这两个关联词不能同时用。,?,同样，此句错误，because和so等关联词都不能同时使用。,考点三：,eitherAorB“或者A或者B”neitherAnorB“既不A也不B”notonlyAbutalsoB“不仅A而且B”,-连词词组：,EitheryouorI_goingtotheparty.(或者你或者我将去晚会。)NeitherInorhe_seenthemovie.（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）Notonlyyoubutalsohe_French.（不但你而且他也讲法语。）,【连接主语时，谓语“就近原则”】,am,has,speaks,考点四,2.从属连词-用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoonas等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if,unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because,as,since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的sothat,inorderthat等。(5)引导让步状语从句的though,although,evenif等。(6)引导结果状语从句的sothat,sothat,suchthat等。(7)引导比较状语从句的than,asas等。(8)引导宾语从句的that,if,whether等。,三者均可译为“在时候”。when引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，when引导的从句的动作才发生；while引导的从句中，动词只能是延续性的，一般来说，当while引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；若主从句动作同时发生，且强调“一边一边”这样的意思，一般用as。WhenIcameintotheroom,Ifoundhimlyingthereasleep.Shesangasshewalked.她一边走一边唱歌。注意：while可以表示对比关系“然而”。Heisshortwhilehisbrotheristall.,when，while，as,连词用法比较,Mr.Whitewastakingashower_theUFOlandedonthestreet.A.whereB.whileC.whenD.whether,C,WhileMr.Whitewastakingashower，theUFOlandedonthestreet.,考点一,“when”和“while”,when引导的状语从句的动作多为终止性动词，也为可持续动词；但while只能是可持续动词。,考点二,我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。,Myfather_comebackuntilwehadsupper.,notuntil/till直到才till直到为止,翻译：他直到3岁才会讲话。,He_getupuntilhismotherwakeshimup.,didnt,他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。,He_speakuntilhewas3.,couldnt,doesnt,1)sothat中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词而such.that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：ImsotiredthatIcantwalkanyfarther.Itwassuchawarmdaythathewentswimming.2)如果在名词之前有many,much,little,few时，用so,不用such。例如：Hehassolittleeducationthatheisunabletogetajob.,sothat,such.that,连词用法比较,HetooktheMP3playerwithhim_hecouldenjoymusicduringthetrip.A.becauseB.sothatC.when,B,考点三,他起早是为了赶上早班车。(表目的),Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.,Hegotupearlysothathecaughttheearlybus.,他起早，结果赶上了早班车。（表结果）,Hegotupsoearlythathecaughttheearlybus.,sothat,sothat：为了；所以，结果,如此以致,if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾语从句是一般可互换。例如：Iwonderwhether(if)youstillstudyinthatschool.在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：.在不定式前。例如：Ihaventmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot.与or(not)连用时。例如：Idontnowwhetherhecomesornot.从句作介词宾语时只用whether不用if。Itdependsonwhetheritwillbefine.那得看是不是晴天。.作discuss等动词的宾语时，用whether不用if。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.我们讨论是不是该关掉商店,if,whether,连词用法比较,连接条件状语从句：,1、Youllbelate_(如果)youdontgetupearlytomorrow.2、Illcometoseeyou_(如果)ImfreenextSaturday.3、Wellhaveapicnictomorrow_(如果)itdoesntraintomorrow.,*注意状语从句的时态：“主将从现”。,if,if,if,连词练习,连接时间状语从句,Iwascleaningthefloor_(当的时候)sheknockedatthedoor.Dickclimbedupintoatree_(一就)hesawthebear.Iknewnothingaboutit_(直到才)myfriendtoldmeyesterday.IhaventheardfromBill_(自从)wegraduatedfrommiddleschool.,when,assoonas,until,since,连接原因、结果状语从句,YoushouldreturnthedigitalcameratoSally_shewillnotbeangry.A.sothatB.becauseC.before2.Hewashurt_badly_hehadtoseeadoctor.A.tootoB.sothatC.sothat3.Hetookoffhiscoat_itwastoohotintheroom.A.AndB.sinceC.but4.Solomissedthebus_hewaslateforschool.A.becauseB.soC.or,连接让步状语从句,Tomisstilldoinghishomework_itisverylate.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.if2.Ineverseemtoputonanyweight,_hardItry.A.thoughB.nomatterhow3.IenjoylearningEnglish,_ittakesmealotoftime.A.unlessB.althoughC.because4.IwillnevergiveuplearningEnglish_(即使)itisdifficult.,eventhough,1.Illtellyourfatherthetruthassoonashe_here.A.arrivesB.arrivedC.arrivesat2.Wedontknowifhe_usforthepicnic.Illcallyouifhe_.A.joins;comesB.willjoin;comesC.willjoin;willcome3.Nobodyknowswhenthewindows_.ButIlltellyouwhenI_theanswer.A.broke;findoutB.broken;willfindoutC.werebroken;findout,连词用法练习,4.Youwontunderstanduntilyou_him.A.meetB.meetingC.willmeet5.YouwillfailinEnglish_youworkhard.A.becauseB.unlessC.if6.Justbecauseweareyoung,_weshouldworkevenharder.A.soB./C.but7.Ithasbeensevenyearssincehe_here.A.leftB.leavesC.leave,连词用法练习,8.Thelittleboy_whenIcamein.A.fallsdownB.felldownC.wasfelldown9.Wewerereadingwhentheteacher_in.A.cameB.comesC.iscoming10.Hebecameadoctorwhenhe_theuniversity.A.graduatedfromB.graduatefromC.graduatedfor,11.Tomworksinahospital_Maryworksinacompany.A.becauseB.untilC.while12.Whilehismotherwaswashing,he_hishomework.A.doB.didC.wasdoing13.Thelittleboyfellalseepwhilehe_themusic.A.waslistenB.waslisteningtoC.listenedto,表示对比，“然而，而”,while表示“当的时候”。两个动词同时发生。必须使用延续性动词。,14.Hurryup,_youwillmissthetrain.A.andB.soC.howeverD.or15.Themountainwas_steep(陡峭的）_fewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop.A.soasB.sothatC.asasD.tooto,连词用法练习,FunnyHusband(H)&Wife(W)aboutShopping,情境对话：,H：“Whatarewegoingtodo,mydear？”W:“Goshopping.”H：“Wecandonothing_shopping.”W：“Infact,_you_Ilikeshopping.”H:“Whymustyoudothethings_youdontlike?”W:“_myskirtsareoutofstyle,_Iwanttobuyanewone.”W:（Intheclothingshop.）Idontknow_theyfit(适合)me.”H:“Idontknow_youreallylike.Justgoinsideandtrythemon.”H：（对seller笑笑）“Canyoutalktomeforafewminutes？”S：Why?H：Because_mywifesees(that)Iamtalkingtootherladies,shewillbeangryatonceandleave.S：“Thenwhydoyoulethergo?”H：“Iwanttoleave_Iwontpayforthem.”,根据对话内容，填入适当连词。,except/but,neithernor,that,Because,或so,if,what/which,if/when/assoonas,and/sothat,Homework：,Goovertheusageofconjunctions.2.Finishtherelatedexercises.,