初中英语非谓语动词.ppt

中考英语语法,第十八讲非谓语动词,第一部分：什么是非谓语动词？,非谓语动词:在句中不单独作谓语的动词叫非谓语动词。例:Helikestoreadthenovel.例：Heenjoyedtravelingaroundworld.例：JohnmadeTomgowithhim.解析：英语的单句中，可能有两个动词，动词2根据动词1的而变化。而我们看到的动词2，及(todo,doing,done等形式，就是非谓语动词）,单句中的动词1与动词2，动词1是谓语，有各种时态、语态、语气的变化动词2根据动词1而变化例:HewantedtodothatIamenjoyingseeingthefilmLetusgo!,非谓语动词的种类,1.不定式todo有还没有做的含义.2.动名词doing表示抽象的名词意义3.现在分词doing表示主动或进行的意义.4.过去分词done表示被动或完成的意义.,第二部分：特殊的动词搭配,第二部分：特殊的动词搭配,六类常考特殊动词,v.todo,Vving,只加不带to,todo,doing意思相同,绝大部分动词是此形式,详见第9篇,Let/makesbdo,begin/start/like,todo,doing意思不同,do或doing,详见10-17篇,see,watch,observe,notice等详见18篇,只加ving的词,Avoid避免;consider考虑;delay拖延;deny否认;dislike不喜欢;enjoy欣赏;excuse原谅;fancy幻想;forgive原谅;finish完成;imagine设想;keep保持;mind介意;pardon原谅;prevent阻止;practise练习;resist坚持;risk冒险;suggest建议;understand理解-,动名词与不定式语义不同,stoptodoforgettodoremembertodoregrettodoceasetodotrytodogoontodoBeafraidtodomeantodo,stopdoingforgetdoingrememberdoingregretdoingceasedoingtrydoinggoondoingBeafraiddoingmeandoing,1)stopdoing/todostoptodo停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事。Theystoptosmokeacigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。Imuststopsmoking.我必须戒烟了。典型例题Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stopdoingsth.不正确。,2)forgetdoing/todoforgettodo忘记要去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing忘记做过某事。(已做)Thelightintheofficeisstilon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)典型例题-Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh，Iforgot_.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案：C。由thelightisstillon可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。,3)rememberdoing/todoremembertodo记得去做某事(未做)rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.记着放学后去趟邮局。Dontyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?,4)regretdoing/todoregrettodo对要做的事遗憾。(未做)regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。IdontregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。典型例题-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone答案：D。regrethavingdonesth.对已发生的事感到遗憾。regrettodosth.对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。,5)ceasedoing/todoceasetodo长时间，甚至永远停做某事。ceasedoing短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。Thatdepartmenthasceasedtoexistforever.那个部门已不复存在。Thegirlsceasedchattingforamomentwhentheirteacherpassedby.姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。6)trydoing/todotrytodo努力，企图做某事。trydoing试验，试着做某事。Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。Itriedgardeningbutdidntsucceed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。,7)goondoing/todogoontodo做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。goondoing继续做原来做的事。Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。8)beafraiddoing/todobeafraidtodo不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为怕；beafraidofdoing担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing是客观上造成的，意为“生怕，恐怕”。Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。Shewasafraidtowakeherhusband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。,9)meantodoing/todomeantodo打算、想meandoing意味着Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.赠加工资意味着增加购买力。,感官动词+doing/todo感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调我见他正干活这个动作）典型例题1）Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用seesbdosth的句型。2）Themissingboywaslastseen_neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay答案A.本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用seesb.doingsth句型。,第三部分：动词不定式与to词组,动词+todo,动词+疑问词+todo,动词+it(形式宾语）+宾补+todo,常见动词有agree,decide,fail,hope,wish,want,plan，learn,wouldlike,cantwait(迫不及待)cantafford（负担不起）等,Idontknowwhattodo.Canyoutellmehowtogetthere?Icantdecidewhichtochoose.,IfinditimportanttolearnEnglish.Ithinkitnecessarytodrinkthewater.,用法：,作宾语,一些省略to的句型,（1）Whynot+动词原形（2）Whydontyou+动词原形（3）Youdbetter+动词原形（4）Youdbetternot+动词原形（5)Willyouplease+动词原形（6）Willyoupleasenot+动词原形（7）sbdonothingbut（只是，只不过）例:Theydidnnothingbutcomplain,常见固定搭配,1.tootodoThedeskistooheavytocarry.,2.be+adj+enoughtodoTheroomisbigenoughfor10peopletolivein.,3.Itstimetodosth或Itstimeforsbtodosth.Itstimetohavearest.,4.Ittakessbsometimetodosth.Ittakesmethreedaystofinishthejob.,5.be+adj（glad.sorry.sure.happy.afraid等表情感的形容词后）+todosth.(1)Imsorrytotroubleyou.,介词+doing,lookforwardtodoingsth.（盼望）payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）beusedtodoingsth.（习惯于）preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜欢）devotetodoingsth（致力于）makeacontributiontodoing（做贡献）,第四部分：现在分词与过去分词,分词分为现在分词和过去分词。,分词,4,区别：,现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：,Themanstandingbythewindowsisourteacher.站在门边的人是我们的老师。,Thehousebuiltlastyearhasbecomeourlab.去年建的房子已成了我们的实验室。,1,现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。如：,fallingleaves正在飘落的树叶,fallenleaves落叶（已落下）,developingcountry发展中国家,developedcountry发达国家,.用括号中动词的适当形式填空_(fish)ismyfavouritesport.Ioften_(fish)forhourswithout_(catch)anything.Butthisdoesntworryme.Someofthefishermen_(be)unlucky.Insteadof_(catch)fish,theycatcholdshoes.Iamevenlesslucky.Inevercatchanythingnotevenoldshoes.After_(spend)wholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag,“Youmustgiveup_(fish)!”Myfriendssay.“Itsawasteoftime.”Buttheydontknowoneimportantthing.Imnotreallyinterestedin_(fish).Imonlyinterestedin_(sit)inaboatand_(do)nothingatall.,课时训练,Fishing,fish,catching,are,catching,spending,fishing,fishing,sitting,doing,主语：常置于句末，而用it代替其做形式主语。例：Togoinforsportshelpsyoustayfit.Ithelpsyoustayfittogoinforsports.Itisdangeroustoswiminthedeepseaonyourown.注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出，逻辑主语由of引出时，表语的形容词为kind，nice，good，polite，clever，foolish，right，wrong等表示性格品质评价的形容词。例：Itsrightofhimtorefusetheinvitation.(him为逻辑主语)点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，除了直接作主语外，常放在：Itisadj（形容词）todosth或Itisn（名词）todosth句型中，it仅作形式主语。,返回,动词宾语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。例：wouldyouliketoseemyphotos?Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle类似用法的词还有：start，want，agree，hope，begin，decideagree，love，like，hate，prefer等。Ifounditverydifficulttogetajob.(it为形式宾语)点击规律：这些动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思区别不大提示板：likedoing指经常性动作，而liketodo指一次性的动作。Ilikeswimming，butIdontliketoswimnow我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。,stop，forget，remember，goon，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。提示板：1）stoptodosth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。stopdoingsth：停止正在做的事。例句：Whentheteachercamein，thestudentsstoppedtalking；当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；whenhecameout，thestudentsstoppedtotalk当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。,2）思考：forget，remember，goon，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？点击规律：在findfeelitadjtodosth句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：ThemandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleepIfeeliteasytorecitethetext点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上页的stop例句。,返回,表语放在连系动词be后面例句：HiswishistobecomeascientistOurdutyistoprotecttheenviroment.Thefirstimportantthingistosavethesoldierslives当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。,返回,定语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。例：Heisthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.IhavealotofworktodoThedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，且动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：IhaveasmallbedroomtoliveinHaveyougotsomepenstowritewith？,返回,作状语a目的状语：放在go，come，use，live，inorder等词后面.如：IcometoseeyouHerunsfastinordertogetthereintimeTheybroughtinphotosoftheirfamiliesformetolookatb原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised，disappointed，excited等词后面。（有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明，作形容词补足语）如：IamgladtoseeyouhereIamsorrytotroubleyouc作结果状语。如：SomeoftheapplesarehardtoreachTheroomislargeenoughtohold1000people,返回,宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例：IaskedafriendtoreadittomeItellhimnottogotherebybusEdisonsmothertaughthimtoreadandwrite(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see，watch，hear，feel，make，let，have，observe，notice，help等)后不带to的不定式作宾补。如：Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursadayIheardhersinginthenextroom提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。如：Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybythebossShewasheardtosinginthenextroom,返回,“疑问词不定式”用法不定式前可带what，who，which，where，when，how,whose，等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例：Hedidnttellmewheretogo.(直宾)Idontknowwhattosaynow.(宾语)Idontknowwhattodonext（宾语）Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer（宾语补足语）Itsstillaquestionhowtogetthere（主语）在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”例：Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.,返回,根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1Itstimeforus_（have）supper2Wouldyoulike_（go）shoppingwithme？3Ittookushalfanhour_（work）outtheproblem4Heisoldenough_（join）thearmy5Ifeelstrange_（have）atwinsister6Iamveryglad_（meet）youhere7Theyprefer_（stay）athomeratherthangoout8Wesawthem_（come）intotheroomjustnow9Whathesaidmademe_（feel）sorry10IamsorryIforgot_（tell）youthenews11Hisplanis_（spend）afewdaysinthemountains12Haveyougotanything_（say）？13Haveyoudecidedwhichone_（choose）？14Doyouknowwhen_（start）？15Heistooweak_（carry）thebigstone,togo主语,togo宾语,towork主语,tojoin结果状语,tohave形容词补足语(原),tomeet形容词补足语(原),tostay宾语,tocome宾补,tofeel宾补,totell宾语,tospend表语,tosay定语,tochoose定语,tostart不定式短语作宾语,tocarry结果状语,