语法填空题答题技巧指导课件.ppt

,高考题型:,语法填空,三种考察类型：,1.纯空格试题,2.给出了动词的试题,3.词类转换题,从语法填空题的设置来看，至少应当包括以下3个特点一、考查语法。每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。例1InGreece,womenhadlittlefreedom.Wealthywomenhardlylefttheirhouses,butthey_(allow)toattendweddingsandsomefestivals.,解析：因allow与they在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用beallowed；由had,left可知be是一般过去式；主语是复数they，be的过去式是were，答案是wereallowed。点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。例2The_whyIwassadwasthathedidntunderstandme.解析：因为why引导的定语从句，前面的先行词一定是reason。点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词，但实际上是考查定语从句。,Thisstrategysuggeststhatteachershaveconversationswithstudentstolearnabout_.,1.缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词（多考代词）,Suddenlythewallmoved-_wasmadeoftrees!,it,them,With,_thehelpofthemaphemade,hegotavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthediseaseandwasabletoannouncethatthewaterwastoblame.,2.名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词,Intheearlystagesofparenting,thepositiveaspectsofhavingchildrenareovershadowedbynegativeexperiences,_alackofsleep,concernsaboutthechildswell-being,orfinancialproblems.,like,and,Eachwinnerreceivesagoldmedal,adiploma,_asumofmoney.,3.若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词,Writedowneverythingyoueat_drinkinagivenday.,and,Teacherssometimesspendmuchtimetalkingaboutstudentstotheirparents_littletimeactuallytalkingtostudentsthemselves.,JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrect_heneededevidence.,but,but,their,Onceayear,peoplewinthisprizefor_workinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literature,economics,orworldpeace.,4.名词前是空格，若该名词前无限定词，则很可能是填限定词，即冠词，形容词性物主代词，名词所有格，基数词，序数词,量词或some,any,other(s),another等；,5.若两句（一个主谓关系算一个句子）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连接词,Itsalsoagoodideatotakenotesofemotionsrelatedto_youeat.,Thiswasverystrange_theearthwasthecentreofthesolarsystemandallplanetswentroundit.,what,if,Teachersshouldtakeadvantageofthemanymethods_canhelpthemlearnabouttheirstudents.,ThenhereturnedtoRussiatoworkwithhisfatherandmother,_workedonexplosiveweapons.,Manypeoplesaidhewasabadperson_heinventeddestructiveweapons.,Which/that,who,because,6.若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词（do,does,did）,Totheircredit,thefourcountries_worktogetherinsomeareas.,TheybelievedGodhadmadetheworldandforthatreasontheearthwasspecialand_bethecentreofthesolarsystem.,do,must,二、考虑语境。既然采用短文的形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了。也就是说，考生要填出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。,例4Severalchangeshavebroughtwildanimalstothe.Foremost,airandwaterqualityinmanycitieshaveimprovedasaresultofthe1970spollutioncontrolefforts解析：在冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句可确定要填cities。点评：本题若只根据设空句本身，而不阅读并理解下文，是不可能填出正确答案的。,三、适当提示。但是若涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化的空格.例7Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_(reach)arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.解析：reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作状语，故填reaching。,例8Itwouldbe_(believe)thatsuchanhonestfellowshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends!解析：因为在系动词be后作表语，要用believe的形容词形式believable；由句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信!”可知，还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀un，答案为unbelievable。,1.给出了动词的试题,首先，要确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句中没有别的谓语动词，所给动词就是谓语动词。若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用Ving形式、Ved形式，还是用不定式形式（todo），确定方法如下：,Ving形式表主动，进行或介词后Ved形式表被动，完成Todo形式表主动，将来，也作目的状语、结果状语及形容词后的状语,Hegotinterestedintwotheories_(explain)howcholerakilledpeople.,Nobellefthisfortune_(create)theNobelPrize.,Hewasmostfamousfor_(build)weaponsofwar.,Myeyes_(draw)toapackagethathadapictureofafridgeonit.,explaining,tocreate,building,weredrawn,JohnSnow,awell-knowndoctorinLondon,become_(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeoplewho_(expose)tocholera.,Hisparentscompany,_(call)“FutureTours”,_(transport)mesafelyintothefutureinatimecapsule.,_(worry)aboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.,inspired,wereexposed,called,transported,Worried,2.词类转换题,作表语，定语或补语，通常用形容词形式,Ihelpedhimknowhecouldbe_(help)toothers.,Thestudentsstudytheeffectsof_(environment)realities.,helpful,environmental,作主语、及物动词或介词后宾语，用名词形式,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncewith_(certain).,certainty,在冠词、形容词性物主代词后，或“冠词+形容词”后，用名词形式,OnDecember10,theanniversaryofthe_(die)ofNobel,Recognizingwhatyourbadeatinghabitsareisofgreat_(important)incorrectingthebehavior.,Thisgavehima_(value)clueaboutthecauseofthedisease.,death,importance,valuable,修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式,_(sad)thelibraryhadmovedfromitsoriginalplaceintoanotherbuilding.,Bybendingorpressingdowninyourseat,youcanmove_(swift).,Sadly,swiftly,有可能是词义转换题，词类不用变，主要是考察具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-，im-等，在词根后加-less等,Alsothemorechildrenyoungcoupleshave,the_(happy)theybecome.,Yourmistakecausedalotof_(necessary)workintheoffice.,unhappier,unnecessary,备考策略,1不断记忆，积累词汇。2夯实基础，学好语法。3大声朗读，培养语感。4坚持不懈，多做练习。,Letshaveatry:2010年高考题(广东省),Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.1waterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder2hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman3(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled4(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthome5ahappyheart.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet6studenttastethewater.Hespititout,7(say)itwasawful.Apparently,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike8?Theteacherreplied,Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe9(sweet).Weunderstandthislessonbest10wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whetheritisacheappipeoradiamondnecklace,theproperresponseisappreciation.Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething.,Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.1waterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder2hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman3(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled4(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthome5ahappyheart.,The,Who/that,presented,warmly,with,Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet6studenttastethewater.Hespititout,7(say)itwasawful.Apparently,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike8?,Theteacherreplied,Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe9(sweet).,another,saying,It/that,sweeter,Weunderstandthislessonbest10wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whetheritisacheappipeoradiamondnecklace,theproperresponseisappreciation.Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething.,when,Successahead!,Thankyou!,