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Unit24-27TheUseofEnglishIntonation(II),Unit24EmphaticIntonation强调句的音调(P.132-),Pleasereadthefollowingsentencesaloud:TheyflewtoLondon.TheyflewtoLondon.TheyflewtoLondon.TheyflewtoLondon.Note:thestressedsyllableoftheimportantword(=keyword,orcontentword)thefallingtune,Someconcepts:,Intonationunit音调单位:itusuallycorrespondstoasensegroup(orwordgroup).(e.g.Oh,/doyouknowone?-Great!Letsgo.)ElementsinanintonationunitThepre-head调冠:anyunstressedsyllableorsyllablesthatmayprecedethehead-orthenucleus,ifthereisnoheadThehead调头:thepartofanintonationunitthatextendsfromthefirststressedsyllableuptothenucleusThenucleus调核:thestressedsyllableofthelastcontentwordinanintonationunitThetail调尾:anysyllableorsyllablesthatmayfollowthenucleus,WeareLEARNingaFOReignLANGuage.PHNTP=Pre-headH=HeadN=NucleusT=TailTherefore,thenucleus调核isnormallythestressedsyllableofthelastcontentwordinasentence,suchas“LANG”intheabove-mentionedsentence.调核通常是句子中最后一个关键词（实词）的重读音节。Thenucleusisthesyllablethatcarriesthetunepatternofthesentence,i.e.thefall,theriseorthefall-rise.调核是产生升降调的地方。Butinordertoemphasizeaword,wecanshiftthenucleustothestressedsyllableofthewordwewanttoemphasize.调核可以根据强调信息的需要发生移位。,TheyflewtoLondon.(simplestatement.Thenucleusisonthelaststressedsyllableoftheintonationunit,whichisthenormalwayofthesentencespokeninEnglish.)TheyflewtoLondon.(Thenucleusisonthepreposition:to,whichisusuallyunstressed.Thespeakerwantstohighlightthedirection:TheyflewtoLondon,notfromLondon.)TheyflewtoLondon.(Thenucleusisontheverb:flew.Thespeakerwantstohighlighthowtheytravelled:TheyflewtoLondon,notdrovetoLondon.)TheyflewtoLondon.(Thenucleusisonthepersonalpronoun:they,whichisusuallyunstressed.Thespeakerwantstohighlightwhodidthis:They,notyouorwe,flewtoLondon.)Examplesandexercises:p.133-135.,EmphaticIntonation,Unit25TheIntonationofReportingPhrases报导语的音调(p.136-),Thedefinitionofreportingphrases:phrasessuchas“heasked”and“saidtheother”.1.Reportingphrases+quotedspeechrisingorleveltune.(e.g.Shewas%calling,“Haveyoufinished?”)2.Quotedspeech+ReportingphrasesQuotedspeech(ifwithafallingtune)reportingphrases(remainsonalowlevel)(e.g.“Youcantcome,”he%said%angrily.)Quotedspeech(ifwithafalling-risingtuneorrisingtune)reportingphrases(risingtune)(e.g.“Areyouinahurry?”sheasked.)Moreexamplesandexercises:P.136-139,Unit26TheIntonationofEnumerationsandVocatives列举事物(点数)与呼语的音调(p.141-),Enumeration:listingorcountingthings.itemsinaseriesoftenhavearisingorlevelintonation,andthelastitemhasafallingtone.(e.g.One,two,three,four,five.)or(One,two,three,four,five.)Vocative:awordoranounphraseusedwhenaddressingsomeone.1.Ifthenamebeginstheutterancetherisingtuneismorefriendlyandpolite(e.g.John,bequick.),butthefallingtuneisseriousandemphasizingsomethingimportant(e.g.John,bequick.).Alevelintonationisalsosometimesheard(e.g.John,bequick.).2.Ifthenamecomesattheendoftheutteranceoftenunstressed.(e.g.Someonesatthedoor,%Carol.)3.Sometimesthevocativeisonarisingtuneafterafall.(e.g.Goodafternoon,everybody.)Moreexamplesandexercises:P.142-145,Unit27TheIntonationofExclamations,Apologies,GreetingsandLeave-takings惊叹，道歉，见面和告别的句子语调（p.146-）,Somethingnotveryexcitingrisingtune.(e.g.Thankyou.)Exclamationsfallingtune.(e.g.Goodheavens!)Apologiesmorepolitetousefalling-risingtune.(e.g.Sorry.)Greetingsrisingorfallingtune.(e.g.Goodmorning.)or(Goodmorning.)Sayinggoodbyerisingtune.(e.g.Goodbye.)Moreexamplesandexercises:P.146-150.,Summary：TheuseofEnglishintonation,Thefallingtone-indicatingdefinitenessandcompleteness.Typesofsentences:Completeanddefinitestatements(e.g.Theplaywasveryinteresting.)WHquestions(orspecialquestions)(e.g.Whyareyousolate?)Imperativesentences(strongcommands)(e.g.Dontbeastupididiot!)Exclamations(e.g.Goodheavens!),ExamplesandExercisesWH-questions(orspecialquestions)-Whatwouldyoulike?-Idlikeachicken-saladsandwich.-Whatwillyouhave?-Illhaveahotdogandacoke.-Whereareyougoing?-Tothelab.-Whattimeisit?-Itsaquarterpastfour.-Wheresyourlabbook?-Ilostit.-Wheredidyouleaveit?-Idontremember.,Therisingtune-indicatinguncertainty,incompletenessorpoliteness.Typesofsentences:Yes-noquestions(orgeneralquestions)(e.g.Havetheygone?)Incompletestatements(e.g.Whenhecame,Iaskedhimtowait.)Statementsintendedtobesoothingorencouraging(e.g.Ishantbelong.=Illcomebacksoon)Statementsintendedasquestions(e.g.Youlikeit?)Questionsshowingmuchinterest(e.g.Howsyourdaughter?)Repetitionquestions(e.g.Iarrivedattenoclock.When?),ExamplesandExercisesYes/noquestionsandresponsesAreyoucominglater?IfIcan.MayIhelpyou?Yes,Illhaveahotdog.Isitcoldoutside?Itsverycold.ShallIwaitforyou?No,yougoahead.Didhebringhismoney?No,heforgotit.,1.IsGloriacomingtonight?Imnotsure.2.Isthereanythingspecial?Itsalargeparty.3.Isitsomebodysbirthday?Itshouse-warming.4.Willweneedtobringsomething?Abottleofwinewilldo.5.Doweneedabigcake?Thatwouldbegreat.6.Arewegoingtoplaysomelightmusic?Ofcourse.,Thefalling-risingtune-showingcontrast,implication,disagree-ment,contradiction,orwarning,etc.Typesofsentences:Pleadingrequest.(e.g.Pleaseshutthewindow!)Apologies(e.g.Sorry.)Statementswiththefirstpartmoreimportantthanthesecondpart(e.g.Ieatsteak,whenIcangetit.)Statementswhicharecorrectionsofwhatsomeoneelsehassaid(e.g.Hesforty-five.Forty-six.)Statementswhichimplyreservation(e.g.-DoyouknowGerman?-Icanreadit.)Statementswhichshowdisagreementorcontradiction(e.g.-Everyoneknowsaboutit.-Well,noteveryone.)StatementswherecontrastisimpliedWarnings,ExamplesandExercises:-DoyouknowGerman?-Icanreadit.-Everyoneknowsaboutit.-Well,noteveryone.-Wegotthereaboutmidnight.-Ithinkitwasearlierthanthat.-Nobodywantstobuythem.-Nobodycanaffordtobuythem.-Areyousurehescomingtonight?-Hesaidso.,1.ShallwegonextMonday?IhavetofinishmyreportonMonday.2.WhatdoyouthinkofTuesday?WerehavingapartyonTuesday.3.WillWednesdaybeOK?IhavehomeworktodoonWednesday.4.LetsmakeitThursdaythen?IhaveaneveningclassonTuesday.,
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