英语四级考试作文冲刺点拨.ppt

英语四级考试作文冲刺点拨,写作的“七项基本原则”：一、长短句原则写一个短小精辟的句子，可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题Asacreature,Ieat;asaman,Iread.Althoughoneactionistomeettheprimaryneedofmybodyandtheotheristosatisfytheintellectualneedofmind,theyareinawayquitesimilar.如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。,二、主题句原则国有其君，家有其主，一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！特别提示：隐藏主题句可是要冒险的！Tobeginwith,youmustworkhardatyourlessonsandbefullypreparedbeforetheexam（主题句）.Withoutsufficientpreparation,youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthequestionscorrectly.,三、一二三原则考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。1）first,second,third,last（不推荐，原因：俗）2）firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally（不推荐，原因：俗）3）thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast（不推荐,原因：俗）4）inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）5）tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally（强烈推荐）6）tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally（强烈推荐）7）firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast（强烈推荐）8）mostimportantofall,moreover,finally9）ontheonehand,ontheotherhand（适用于两点的情况）10）foronething,foranotherthing（适用于两点的情况）建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！,四、短语优先原则写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：Icannotbearit.可以用短语表达：Icannotputupwithit.Iwantit.可以用短语表达：Iamlookingforwardtoit.这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。,五、多实少虚原则原因很简单，比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warmhearted之类的形象词。再比如：走出房间，general的词是：walkoutoftheroom但是小偷走出房间应该说：小姐走出房间应该说：小孩走出房间应该说：老人走出房间应该说：所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！,slipoutoftheroom,sailoutoftheroom,danceoutoftheroom,staggeroutoftheroom,六、多变句式原则1）加法（串联）都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and,但最好是前后的句子有先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：Ienjoymusicandheisfondofplayingguitar.如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：Notonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.其它的短语可以用：besides,furthermore,likewise,moreover,2）转折（拐弯抹角）Thecarwasquiteold,yetitwasinexcellentcondition.Thecoatwasthin,butitwaswarm.更多的短语：despitethat,still,notwithstanding,however,nevertheless,inspiteof,despite,3）因果（so,so,so）讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！Thesnowbegantofall,sowewenthome.更多短语：then,therefore,consequently,accordingly,hence,asaresult,forthisreason,sothat,4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：ThisiswhatIcando.Whetherhecangowithusornotisnotsure.同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：whentogo,whyhegoesaway5）附加那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。Themanwhomyoumetyesterdayisafriendofmine.Idontenjoythatbookyouarereading.MrZhang,ouroralEnglishteacher,iseasygoing.其实很简单，同位语要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whomorthat关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前,6）排比（排山倒海句）文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！Whetheryourtastesaremodernortraditional,sophisticatedorsimple,thereisplentyinLondonforyou.Nowadays,energycanbeobtainedthroughvarioussourcessuchasoil,coal,naturalgas,solarheat,thewindandoceantides.Wehavegottostudyhard,toenlargeourscopeofknowledge,torealizeourpotentialsandtopayforourlife.（气势恢宏）要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！,七、挑战极限原则既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：Theweatherbeingfine,alargenumberofpeoplewenttoclimbthewesternhills.Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent,itssizebeingaboutthreetimesthatofChina.如果你可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！,文章主体段落三大杀手锏：一、举实例思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！Inordertoattractmorecustomers,advertisershaveadoptedeverypossiblestimulativefactorinmakingads,suchassound,light,colours,cartoonfilmsandhumanperformance.Forinstance,toadvertiseacertainfood,advertiserswillaskanactororactresstositatatableanddevourtheseeminglydeliciousfood.更多句型：totakeasanexample,oneexampleis,anotherexampleis,forexample,二、做比较方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的；只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（throughcomparison）和不同点（throughcontrast）。下面是一些短语：相似的比较：incomparison,likewise,similarly,inthesamemanner相反的比较：ontheotherhand,conversely,whereas,while,instead,nevertheless,incontrast,onthecontrary,comparedwith,三、换言之没话说了,可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字Iloveyou!Iamenthusiasticaboutyou.Thatistosay,Iloveyou.Iamwildaboutyou.Inotherwords,Ihavefalleninlovewithyou.或者上面我们举过的例子：Icannotbearit.可以用短语表达：Icannotputupwithit.因此可以这样说：Icannotbearit.Thatistosay,IcannotputupwithitorIamfedupwithit.更多短语：inmoredifficultlanguage,insimplerwords,putitmoresimply,图表作文的写作有些学生习惯于文字题，看到图表作文时就有些发蒙。其实图表作文是文章中常见的一种辅助性表达形式，它具有醒目和简练的特点。图表作文要求作者先描述图表，再阐明观点。在描述图表时，应该先弄清楚数据彼此之间的关系，并根据图表中所给出的数据进行横向或纵向比较、分析，如：最大最小；最多最少；最快最慢；最好最差等，然后再用图表的内容来阐明道理，最后得出结论。在写作中可以采用各种不同的方法，如：比较和对照、因果关系等。,图表作文常用句型Asisshown/canbeseen/statedin/fromthetable/chart.ComparedwithB,Ais.Therewasarise/fallof.between/duringtheperiodof.Aisthreetimesasmuchas/fasterthan/slowerthanBFromtheanalyses/date/discussionabove,wecansee/cometoaconclusion/drawaconclusion/makeaconclusionthat.,写作万能公式开头万能公式：1开头万能公式一：名人名言经典句型：Asasayinggoes,“Moneymakesthemarego”,buttherearesomethingthatcantbeboughtwithmoneysuchastimeandtruelove.Aproverbsays,“youareonlyyoungonce.”（适用于已记住的名言）Itgoeswithoutsayingthatwecannotbeyoungforever.（适用于自编名言）更多经典句型：aseveryoneknows,noonecandenythat,2开头万能公式二：数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about78.9ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation.更多句型：Arecentstatisticsshowsthat,结尾万能公式：1结尾万能公式一：如此结论Obviously（此为过渡短语）,wecandrawtheconclusionthatgoodmannersarisefrompolitenessandrespectforothers.更多过渡短语：tosumup,inconclusion,inbrief,onaccountofthis,thus更多句型：thus,itcanbeconcludedthat,therefore,wecanfindthat,2结尾万能公式二：如此建议Obviously,itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly,Irecommendthatsomemeasuresbetaken.Consequently,tosolvetheproblem,somemeasuresshouldbetaken.,四级高分作文标志1.120-150字，字迹清晰，卷面整洁；2.是否长短句交叉；3.用词是否恰当，准确，形象，尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词；4.关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词。,写好一篇作文的注意事项：1.适当用被动代替主动。这样能更客观的反映事实，句子开头不要总是用we/I(比如写结尾时不用weshouldpayattentionto而用Attentionshouldbepaidto.)举个经典结尾2004年六月六级作文的最后一段：Itis,therefore,hightimethatsomeapplicableapproacheswereimplementedbytheserviceindustrylikethat.Thus，itscompetitiveedgewillbesharpenedeffectively.,2.善于使用插入语。比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。如however/therefore/forexample/Ibelieve做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。比如说：Otherindividuals,however,taketheattitudethat,3.一定要学会换词，换形象，具体的代替太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good,bad,many,thing,think,people,opinion等等)比如上面例子中，applicable代替proper;approaches代替ways;implement代替carryout;sharpenonescompetitiveedge代替enhanceonescompetitiveness(提高某物竞争力),下面举一篇优秀作文(14分)的例子，看看他是如何运用各类写作技巧的。ComputerandI,第一段：Ineverforgettheexceedinglythrillingdaywhenmymotherboughtmeacomputerasbirthdaypresent,whichexertedatremendousfascinationonmesothatIindulgedmyselfingooglinganarmyofusefulinformationIhadexpected,andenjoyaseaofmelodiousclassicmusic.ThatnightIwassleepless,feelingthatthewholeworldbelongedtome.,exceedingly替换verythrilling替换excitingsth.exertatremendousfascinationonsb替换sb.beinterestedinsth.google替换searchanarmyof替换alotof,第二段：Thedawnofthenewcenturywitnessedtheincreasingpopularityofcomputers.Coincidentwiththeadvancementofscienceandtechnology,computerspouringintothecurrentsocietyasafashionareappealingtogrowingindividuals.Itisnoexaggerationtosaythatwehavebeensubmergedbythem,inlargemeasure!,Thedawnofthenewcenturywitnessed是一个精彩句型，用来描述在某个时期发生了什么事情；Increasingpopularity替换moreandmorepopularCoincidentwith非常地道的词汇，表达与一致的意思，替换WithAdvancement替换developmentPourinto(floodinto/swarminto)替换enterintoCurrent(currently)替换nowAppealtosb.替换sb.beinterestedinsth.Growingindividuals替换moreandmorepeopleItisnoexaggerationtosay经典句型，说某事是毫不夸张的,第三段：Tobeginwith,wecan,freely,searchdesiredinformationatanymoment.Littlebylittle,ourknowledgewillbewellenriched,andourhorizonswillbegreatlybroadened.Additionally,wecangethugerecreationsonlinebychatting,playinggames,ordeliveringemail.,Wecan,freely,search用了插入语的写作手法ourknowledgewillbewellenriched,andourhorizonswillbegreatlybroadened.用了非常精彩的被动Additionally替换Inaddition/BesidesDeliver替换send,第四段：Thereisnodenyingthat,however,computerscanfunctioninthedisserviceofhumanbeings,inaway,especiallythegrowingviolence,pornpictures,AV-filmsemergingonthescreen,whichleadsquietafewnetcitizenstocopying.,Thereisnodenyingthat,however,computerscanfunctioninthedisserviceofhumanbeings.这个句子有三个精彩之处，首先Thereisnodenyingthat这个句型，还有however作为插入语，functioninthedisserviceof替换doharmtoEmerging代替appearing(fading代替disappearing)Netcitizen网民，属于精彩用词,第五段：Asaclassicproverbgoesthatnogardenhasnoweeds.Computersdoplayapositiveroleinthedevelopmentofpeoplelives,despiteasliceofunfavorableimpacts.Weshould,therefore,takeadvantageofthefruitsandavoidtheoppositefacet.,Nogardenhasnoweeds替换EverycoinhastwosidesComputersdoplay，do强调Positive替换important/goodAsliceof替换apartofUnfavorable替换badImpacts替换effects/influencesWeshould,therefore,takeadvantageof使用插入语Fruits(而且fruits用的非常形象，merits/virtues)替换advantage(defects替换disadvantage)Facet替换aspect,30个最经典的替换词,1.individuals,characters,folks代替(people,persons)2.positive,favorable,rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding代替good3.dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse(有害的)代替bad。如果bad做表语，可以有belessimpressive代替eg.Anarmyofcollegestudentsindulgethemselvesinplayinggames,enjoyingromancewithgirls/boysorkillingtimepassivelyintheirdorms.Whenitapproachestograduation,asaresult,theyfindtheiracademicrecordsarelessimpressive.4.(anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,many.,ifnotmost)代替many.注：用manyifnotmost一定要小心，many后一定要有词。eg.Manyindividuals,ifnotmost,harbortheideathat.同理用mostifnotall,代替most.5.asliceof,quietafew,several代替some,6.harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat)替think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)7.affair,business,matter代替thing8.shared代common9.reaphugefruits代替getmuchbenefit10.formypart,frommyownperspective代替inmyopinion11.Increasing(ly),growing代替moreandmore。注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing。修饰形容词，副词用increasingly。eg.sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity.Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth.12.littleifanything，或littleornothing代替hardly13.beneficialrewarding代替helpfulbebeneficialof14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser代替customer15.exceedingly,extremely代替very,16.hardlyunnecessary,hardlyinevitable.代替necessary,inevitable17.sthappealstosb,sthexertsatremendousfascinationonsb代替sbtakeinterestin18.captureonesattention代替attractonesattention.19.facet,dimension,sphere代aspect20.beindicativeof,besuggestiveof,befearfulof代indicate,suggest,fear21.giveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger代替cause.22.Thereareseveralreasonsbehindsth代替.reasonsforsth23.Desire代替want.24.pourattentioninto代替payattentionto25.bearinmindthat代替remember26.enjoy,possess代替have(注意process是过程的意思)27.Interaction代替communication28.frownonsth代替beagainst,disagreewithsth29.tonameonlyafew,asanexample代替forexample30.nextto/virtuallyimpossible代替nearlyimpossible,GOODLUCK！,THEEND,