英语四级写作专项与模拟训练.ppt

-真题分析、专项训练、模拟训练,CET4Writing,历年四级写作题材及写作类型,历年四级写作题材及写作类型,历年四级写作题材及写作类型,1.特点及写作要求对比选择型议论文是大学英语四级考试写作最常见的写作题型。一般来说，这类议论文的通常是对一个观点或事物的正反两方面或者两种不同的观点或事物进行对比，从而引出主题，得出结论。在对两种不同的观点或事物进行对比时，主要运用比较和对比两种写作技巧。在四级考试中曾多次出现此类议论文。,对比选择型-P65,2.写作流程第一段：简单介绍某一现象或事物。第二段：分析某一观点或事物的正反两面，或比较两种不同的观点或事物。第三段：得出结论，或提出自己的看法。,对比选择型,或者,第一段：简单提及某一现象或事物，并分析该现象或事物的好处。第二段：分析该现象或事物的弊端。第三段：得出结论，或提出自己的看法,3.真题分析2006年1月大学英语四级考试真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点2.校园是否对游客开放，人们看法不同3.我认为.,对比选择型,【范文】ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?(1)Nowadays,manywell-knownuniversitycampusesinChinahavebecomepopulartouristattractions.Duringholidays,largenumbersoftouristscanbeseenonuniversitycampuses,particularly,PekingUniversityandTsingHuaUniversity.,(1)开篇自然，引出焦点问题,对比选择型,(2)Shouldtheuniversitycampusbeopentotourists?Peoplesopinionsvaryfromonetoanother.(3)Somemaintainthatopeninguniversitycampusestotouristscannotonlyincreaseuniversitysfinancialincomebutalsoprovideyoungstudentsagoodopportunitytoknowtheuniversitysothattheycanbeencouragedtostudyhardertorealizetheirdreams.(3)Whileothersarguethatopeninguniversitycampusestotouristsmayruinboththeirnaturalandacademicenvironment.,(2)过渡句，承上启下(3)分别论述支持和反对的观点及理由,对比选择型,(4)AsfarasIamconcerned,universitycampusesshouldnotbeopenforprofitastouristattractions,becauseitisaplaceforstudyandresearch,notfortourism.Itspurityandbeautywillbedestroyedifitbecomesaprofitableorganization.(4)However,Ithinkuniversityisapropertyforthewholesocietysothatitcanbeopentoindividualvisitorssolongasthevisitdoesnotdisturbitsorder.,对比选择型,(4)表明自己的观点，because原因状语从句引出理由；sothat,solongas的使用使句式更为多样,4.参考模板【模板一】Whenitcomestotheissueof,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.(进一步介绍这种现象或观点).Somepeoplethinkthat.Theyholdthisopinionbecause(theythink).Others,however,takeanegative/positiveattitudeto.(Others,nevertheless,aremorepessimistic/optimisticaboutit).Fromtheirpointofview,.Besides,.,对比选择型,Inmyopinion/Personally/Frommypointview/Ifaskedmyattitude,Iammoreinfavorof.Istandin/holdthisattitude/opinion/viewbecause.Itstruethat,butitdoesntmeanthat.Therefore/Inaword/Inshort,.Instead,weshould,对比选择型,4.参考模板【模板二】Nowadays,whereveryougo,youwillhearpeopletalkabout.Whetheryoulikeitornot,ithadbecomeapartofourlife.Generally,itisbelievedthatthereareseveraladvantageswith.Firstly,.Whatsmore.Buteverycoinhastwosides,andisnoexception.Therearealsosomedisadvantageswith.Tobeginwith.Beside,.Andmostimportantofall,.Butallinall,.Therefore,weshould.,对比选择型,1.特点及写作要求现象阐释型的作文通常先指明一种现象或提出一种观点，然后对这一现象或观点进行解释，最后得出结论或发表个人见解。,现象阐释型P66,2.写作流程第一段：简要描述某一现象或某一观点。第二段：具体阐释现象或观点的正确性或危害性等。第三段：表明自己的态度或看法。,现象阐释型,或者,第一段：简单描述某一现象或观点。第二段：具体阐述引起这种现象的或持有这种观点考虑的主要因素。第三段：对现象或者观点进行评价。,3.真题分析2006年6月大学英语四级考试真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlecturers.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:(1).有些大学允许学生自主选择某些课程的任课老师(2).学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素(3).学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题,现象阐释型,【范文】OnStudentsSelectingLecturers(1)Atpresent,insomecollegesanduniversities,studentsareallowedtoselectlecturesontheirown.(2)Itmaysomedaybecomethemaintrendwhenpeoplegivemoreprioritytoacademicfreedom.(3)Studentswouldtakethreemajorelementsintoconsiderationwhenmakingselections.,(1)开门见山，直击主题(2)提出该现象的发展趋势,(3)揭示学生选任课老师的考虑因素,现象阐释型,(4)Firstofall,theywilltakelecturersteachingstylesintoaccount.Teachingstylestostudentstastewouldhelpthemlearnmoreefficiently.(4)Moreover,moststudentstendtochooselecturerswithmoreexperience,becausesuchteacherstendtoknowmoreabouthowtostimulateandinspirestudentsandwillhelpthemmastertheirsubjectswithmoreease.(4)Last,studentsalsoputemphasisonthelecturersacademicbackground.Fromtheirperspective,teacherswithhigheracademicdegreesmayprovidemoreenlighteningsuggestions.,(4)论述有力有序，更具说服力,现象阐释型,【范文】OnStudentsSelectingLecturers(5)Everythinghasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects,andstudentsselectinglecturesisofnoexception.(6)Itencouragesstudentstobeactivelyinvolvedintheteachingprocess,andatthemeantime,spursteacherstoimprovetheirteachingquality.(6)However,itispossiblethatsomestudentswouldchooselecturesblindlywithoutdueguidance.Anditisnotuncommonthatsometeachersemploysomeabnormaldevicestoattractmorestudents,suchaspromisinghighermarksormore“freedom”ofattendance.,(5)承上启下，引出益处和问题(6)分别论述益处和问题，有条理：动词encourage和spur引出两大益处；however引出问题所在,现象阐释型,4.参考模板【模板一】Inrecentyears,(描写现状或趋势).Thishascausedalotofproblems.First,(结果1).Forexample,(细节，说明结果1).Second,（结果2）.(细节，说明结果2).Finally,(结果3).(细节，说明结果3).Sinceissuchaseriousproblem,weshouldtakeeffectivemeasuresto.First,weshould(措施1).Besides,(措施2).Andfinally,(措施3).,现象阐释型,4.参考模板【模板二】Atpresent/Inrecentyears/Nowadays,(描写现状或趋势).Itmaysomedaybecomethemaintrendwhen(进一步描述这一现象或观点).Threemajorelements/factorswouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhen(doingsth.).Firstofall,(主要因素1).Moreover,(主要因素2).Last,(主要因素3).Fromtheirperspective,.,现象阐释型,4.参考模板【模板二】Everythinghasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects,and(这种现象或观点)isofnoexception.(这种现象或观点的正确性).However,(这种观点或现象的危害性).,现象阐释型,原因解释型P68页,1.特点及写作要求原因解释型作文的重点在于探讨产生某一社会现象或问题的原因。近十年来，原因阐释型议论文四级考试中出现的并不多。,2.写作流程第一段：对某一社会现象进行描述。第二段：阐释产生这一社会现象的原因。第三段：发表个人看法，或提出解决思路。,3.真题分析2002年12月大学英语四级考试真题Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicItPaystoBeHonest.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.（1）.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象（2）.诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实,原因解释型,【范文】ItPaystoBeHonest(1)Whatishonesty?Honestymeansspeakingthetruthandbeingfairanduprightinact.(2)Regardedasavirtue,itisadmiredineverycountryandeveryculture.(2)Theonewholiesandcheatsisdishonest.Dishonestyisgenerallylookeduponasanevil,andisdespisedandcondemnedbyeveryone.,(1)一问一答得出honesty的定义，点题(2)从正反两方面进一步阐述文章主题,原因解释型,【范文】ItPaystoBeHonest(3)Fromthemassmediaandalsowithourowneyes,weknowthatdishonestbehaviorexistsinoursociety.Forexample,studentscopyoneanothershomeworkordownloadillicitpaperfromInternettocheattheirteachers;businessmensellfakeproductstocheattheircustomers;andevenworsetherearemedicalpersonswhoproducefakemedicineharmingthepatients.,(3)举例说明社会上存在的一些不诚实行为,原因解释型,【范文】ItPaystoBeHonest(4)However,thosepeoplemaysucceedforatime,butsoonerorlater,theywillbringthemnothingbuttroubles.(5)AsanEnglishproverbgoes,“Honestyisthebestpolicy.”(5)Foronething,ifyouwanttobetrustedandrespectedbyyourfriends,youmustbehonest.Aliarisalwayslookeddownuponandavoidedbythepeoplearoundhim.(5)Foranother,ifyouwanttosucceedinyourwork,thefirstqualificationyoushouldhaveishonesty.(6)Therefore,whateveryouraimis,youmustworkhonestlytoattainit.,(4)通过however一词转折引入文章主题“为什么做人应该诚实”,(5)以一句名谚语及foronething,foranother两个短语说明原因(6)进一步强化主题，即不论要达到什么目的，必须通过诚实的方法获得,原因解释型,4.参考模板【模板一】Nowadays,weoftenhearthat(提出现象).Thisphenomenonisnotaccidental,andthereissocialandindividualbackground.Why?Foronething,（原因1）.Foranother,(原因2).Forinstance,(举例说明).Fromthat,we.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreethat.Ithinkthat(作者本人的点).,原因解释型,第三段或为Weshouldtakemeasuresto.First,(措施1).Second,(措施2).Finally,(措施3).,4.参考模板【模板二】Asisknowntoall,_.PeopleseemtogetAccustomedto_.Infact,_.Thereasonliesinseveralaspects.Firstly,_.Secondly,_.Thirdly,_.Finally,_.Asamatteroffact,_.Ontheonehand,_.Ontheotherhand,_.Therefore,_.,原因解释型,1.特点及写作要求问题解决型的作文通常先说明情况，提出问题，随后提出解决方法或处理方式，最后给予评价。,问题解决型第69页,2.写作流程第一段：描述现状、形势、提出问题。第二段：提出解决问题的方法。第三段：简要评价提及的方法，或选择其中一、两种自己认为合适的方法并说明理由。,3.真题分析2000年12月大学英语四级考试真题Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:(1).面试在求职过程中的作用(2).取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是,问题解决型,【范文】HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview(1)Nowadays,greatimportancehasbeenattachedtointerviewsbyboththeemployerandthejob-hunter.(2)Ontheonehand,theinterviewercantakeadvantageoftheoccasiontolearnaboutthecandidates,suchastheirworkexperience,educationandtheirpersonalities,soastopickouttherightperson.(2)Ontheotherhand,theintervieweecanmakeuseoftheopportunitytoknowthejob,includingsalary,workingconditionsandopportunitiesforfuturedevelopment.,(1)提出问题，点题，指出面试的重要性(2)从interviewer与interviewee两方面阐述面试在求职过程中的作用，为引出文章主题做铺垫,问题解决型,【范文】HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview(3)Therefore,thejobinterviewisveryimportanttoajob-hunter.Buthowcanwesucceedinit?(4)Firstly,dressproperlyandneatlysincethefirstimpressionisoneofthekeystosuccess.(4)Secondly，behavepolitelyandconfidently.Dontbetooproud,andneithertooshy.Showyourexpertiseandabilitiestotheemployerwithrespectandconfidence.(4)Lastbutnottheleast,theintervieweeoughttobehonestabouthisorherpersonalaswellasacademicbackground,forhonestyisthebestpolicy.,(4)分层次解释取得面试成功的三大因素，“lastbutnottheleast”意为“最后，但同样重要的是”,(3)Therefore承上启下，but提出主题,问题解决型,【范文】HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview(5)Tosumup,thejobinterviewisreallyimportant,butthereisnoneedtobenervous.(5)Aslongasyouhavetheabilityforthejobandputtheaboveprinciplesintopractice,youwillmostprobablysucceedinit.,(5)“tosumup”引出总结，“aslongas”句型引出建议，语言简练，连接紧凑,问题解决型,4.参考模板【模板一】Nowadays,greatimportancehasbeenattachedto(目前的现象及存在的问题).Manywayscancontributeto(要解决的问题),butthefollowingonesmaybeeffective.Firstofall,（方法1）.Besides,(方法2）.Finally,（方法3）.Inconclusion/Tosumup,thewaysIhavementionedaboveshouldneverbeseparatedfromeachother.（希望）.,问题解决型,4.参考模板【模板二】Withthe_of_,_.Soitsofgreatimportanceforusto_.Ontheonehand,_.Ontheotherhand,_.However,wehavefigureoutmanywaysto/Asisknowntoall,therearemanyways_.Firstly,_.Solongas_.Secondly,_.Thirdly,_.Infact/Soitshightimeforusto,_.Thatisbecause_.Inaword,_.,问题解决型,应用文，就是在现实生活中有实际应用功能的文体，比如书信、通知、演讲稿、见证书、导游词等。应用文是大学英语四级考试中常见的考查内容，与议论文、记叙文和说明文相比，应用型作文与生活、社会的联系更加紧密，在格式、行文习惯等方面更讲究规矩。因此，无论写哪些应用型作文，都必须按其各自规范化的、约定俗成的格式来写，不能随意改变格式。下面主要讲述英文书信的构成、写英文书信时应注意的事项。,应用型第71页,1.书信的构成英文书信一般分为六个部分：信头，信内地址，称呼，正文，结束语，署名。此外信末还可附上附件及再启。,应用型,2.书信的构成信头(Heading)信头通常包括发信人的地址和发件日期，置于信纸右上角，离信纸的顶头约一英寸，在靠近信纸的中央开始写。地址的写法有小到大。若用印有信头的信笺，则打上发信日期即可。日期写法有英、美两种不同的格式。英国写法为“日、月、年”，美国写法为“月、日、年”。如：April19,2007(American)19thApril,2007(British),齐头式：16BrownSt.ReadingBerksEnglandMarch6th,2009,应用型,信头分两种：齐头式(BlockStyle）和缩进式(IndentedStyle）,缩进式：16BrownSt.ReadingBerksEnglandMarch6th,2009,信内地址(InsideAddress)信内地址包括收信人的姓名、地址，写在左上方，位置比右上方发信人的地址和日期低1-2行，也是分数行从小到大依次书写。私人信件则不拘形式。在收信人名字前须加尊称如Mr.,Miss,Sir,Dr.等称呼(Salutation)称呼是对收件人的称呼，另起一行写在信内地址下面，在称呼后一般加“，”。如DearMr.Green或DearPresidentBush。若写给某个单位或不熟悉的人，可用DearSir/Madam或DearDirector/Gentleman。,应用型,正文(Body)正文通常包含三部分内容：第一部分用一两句话写明写信的目的或表达问候、谢意；第二部分具体说明所谈事物的细节问题；第三部分是向对方再一次表达你的诚意和感谢等。正文的第一行须离称呼一个行距或两个行距，段首缩进四个字符。结尾谦称(ComplimentaryClose)结尾谦称这一客套称呼写在结尾语(正文)下隔一行处，从正中或偏右处写起。目前，也有人偏左处写起。第一个字母大写，后面加逗号。,应用型,Devotedly,Lovingly,Yourown,Allmylove,(用于情人、夫妻之间）Yourslovingly,Youraffectionately,(用于亲密的家人间)Sincerelyyours,(用于熟悉的人之间)Respectfullyyours,(用于地位高的人或长辈)Faithfullyyours,(用于对机关的正式函件)签名(Signature)签名的位置在结束语之下，偏向信纸的右边。信纸上一定要有亲笔签名。即使信纸上已经有打印的签名，仍需在其上方亲笔签一遍。,应用型,附件(Enclosure)如果信的正文中谈到有附件，应在左下角注明Enclosure或Encl.或Encls.。若附件不止一个，则写上2（或3、4等）encls。例如：Encl:Acopyofmyresume2Encls:2Invoices3Encls:1Resume1DoctorsCertificate1Photo完整信件格式图例：（*私人信件或非正式信件通常省略信内的寄信人地址、收信人地址和日期。）,应用型,应用型,Heading（信头）AddressofthewriterDateInsideAddress（收件人姓名，地址）Salutation（称呼），TheBodyoftheLetter（信文）.ComplimentaryClose（结尾谦称），Signature（签名）,2.英文书信的特点及写作要求书信的写作格式比较固定，通常不是考试的重点，重点仍然是英语解释或说明一件事情的能力。英文书信主要分为私人信函(Personalletter)和公务信函(businessletter)。私人信函是写给亲朋好友，与他们互通消息、交流感情的渠道。公务信函包括商务信函、社交信函、事务信函甚至私人事务信函，如申请书、推荐信、祝贺信、邀请信、投诉信、感谢信、求职信、道歉信等。开头部分：点名写信的意图；主体部分：展开说明问题、介绍情况或描写事件；结尾部分：提出愿望或表达感谢、祝福。,应用型,3.真题分析2004年1月大学英语四级考试真题Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetterinreplytoafriendsinquiryaboutapplyingforadmissiontoyourcollegeoruniversity.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.建议报考的专业及理由2.报考该专业的基本条件3.应当如何备考,应用型,ALetterofReplytoaFriendDecember27th,2003Dear,Iwasgladtoreceiveyourlettertwodaysago.(1)Inanswertoyourquestionabouthowtoapplyforadmissiontoouruniversity,(1)Iwillgiveyouthefollowingadvices.IsuggestyoutoapplyfortheEnglishmajor.(2)Foronething,theEnglishmajorofouruniversityisfamousforitsmodernteachingequipmentsandprestigiousprofessors.(2)Foranother,generallygraduatesmajoredinEnglishinouruniversitygetdesirableemploymentonjobmarkets.,(1)”inanswerto”道明写信的目的(2)两个短语指明提出建议的理由,应用型,(3)Therearesomerequirementsforthismajor.(3)Forexample,youhavetohaveagoodfoundationinEnglish.(3)Moreover,youhavetopayahighertuitionthanstudentsofothermajors.(4)Besides,youhavetomakesomepreparationforthetest.(4)Ontheonehand,youshouldpayattentiontoenlargingyourvocabularyandpracticingthegrammar.(4)Ontheotherhand,youshouldpracticethelisteningandoralEnglishpersistently.(4)Lastbutnotleast,toreachthegoal,lotsofexercisesarenecessary.Yourssincerely,LiangChen,(4)”besides”一词就如何备考给出自己的建议，三个短语分层次更详细的阐述备考的建议,应用型,(3)Therebe句型承上启下，两个短语引出报考该专业的基本条件,1.特点及写作要求综合叙事型文章是以记人叙事为主要内容、以叙述为主要表达方式的文章。写这类作文要综合记叙、描写和议论等写作方法，既要交代时间、地点、人物、事情的发生、发展和变化，也要分析事情发生的原因或写出个人感受。,综合叙事型第74页,2.写作流程第一段：引出主题，交待清楚事情发生的背景，如时间、地点及人物等。第二段：描述事情发生的起因、经过和结果。第三段：分析事件发生的原因或者写出个人的感受,3.真题分析2003年6月大学英语四级考试真题Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicAnEye-WitnessAccountofaTrafficAccident.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书包括以下几点：1.车祸发生的时间及地点2.你所见到的车祸情况3.你对车祸原因的分析,综合叙事型,【范文】AnEye-WitnessAccountofaTrafficAccident(1)OnMay5th,2003,IwitnessedandanaccidentonWuyiRoadonmywaytothePedestrianStreet.(2)ItwasaroundoneoclockintheafternoonthatIwasridingmybicycle.(2)HardlyhadIgottoamajorcrossroadwhenthegreentrafficlightflashed,soIstopped.Thetrafficlightsoonturnedred,butamiddle-agedman,alsoridingabicycle,passedmeonmyrightanddecidedtotakearisk.Tomysurprise,hewasfollowedbythreeorfourpeople.Itwasmostunluckyforthemanwhofirstrushedoutandwashitbyataxi(2)runningatfullspeed.Withaharshsoundoftheemergencybrake,thecarstoppedbutthemanfelldown,(2)mourningandbleeding.Theredlightwasstillonatthatmoment.,(1)叙述了此次交通事故发生的时间和地点,(2)强调句型、分词结构、虚拟语气、倒装句型使用得当，句式丰富，使得整个事件的经过生动而形象,综合叙事型,(3)Inmyopinion,theaccidentwasduetothebicycle-ridersbreakingthetrafficregulation.Thetaxidriverisalsotobeblamedifhehadsloweddownatthecrossroad,theconsequencewouldnothavebeensoserious.HowIwishpeoplecouldbemorecareful,inthatcase,suchtragediescouldbecomefewerandfewer.,(3)分析事件的原因，发表自己的看法,综合叙事型,4.参考模板Itis(时间和地点)when(事件)tookplace.（简单叙述一两句）.Isawsight.（描写情景，注意描写的顺序）.Tobeginwith,_.Andthen,.Eventually,.Asaconsequence,(结束语).Inmyopinion,threefactorscontributeto.First,(原因1).Second，（原因2）.Last,（原因3）.Alltheseledto（结束语）.,综合叙事型,第三段或为以下模式：Idobelieve（个人感受）.,1.特点及写作要求图表型作文要求根据图表上的数据，找出所反映的某个趋势或某一个问题、现象，并对该问题、趋势所产生的原因进行分析。常见的图表型作文有表格（table）、曲线图（linechart）、条形图（bargraph）、饼形图（piechart）和图片（picture）。写图表型作文应该做好以下几点：,图表型第75页,(1).看懂并理解图表的含义，这是写好图表型作文的前提；(2).选择能充分说明图表主题的典型数据；(3).根据分析结果和文章的题目写出各段的主题句并展开论述；(4).合理的结构安排是：第一段简明扼要，尽量少引数据，重在点明趋势；二、三段的分析是重点，应展开。,2.写作流程第一段：总体说明图表所反映的趋势、问题、现象，并选用典型数据进行说明；第二段：分析该问题或该现象的原因或后果；第三段：提出解决问题的办法、建议或进行展望。,图表型,图表型,3.真题分析2002年6月大学英语四级考试真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow:,(1).下图所示为1990，1995，2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化(2).说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）(3).你认为大学生在使用计算机中有什么困难和问题。,图表型,【范文】StudentUseofComputers(1)Thischartshowstheincreaseofstudentsuseofcomputersfromtheyear1990to2000.(1)Aswecansee,in1990,theaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekis2.In1995,however,thenumberdoublesandin2000,itsoarsto20hoursperweek.,(1)描述图表内容，点明变化趋势,图表型,【范文】StudentUseofComputers(2)Thissignificantgrowthcanbeattributedto(归因于)severalfactors.(2)Firstly,thevalueofcomputershasbeengraduallyrecognized.Atfirst,acomputerwasconsiderednothingbutanexpensivetypewriter.Laterpeoplefounditcouldprocesspictures,soundaswellaswords.(2)Particularly,thelatestdevelopmentofInternethasmadecomputersessentialtostudentswhohopetoobtaininformationmorequickly.(2)Moreover,since1990,duetotechnologicaladvances,computerpriceshavedroppedsignificantly,whichhasmadecomputeraccessmoreaffordabletocollegestudents.,(2)首句引出图表数据变化的原因，接着分层次进行详细叙述，条理清楚，who及which引导的两个定语从句使句子紧凑、完整,图表型,【范文】StudentUseofComputers(3)Itistruethatstudentshavebenefitsalotfromtheuseofcomputers.(4)However,ontheotherhand,problemshavealsoarisen.Somestudentsindulgethemselvesincomputergamessothattheyignoretheirstudies.Therearealsostudentswhoevengoastray(歧途，迷途)becauseoftheexposuretothepornography(色情资料)ontheInternet.(4)Therefore,aseverycoinhastwosides,thecomputerisablessing(令人高兴的事物，带来幸福的事物)aslongasitisusedinaproperway.,(3)总结上文，承上(4)However启下，指出存在的问题0,(4)Therefore引出问题的对立面，aslongas提出建议,图表型,(4)参考模板Recentlytherehasbeenatremendousgrowthin_(指出第一次数据变化).Whatamazesusmostis(第二次数据变化).Itistruethat(点明变化趋势).Therearemanyreasonsexplaining.Themainreasonis.Whatsmore,.Thirdly,.Asaresult,.Consideringallthis,Ibelieve（指出大学生在使用计算机中有困难和问题）.Foronething,(困难一）.Foranother,（困难二）.Inconclusion,(提出建议）.,图表型,（1）MisleadingNews(P.141)Nowadays,alargeamountofmisleadingnewsappearsinthemediacircle,whichcallsforpeoplesattention.Anincreasingnumberofreporterswriteuntruestoriesaboutfamousstarsorhotevents.Itismainlyduetothewrongnotionofsomejournaliststhatweencountermoreandmoremisleadingnews.Firstly,somejournalistsdevotethemselvestocookingupsomemisleadingnewstomakenameforthemselvesorbecomemorepopularinthemediacircle.Inordertomaketheirdreamscometrue,theycoinmoreandmoremisleadingnewsneglectingtheirmoralityofprofession.Secondly,专项训练,someoftheaudienceareveryinterestedinmisleadingnews,whichtosomeextentleadstotheexistenceofmisleadingnews.Inaddition,theywronglybelievethatinthecompetitivemediacircle,nomediacansurvivewithoutthesensationalstoriescateringtoreaderstasteandcuriosity.Inmyview,themediacircleshouldtaketheresponsibilityofofferingtrueinformation.Thus,allthejournalistsshouldabidebytheirprofessionalmoralsandproducetruenewstothepublic.Ontheotherhand,thereadersshouldtrytoresistthemisleadingnews.Inthisway,wecanenjoyourlifebyreadingtruenews.,专项训练,（2）EnergyCrisis(P.142)Whenaskedaboutoneofthebiggestproblemswearefacingtoday,manypeoplemaysaythatanenergycrisisisapproachingandisthreateningmankindssurvival.Theyareafraidthattheworldislikelytorunoutofoilandmetalsandtorunshortoffoodinthenearfuture.Tothisproblem,mostcountriesrespondwiththedemandformorerigidconservationofournaturalresources.Indeed,thisisurgentlyneeded,forthepresentwasteofenergyinindustrialandpersonalconsumptionissoseriousthatithasbecomehabitualandtraditional.Ifthenaturalresourcesareusedeconomically,wecancertainlyslowdownthepresentdrainonthelimitedenergysupply.,专项训练,However,conservationaloneisnottheanswer.Itisobviousthatevenifwecansavemuchenergy,wecanonlydelaytheenergycrisis,butcannotsolvetheproblemcompletely.Howeverabundantcertainnaturalresourcesmaybe,theycannotreproducethemselvesandareboundtobeusedupultimately.Sointhelongrun,wemustdevelopnewsourcesofenergyinsteadofmerelyconservingtheknown,limitedsupplies.Manishighlyadaptableandcreative.Therefore,inmyopinion,sincemanisabletotapsuchresourcesasoilandmetal,heshouldalsodevelopandharnesssolarenergy,nuclearenergyandotherunknownenergyresourcessothatwecanliveinaworldwithoutenergycrisis.,专项训练,（3）MyViewontheIncomeGap（P.143）Nowadaystheincomegapisgettingwiderandwider.Insomeprivately-ownedfirms,jointventures,orforeign-ownedcompanies,anexecutivesannualincomeistentimesorevenahundredtimesasmuchasanordinaryworkers.Confrontedwiththissituation,peoplewillundoubtedlyholddifferentoptions.Somemaintainthatitbenefitsthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentsincedrivingforceisoftenderivedfromthegap,whichmeansthatthegapinspiresonesdesireandgivesoneanimpetustoadvancement.Othersspeakofitssideeffect.Incomegapisoftentherootofsocialunrestandalsocontrarytoourcountryssocialistprinciple.,专项训练,Inmyview,whileitistruethattheincomegapmaystimulatethesocialdevelopmenttosomeextent,itcausestroubleaswell.Theincomegapthatistoowideformostpeopletobearneitherbenefitsthestabilityofourcountrynorpromotesoureconomicdevelopment.Thus,whileweareadvocatingtherapiddevelopment