简单英语被动语态课件.ppt

,合肥师范学院吴林QQ754081226,Howtodescribethepictures,Theriverwasseriouslypolluted.,Sometreeshavebeencutdown.,合肥师范学院吴林QQ754081226,合肥师范学院吴林QQ754081226,ThePassiveVoice(被动语态）,语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。,英语语态,被动语态的构成,worked,opened,closed,seen,taught,asked,work,close,open,ask,see,teach,e.g.,由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。,合肥师范学院吴林QQ754081226,英语的谓语动词有两种语态,WespeakEnglish.,主语,谓语,宾语,Englishisspokenbyus.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加by动变被,看清be,结构分别be+pp,主动语态,被动语态,主变被解题步骤:,1.找宾语-即动作的承受者,Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.,Shoes,2.判断宾语的单复数-即be动词的单复数.,arewere,3.判断动词的时态-即be动词的时态.,4.修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5.修改原句的主语-即by+主语/宾语.,bythem.,Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.,Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.,Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.,Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.,Thebridge(build)lastyear.TheOlympicGames(hold)everyfouryears.Theproblem(discuss)atthemeetingnow.Hisnewbook(publish)nextmonth.Theclassroom(notclean)yet.,wasbuilt,Isheld,isbeingdiscussed,willbepublished,hasnotbeencleaned,Readtext-1,6.Themachine(repair)atthistimeyesterday.7.Shesaidthereport(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks.8.MissLisaidthebook(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning.9.BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords(learn).10.Hesaidtheproject.(finish)by2010.合肥师范学院吴林QQ754081226,wasbeingrepaired,hadbeentyped,wouldbegiven,willhavebeenlearned,wouldhavebeenfinished,Readtext-2,Whencanweusethepassivevoice?,不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。,Mybikewasstolenlastnight.昨晚我的自行车被偷了。Lettersarecollectedateighteverymorning.信件每天早晨八点收取。,ThedeskwasmadebyMasterWang.这张课桌是王师傅做的。Thebagwastakenawaybyhissister.那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。合肥师范学院吴林QQ754081226,2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。,Article1_popwin_title,3.为了更好地安排句子。,Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一个主语就够了）那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了。,Ihaveanewskirt.Itwasgiventomeasabirthdaypresentbymyaunt.我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的。,4.在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：,Article1_popwin_headfor,Howtochangetheactivevoiceintothepassivevoice?,将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。,把SVO（主动宾）句型的主动句转换成被动句，原句中的宾语作被动句的主语。,e.g.LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.ThemachinesweremadeinChangsha.,基本方法,2.把SVoO（主动间宾直宾）的主动句转换成被动句，常用原句中的间接宾语作被动句中的主语。,Article1_popwin_tap,e.g.Theygaveheraprize.Shewasgivenaprize.XiaoLisbrothertaughthimEnglish.XiaoLiwastaughtEnglishbyhisbrother.,e.g.Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.WecalledthestudentCleverHans.ThestudentwascalledCleverHans.,3.SVOC（主动宾宾补）句型转换为被动句时，原句中的宾语补语就成为主语补语。,Article2_popwin_pullover,4.短语动词转换为被动态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。,e.g.Theylookedafterthechildrenwell.Thechildrenwerewelllookedafter.Wehasputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.Themeetinghasbeenputofftillnextweek.,e.g.LiLeitoldusthattheteacherpraisedhimtoday.WeweretoldthatLiLeiwaspraisedbytheteachertoday.,5.复合句的主动语态变被动语态时，复合句中的主句和从句都须同时变为被动语态。如：,Article2_popwin_radio,英语中用主动表被动的几种特殊情况,2.某些“be+形容词+todo”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：,连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词(如look,sound,smell,feel,taste等)可用主动表被动：,Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.这座建筑看上去很美。Hervoicesoundedquitesweet.她的声音听起来非常甜美。,Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.这书很难懂。Themusicisntpleasanttolistento.合肥师范学院吴林QQ754081226这音乐不好听。,Article3_popwin_flight,3.不定式用于某些动词(如have,havegot,get等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。,Ihavesomeclothestowash.我有一些衣服要洗。MissGreenhassomeimportantletterstosend.格林小姐有一些重要的信件要寄。,注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：,Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字),4.在tootodosth和enoughtodosth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式todosth为被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式)。,Theteaistoohottodrink.茶太热，不能喝。Theseboxesarenotstrongenoughtousetobeusedasaplatform.这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。,6.在need,want,require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。,5.beworth后的动名词要用主动表被动。,Thehouseneedscleaning.房子需要打扫了。Thesechildrenrequirelookingafter.这些孩子需要照看。,Thehouseneedstobecleaned.Thesechildrenrequiretobelookedafter.,Thismovieisworthseeing.这部影片值得一看。Theproblemisnotworthdiscussing.这个问题不值得讨论。,几种值得注意的被动语态变化,带复合宾语的被动语态结构,（）makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.,MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome.,JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome.,watchlethavehearseenotice,(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.,Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.,Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.,hear/watch/.,合肥师范学院吴林QQ754081226,Weoftenhearthemsingthissong.,Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).,Thissongisoftenheard(byus)tobesung(bythem).,BobsentKatealetterlastyear.,=KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear.,=AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear.,tellaskbringwritegiveteachpasslend,to,HetoldJimastory.,Mummademeanewdress.,IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum.,makebuydraw,for,Iboughtmybrotherabook.,注意:,约翰打开了收音机。,Johnturnedontheradio.,Theradiowasturnedon.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandmatakescareofmysister.,MysisteristakencareofbyGrandma.,注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。,Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.,Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.,合肥师范学院吴林QQ754081226,Theysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.,Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.,类似的还有：Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat.,1).不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。,*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.,*ThatbikedoesntbelongtoMike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have/fit,IhaveaTVset.,Thecoatfitsmewell.,3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】Lookattheblackboard，please【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou,不用被动语态的几种情况：,4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,Thefishtastesgood.,Thescarffeelssoft.,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter,4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,这书很好卖。,这种布很好洗。,Thebooksellswell.,Thiskindofclothwashesverywell.,这书卖完了。,Thebookissoldout.,这块表需要修理一下。,Thewatchneedsmending.,=Thewatchneedstobemended.,=Weneedtomendthewatch.,want,合肥师范学院吴林QQ754081226,Didhefinishtheworkyesterday?,Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl?,Didthegirltakeawaythebooks?,WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?_Tom_thewindow?,Didbreak,Wastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday？,Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?_thisquestionoften_about_?,Is,talked,bythem,DoesntBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_thestreet_byBobeveryday?,Isntcleaned,Hetoldustogettoschoolearly.,Ourparentsaskustostayathomeatnight.,Weweretoldtogettoschoolearlybyhim.,Weareaskedtostayathomeatnight.,-Didyougototheparty?-No,I_(invite),wasntinvited,Thebridge_inthreeweeks.(finish),Youcangooutifyourhomework_(do),willbefinished,isdone,Thisisoneofthethingsthat_(see)thatday.,wereseen,WhenwasPRC_(found)?,wasseen,Thisistheonlyoneofthethingsthat_(see)thatday.,founded,Youshouldgetyourshoes_(wash),washed,Article5_popwin_intheworld,1下一届奥运会将于2012年在伦敦举行。2奶奶告诉他要好好保管这枚戒指。3我现在很忙。我有很多作业要做。4到目前为止，地球人已经几次拜访了月亮。,ThenextOlympicGameswillbeheldinLondonin2012.,Hewastoldbyhisgrandmathattheringshouldbekeptwell.,Imbusynow.Ihavelotsofhomeworktodo.,Sofar,themoonhasbeenvisitedbyearthmenseveraltimes.,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,Article5_popwin_embarrassed1,5你的外套该洗洗了。6我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。7这本书值得一看。8有人看到他昨天下午在操场上打篮球。,Yourcoatneedscleaning/tobecleaned.,Iwasboughtanewbicyclebymyfather.,Thisbookisworthreading.,Hewasseenplayingbasketballontheplaygroundyesterdayafternoon.,合肥师范学院吴林QQ754081226,Article5_popwin_embarrassed2,9你的理由听起来挺合理的。10有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。,Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.,Hewasheardtosaygoodbyetohisfriend.,