浪漫主义诗歌外国文学史.ppt

浪漫主义文学,浪漫主义Romanticism,浪漫主义（Romanticism）是开始于18世纪西欧的艺术、文学、和文化运动，大约发生在1790年工业革命开始的前后。它注重以强烈的情感作为美学经验的来源，并且开始强调如不安、惊恐等情绪，以及人在遭遇到大自然的壮丽时表现出的敬畏。浪漫主义是对于启蒙时代以来的贵族和专制政治文化的颠覆，以艺术和文学反抗对于自然的人为理性化。浪漫主义重视民间艺术、自然、以及传统，主张一个根基于自然的知识论，以自然的环境来解释人类的活动，包括了语言、传统、习俗。浪漫主义受到了启蒙运动的理念影响，也吸收了中世纪文化复古的艺术成分。“浪漫”一词来自于“romance”代表了源于中世纪文学和浪漫文学里颂扬英雄的诗赋风格。,Romanticism,Romanticismisacomplexartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyinWesternEurope,andgainedstrengthduringtheIndustrialRevolution.ItwaspartlyarevoltagainstaristocraticsocialandpoliticalnormsoftheAgeofEnlightenmentandareactionagainstthescientificrationalizationofnature,andwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts,music,andliterature.Themovementstressedstrongemotionasasourceofaestheticexperience,placingnewemphasisonsuchemotionsastrepidation,horrorandaweespeciallythatwhichisexperiencedinconfrontingthesublimityofuntamednatureanditspicturesquequalities,bothnewaestheticcategories.Itelevatedfolkartandcustomtosomethingnoble,andarguedforanaturalepistemologyofhumanactivitiesasconditionedbynatureintheformoflanguage,customandusage.,浪漫主义与音乐,浪漫主义三大音乐家莫札特、海顿、贝多芬,贝多芬和肖邦,浪漫主义绘画,威廉特纳所绘的勇莽号战舰,欧仁德拉克罗瓦自由领导人民,背景,一，法国大革命以及自由主义（Liberalism）。二，德国古典哲学。三，英法空想社会主义（utopiansocialism）。浪漫主义者的乌托邦（Utopia）意识。四，文学渊源：荷马史诗，骑士文学，英国感伤主义。,Friedrich所绘的雾海上的流浪者,WilliamBlake,WilliamBlake(28November175712August1827)wasanEnglishpoet,painter,andprintmaker.Largelyunrecognizedduringhislifetime,Blakesworkisnowconsideredseminalinthehistoryofbothpoetryandthevisualarts.,LakePoets湖畔派诗人,TheLakePoetsalllivedintheLakeDistrictofEnglandattheturnofthenineteenthcentury.Asagroup,theyfollowednosingleschoolofthoughtorliterarypracticethenknown,althoughtheirworkswereuniformlydisparagedbytheEdinburghReview.TheyareconsideredpartoftheRomanticMovement.ThethreemainfiguresofwhathasbecomeknownastheLakeSchoolwereWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,andRobertSouthey.,威廉华兹华斯,WilliamWordsworth(7April177023April1850)wasamajorEnglishRomanticpoetwho,withSamuelTaylorColeridge,helpedlaunchtheRomanticAgeinEnglishliteraturewiththeir1798jointpublication,LyricalBallads.,威廉华兹华斯（WilliamWordsworth，1770年4月7日1850年4月23日），英国浪漫主义诗人，与雪莱、拜伦齐名，代表作有与柯尔律治合著的抒情歌谣集（LyricalBallads）、长诗序曲（Prelude）等。曾当上桂冠诗人，湖畔诗人之一，文艺复兴以来最重要的英语诗人之一。,SheDweltAmongTheUntroddenWays,ShedweltamongtheuntroddenwaysBesidethespringsofDove,AMaidwhomtherewerenonetopraiseAndveryfewtolove:AvioletbyamossystoneHalfhiddenfromtheeye!-Fairasastar,whenonlyoneIsshininginthesky.Shelivedunknown,andfewcouldknowWhenLucyceasedtobe;Butsheisinhergrave,and,oh,Thedifferencetome!,伊人居处车马稀，鸽河源头傍清溪。远离尘世无人颂，深爱伊人有阿谁？青苔石畔紫罗兰，半隐半现于眼前！凄美犹如星一点，独自闪耀在长天。伊人在世无人知，伊人离世无人提。而今已是人天隔，独有诗客情自迷!,LyricalBallads,LyricalBallads,withaFewOtherPoemsisacollectionofpoemsbyWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridge,firstpublishedin1798;itistypicallyconsideredtohavemarkedthebeginningoftheRomanticmovementinliterature.Theimmediateeffectoncriticswasmodest,butitbecameandremainsalandmark,changingthecourseofEnglishliteratureandpoetry.,乔治戈登拜伦,乔治戈登拜伦，第六代拜伦男爵（GeorgeGordonByron,6thBaronByron，1788年1月22日英国伦敦1824年4月19日希腊），英国诗人、作家，引领风骚的浪漫主义文学泰斗。世袭男爵，人称“拜伦勋爵”（LordByron）。他热爱自由，除了支持英国的民主改革外，十分同情希腊的独立运动，1823年他号召一支义勇军，前往希腊支援作战，不幸于1824年因疟疾死于希腊。其代表作有恰尔德哈罗尔德游记，唐璜DonJuan等。,GeorgeGordonByron,GeorgeGordonByron,laterNoel,6thBaronByronFRSwasaBritishpoetandaleadingfigureinRomanticism.HeisregardedasoneofthegreatestEuropeanpoetsandremainswidelyreadandinfluential,bothintheEnglish-speakingworldandbeyond.Byronsfamerestsnotonlyonhiswritingsbutalsoonhislife.ByronservedasaregionalleaderofItalysrevolutionaryorganizationtheCarbonari.HelatertravelledtofightagainsttheOttomanEmpireintheGreekWarofIndependence,forwhichGreeksreverehimasanationalhero.,珀西比希雪莱,PercyByssheShelley(August4,1792July8,1822)wasoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguage.,OnAFadedViolet一朵枯萎的紫罗兰,Theodorfromtheflowerisgone,这朵花的香气已经散失，Whichlikethykissesbreathedonme;如你的吻对我吐露过的气息；Thecolorfromtheflowerisflown,这朵花的颜色已经退去，Whichglowedofthee,andonlythee!如你曾焕发过的明亮，只有你！Ashriveled,lifeless,vacantform,一个萎缩、死的、空虚的形体，Itliesonmyabandonedbreast,它在我荒废的胸口，Andmockstheheart,whichyetiswarm,以它冷漠和无声的安息Withcoldandsilentrest.嘲弄我那仍炽热的心。Iweep-mytearsreviveitnot;我哭泣，泪水无法复活它；Isigh-itbreathesnomoreonme;我叹息，它的气息永远不再；Itsmuteanduncomplaininglot它沉默、无怨的命运，Issuchasmineshouldbe.正是我所应得的。,济慈JohnKeats,JohnKeats(31October179523February1821)wasoneoftheprincipalpoetsoftheEnglishRomanticmovement.Duringhisshortlife,hisworkreceivedconstantcriticalattacksfromperiodicalsoftheday,buthisposthumousinfluenceonpoetssuchasAlfredTennysonhasbeenimmense.ElaboratewordchoiceandsensualimagerycharacterizeKeatsspoetry,includingaseriesofodesthatwerehismasterpiecesandwhichremainamongthemostpopularpoemsinEnglishliterature.,Epitaph,ThisGravecontainsallthatwasmortalofaYOUNGENGLISHPOET,whoonhisDeathBedintheBitternessofhisheartattheMaliciousPowerofhisenemiesdesiredthesewordstobeEngravenonhisTombStone:(HereliesOneWhoseNamewaswritinWater.),WhenIhaveFearsthatImayCeasetoBe,WhenIhavefearsthatImayceasetobeBeforemypenhasgleandmyteemingbrain,Beforehighpiledbooks,incharactry,Holdlikerichgarnersthefull-ripendgrain;WhenIbehold,uponthenightsstarrdface,Hugecloudysymbolsofahighromance,AndthinkthatImayneverlivetotraceTheirshadows,withthemagichandofchance;,AndwhenIfeel,faircreatureofanhour!ThatIshallneverlookupontheemore,NeverhaverelishinthefaerypowerOfunreflectinglove;thenontheshoreOfthewideworldIstandalone,andthink,TillLoveandFametonothingnessdosink.,每当我害怕,每当我害怕，生命也许等不及我的笔搜集完我蓬勃的思潮，等不及高高一堆书，在文字里，象丰富的谷仓，把熟谷子收好；每当我在繁星的夜幕上看见传奇故事的巨大的云雾征象，而且想，我或许活不到那一天，以偶然的神笔描出它的幻相；每当我感觉，呵，瞬息的美人！我也许永远都不会再看到你，不会再陶醉于无忧的爱情和它的魅力！于是，在这广大的世界的岸沿，我独自站定、沉思，直到爱情、声名，都没入虚无里。,维克多雨果,Victor-MarieHugo(February26,1802May22,1885)wasaFrenchpoet,playwright,novelist,essayist,visualartist,statesman,humanrightsactivistandexponentoftheRomanticmovementinFrance.,维克多雨果（VictorHugo，1802年2月26日1885年5月22日），法国浪漫主义作家的代表人物，是19世纪前期积极浪漫主义文学运动的领袖，法国文学史上卓越的作家。雨果几乎经历了19世纪法国的所有重大事变。一生创作了众多诗歌、小说、剧本、各种散文和文艺评论及政论文章。,乔治桑,AmandineAuroreLucileDupin,laterBaronessDudevant(July1,1804June8,1876),bestknownbyherpseudonymGeorgeSand,wasaFrenchnovelistandfeminist.乔治桑（GeorgeSand）（1804年7月11日1876年6月8日），原名阿曼蒂娜欧萝尔露茜杜班（Amandine-Aurore-LucileDupin），法国19世纪著名女作家，浪漫主义女性文学和女权主义文学的先驱。,