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Unit 4 Public transport(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1rail n铁路；栏杆，扶手；横杆2outer adj. 远离中心的，外围的；外表的，表层的3metropolitan adj. 大城市的，大都会的4tunnel n. 地下通道，隧道5section n. 部分；部件；部门6ownership n纵联1 所有权，产权7architect n. 建筑师8prime adj. 首要的，主要的_n. 盛年；鼎盛时期9minister n. 部长，大臣；牧师10userfriendly adj. 方便用户的，便于使用的_11platform n. 站台，月台；平台；讲台，舞台_12handful n. 少量的人或物；一把(的量)13choke vi.& vt. (使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞n. 哽咽声，呛住的声音14interval n纵联2 间隔，间隙15pedestrian n. 行人，步行者adj. 行人(使用)的16crash n& vi.& vt.纵联3撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃17brake n. 刹车，车闸vt. 用车闸减速刹车.重点单词写其形1detail n. 具体情况，详情，细节2authority n. 权力，权威；官方，当权者；批准，授权3enlarge vt.& vi. 扩大，扩展，增大4anniversary n. 周年纪念日5split vi.& vt. 分割，(使)分开；撕开，割破6annual adj. 每年的，一年一次的7departure n. 离开，出发；背离，违反8timetable n. 时间表，时刻表9drunk adj. 喝醉的n. 醉汉，酒鬼10convey vt. 运送，输送；表达11postpone vt. 延迟，延期12undertake vt.& vi. 承担，从事；承诺，答应13arise vi. 出现，产生14reservation n. 预订；预约；保留意见15load n. 负荷，负载；大量，许多 vt. 装载，装上，装入.拓展单词通其变1cyclist n骑自行车的人cycle v骑自行车2unfortunately adv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地fortunate adj.幸运的fortune n幸运，财富3unbelievable adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的believable adj.可信的believe v相信4growth n增加，增长；成长，生长grow v长大，生长 5enquiry n询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究enquire v询问，打听6receptionist n接待员reception n接待处receive vt.接待，招待7punctual adj.准时的，守时的punctually adv.准时地，守时地punctuality n准时，守时8aggressive adj.好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的aggression n好斗情绪，攻击性aggressor n侵略者，挑衅者9violate vt.违犯，违反；侵犯violation n违反10crossing n人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越cross vt.穿过纵联1.发现以“ship”结尾的名词membership 会员资格；会员身份relationship 关系；联系friendship 友情，友谊hardship 艰难；困苦ownership 所有权纵联2.探究“时间”高频词interval n. 间歇break n. 间歇moment n. 片刻while n. (一段)时间instant n& adj. 时刻；即刻的permanent adj. 永久的temporary adj. 暂时的punctual adj. 守时的纵联3.“冲突，碰撞”表达种种knock 敲击collision 撞击，碰撞impact 碰撞，冲撞dash 猛撞crash 撞车；碰撞clash 冲突run into 撞在上单元话题公共交通子话题1交通工具类别bus/minibus 公共汽车/小型公共汽车coach 长途客运汽车maglev train 磁悬浮列车underground/subway/metro 地铁light railway 轻轨铁路highspeed train 高速列车taxi 出租车motorbike 摩托车bicycle 自行车car 轿车lorry 运货汽车，卡车aeroplane 飞机helicopter 直升机ship 轮船ferry 轮渡motorboat 摩托艇automobile 汽车vehicle 交通工具，车辆子话题2交通出行时的现象traffic jam 交通堵塞traffic lights 交通信号灯pavement 人行道violate the law 违反法律traffic accident 交通事故pay a fine 支付罚款restrict speed 限速run a red light 闯红灯drunk/drunken driving 酒驾obey/observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2012广东高考阅读C)I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known.I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help.After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldnt bear people to look at me and think I was not like them.I must have been a terrible danger on the roads.ing across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their _ (brake)Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：undertake，短语undertake_to_do_sth.意为“同意或答应做某事”。用所给词的适当形式填空：brakes，意为“刹车”。用本单元单词替换加黑词汇：arise，意为“出现”，其过去式为arose，过去分词为arisen。2(2012广东高考完形)Rules can help the public make the right choices, and remain safe.Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes._ (cycle) who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent accidents.写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：violate，意为“违反，违背”。选择加黑词在句中的意思：_B_A暴跌B碰撞C使发出巨响用所给词的适当形式填空：Cyclists高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2016浙江高考书面表达)比赛前的一个月，我曾花了两个小时的时间制定出了我练习步骤的一个时间表。(timetable)A_month_before_the_contest,_I_spent_two_hours_working_out_a_timetable_of_my_practical_steps.2(2011江苏高考书面表达)学生的负担多年来一直是一个热门话题，但家长的负担却很少受到关注，尤其是来自他们自己孩子的关注。(load)The_burden_of_students_has_been_a_hot_topic_for_years,_but_the_load_of_parents_has_received_little_attention,_especially_from_their_own_children. (二)课堂重点释疑1convey vt.运送，输送；表达，传达记牢 convey ones feelings/meanings/appreciation/affection/emotions表达某人的感情/意思/感谢/喜爱/情感convey sth. to sb.向某人表达/传递某物convey sb./sth. from A to B 把某人或某物从A地运送到B地练通完成句子We conveyed_our_goods_from_here_to_market in an old truck.我们用一辆旧卡车把货物从这里运送到市场。At that moment words couldnt convey_my_emotions.在那一刻，语言无法表达我的情感。I wish to take this opportunity to ask you to convey_my_best_regards_to_your_mother.我希望借此机会向你妈妈致以我最美好的祝愿。写美(2011大纲卷全国卷书面表达)我想表达的意思是：我在记笔记方面有一些困难并且我不知道如何使用图书馆。What_I_want_to_convey_is_that_I_have_some_difficulties_with_notetaking_and_I_dont_know_how_to_use_the_library.2. postpone vt.延迟，延期记牢(1)postpone sth.(to/until .)推迟某事(到)postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事(2)postponement n. 延迟，延期练通单句语法填空The only practicable alternative is to postpone holding (hold) the meeting.He decided to postpone the expedition until/to the following day.The postponement (postpone) was due to a dispute over where the talks should be held.完成句子I shall postpone_making_a_decision till/until I learn full details.在未获悉详情之前我将从缓作出决定。The mander decided to postpone_the_big_push_to/until_the_spring.指挥官决定把大规模的进攻推迟到春天进行。写美(2012湖北高考书面表达)每当我遇到困难，我从不拖延解决它们。Whenever_I_met_with_difficulties,_I_never_postponed_solving_them.3. undertake vt.& vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应记牢undertake to do sth.答应/同意做某事undertake responsibility/a task/a project 承担责任/任务/工程undertake that . 保证/承诺练通完成句子We_cannot_undertake_that we shall finish the task in time.我们无法保证按时完成这项任务。She is glad to undertake_to_sweep_the_rooms and set them in order.她愿意负责把房间打扫干净，整理得有条不紊。They are willing to undertake_the_responsibility for the changes.他们愿意承担这些变革的责任。写美(2009陕西高考书面表达)其次，你应该承诺做好自己的事情，向你的妈妈证明你已经是一个“成年人”。Second,_you_should_undertake_to_do_your_own_things_well,_proving_to_your_mom_that_you_are_already_a_“grownup”4. reservation n预订，预约；保留意见记牢(1)without reservation无保留地，无条件地make a reservation 预订(房间、票)；预约(2)reserve n. 储备，储存；自然保护区 v. 储备，保留，预约reserve sth. for sb./sth. 为某人/某物预约/保留某物be reserved for 留作，(专)供之用a wildlife reserve 野生动物保护区练通单句语法填空Customers are advised to make seat reservations (reserve) in advance.Weve reserved a single room for you at the garden hotel.单句改错So if you are going to visit a friend, it is necessary to make reservation.reservation前加aOutside a hospital in Belgrade, usually two parking spots reserved for parents with babies.reserved前加are完成句子I support this measure, but it doesnt mean that I support you without_reservation.我支持这项措施，但这并不意味着我会无条件地支持你。I think Id better call them to make_a_reservation for tonight.我想我最好给他们打电话为今天晚上作个预约。Are you for building highways in_a_wildlife_reserve?你赞成在野生动物保护区修公路吗？用准形似词preserve vt.意为“保护，保存；维护”。写美(2013全国卷书面表达)你能到机场接我叔叔并把他带到预订好的宾馆吗？Would_you_please_meet_my_uncle_at_the_airport_and_take_him_to_the_reserved_hotel?5. arise vi.出现，产生；(由)引起；起身；起床辨清写出下列句中arise的含义Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose from his chair immediately.起身New problems will arise one after another in the future.出现They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床The problem arose from lack of experience.由引起记牢arise from arise out of由引起/产生if/when the need arises 如果/当有需要时练通完成句子Science arose_from/out_of the practical necessity of dealing with everyday problems. 科学产生于人们处理日常问题的实际需要。Children should be disciplined when/if_the_need_arises.必要时孩子们应受到管教。用准arise为不及物动词，表示“出现，发生”时，主语一般为argument，difficulty, misunderstanding, problem, quarrel, trouble等抽象名词。写美(2009陕西高考书面表达)你面临的问题不断出现，在我们青少年中很普遍。The_problem_you_are_facing_keeps_arising_and_it_is_mon_among_us_teenagers.6. load nC负荷，负载；大量，许多vt.装载，装上，装入记牢(1)a load of loads of大量，许多take a load off ones mind 打消某人的顾虑(2)load .with . 用装载load . into/onto . 把装到上去load off ones mind 去除某人的精神负担练通单句语法填空They loaded themselves with food, medical supplies, and oxygen equipment.The good news has taken a load off my mind. 单句改错Once goods are loaded with trucks, everything slows down.withinto/ontoLoading with 35 tons of equipment and materials, a Red Cross plane has landed in Burma safely.LoadingLoaded完成句子Uncle Jim brought a_load_of/loads_of_presents for the kids.吉姆大叔给孩子们带来了许多礼物。Knowing he was safe loaded_off_my_mind.得知他平安以后，我如释重负。写美(2012辽宁高考书面表达)作为一名学生读者，我写信的目的是想谈谈你们出版社出版的英语教材，它有很多优点。As_a_student_reader,_Im_writing_to_talk_about_the_English_textbooks_published_by_your_publisher,_which_have_a_load_of_advantages.词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1After the terrible earthquake, the government conveyed (运送) people to safer places.2I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have arisen (出现)3Once you have undertaken (承诺) it, you should do it.4Do you mind if I postpone (推迟) that appointment until next week?5The truck was carrying a load (大量) of sand.6The enlarged (扩大的) school campus is three times as big as the old one.7The performance runs two hours thirty minutes including an interval (间隔)8Would you please make my reservation (预订) to Chicago for tomorrow? 9World Health Day is celebrated every year on 7 April, which marks the anniversary (周年纪念日) of WHO.10These designs demonstrate her unerring (准确无误的) eyes for colour and detail (细节).单句语法填空1Unfortunately(unfortunate), due to unforeseen circumstances, this years show has been cancelled.2Cyclists (cycle) are advised to wear helmets to reduce the risk of head injury.3I just want you to answer the question in a concrete and believable (unbelievable) phrase.4Weve seen an enormous growth (grow) in the number of businesses using the Web.5A major enquiry (enquire) is underway after the death of a union official.6Thank you for your warning. Ill hand in the paper punctually (punctual) tomorrow.7A large reception (receptionist) was held in honor of the brave explorers.8The research shows that puter games may cause aggression (aggressive)9I reserve my favorable ments for my former monitor.10You must give way to any pedestrians on the crossing (cross).单句改错1Owing to the bad weather, we decided to postpone leave.leaveleaving2I have taught some foreigners Mandarin for two years, which can help to take a load from your mind. fromoff3The manager undertook to improving the working arrangements in six months. improvingimprove4Its getting dark.I must be off now.OK, please take care and convey my best wishes with your family.withto5These changes arose differences in climate and nature.arose后加from.完成句子1The countrys present difficulties arise_from/out_of the shortage of petroleum.这个国家当前的困境是由石油短缺而造成的。2They undertook_to_finish_the_task by Monday.他们答应在星期一之前完成任务。3Id like to make_a_reservation of the ticket flying to London for July 5.我想预订7月5日飞往伦敦的机票。4How long will it take to load_the_coal_onto_the_truck?装一卡车煤需要多少时间？5I find it hard to convey_my_feelings in words at the moment.我发现此刻难以用言语表达我的感情。(一)课前自主学习1drop_off中途下客或卸货2link_up 联合，连接3put_through 给某人接通(电话)4decide_on/upon 决定，选定5put_off 推迟，推延；使反感6turn_up串记1 出现，到来；调高(音量等)7fill_in串记2 填写(表格)；消磨(时间)8split_up串记3 分组，分解；分离9speed_up (使)加速10arise_from 起因于，由引起11at_(.)_intervals 每隔距离或时间12a_handful_of 少数的，少量的13result_in 造成14in_connection_with 与有联系15in_need_of 需要16watch_out_for 小心17be_aimed_at 旨在，目的是18look_both_ways 左顾右盼19step_into 步入，走进同根短语串记串记1.神“出”鬼“没”家族show up 露面，出现e up 出现；发生turn up 出现；发生appear vi. 出现；显得；登场disappear vi. 消失；失踪die out 灭绝；消失 串记2.“v.in”常用短语take in 理解；欺骗turn in 移交break in 闯入give in 屈服，让步result in 导致bring in 引进串记3.“v.up”短语联想split up 分组，分解；分离set up 建立end up 结束pay up 付清cut up 切碎link up 联合，连接1keep .in good condition 使处于良好的状态2accelerate the pace of 加快的步伐3under the authority of 在掌控之下4in the air 在空中；未决定的5under repair 在修理中6make the assumption 假定；臆断1So, why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today?那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？2Below_are_some_of_the_major_causes_of_road_accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries, and what drivers should do to prevent them.以下是机动车如小汽车、小型巴士和货车引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及司机为防止事故应采取的措施。3It_is_up_to_all_of_us_road_users_to_make_sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.靠注意道路安全来确保避免事故，这就取决于我们大家，即道路使用者。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词块和句式1(2016浙江高考完形)What brought about (resulted_in) this astonishing change in me? The desert hadnt changed, but I had.(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)2(2011四川高考阅读E)Whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed_up (加速)” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating ines over a threeyear period.(完成句子)高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(根据提示翻译句子)1(2017浙江高考书面表达)沿途全是大树，如果累了我们可以乘凉。(全部倒装)Along_the_road_are_tall_trees,_we_can_relax_in_a_cool_place_if_were_tired.2(2013陕西高考书面表达)我突然想到一个主意：为什么不彻底打扫一下房间呢？(why not动词原形)I_suddenly_got_an_idea:_why_not_give_the_rooms_a_thorough_cleaning?(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1link up联合，连接；使结合；使连接记牢link up with与联合/汇合/碰头link . with/to . 将和联系或连接起来be linked to/with 与有关练通完成句子A new road would be needed to link_up_with the main road. 需要修一条新路与主干道路相连。The local government plans to build a railway to link_up the two islands. 当地政府计划建一条铁路把这两个岛屿连起来。Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has been_linked_with/to an increased risk of heart disease.肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式被认为会增加患心脏病的几率。 写美(2011全国卷书面表达)我可以了解所有与这周相关的重要事情。I_can_learn_all_important_things_that_are_linked_with_the_week.2put through给某人接通(电话)；使经历；使成功；使通过；完成辨清写出下列句中put through的含义Im looking for a parttime job to help put me through school.完成Both the boys were put through the pains they had never experienced before.使经历They put all the students through the important exams.使通过Can you put me through to the president office of the institute？给某人接通(电话)记牢break through突破；突围cut through 抄近路穿过；克服；穿透get through 通过；接通电话；使(某人)理解go through 通过；经历；仔细查看；查阅look through 仔细检查；浏览see through 看穿，识破；看透练通选用上述短语填空She decides to work hard and break_through all the difficulties in English.Youd better look_through your notes before the midterm examination.He tried to trick us, but we saw_through his game.We must go_through the account books together; theres still some money missing.If you dial the wrong area code, you will not get_through.写美(2010湖北高考书面表达)微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。A_smile_can_help_us_get_through_difficult_situations_and_find_friends_in_a_world_of_strangers.3speed up (使)加速记牢at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速at a speed of . 以速度with great/all speed 以很快的速度/全速练通完成句子A car passed him at_top_speed,_sounding its horn. 那辆车鸣着喇叭，高速从他身边驶过。Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed_up to reach our destinations.显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。The plane is flying at_a_speed_of 200 miles an hour. 飞机正以每小时二百英里的速度飞行。Our car was running with_all_speed on the expressway.我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶。用准speed的过去式、过去分词有两种形式，分别是：speeded, speeded 或sped, sped；speed up的反义短语为slow down“放慢速度”。写美(2017浙江高考书面表达)Mac跳下自行车，以最快的速度向汽车后门冲去。Mac_jumped_off_his_bicycle_and_dashed_for_the_back_door_of_the_car_at_full_speed.句式集释1why not动词原形教材原句So, why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today?悟拓展例句(1)What you need is a change of surroundings. Why_not_go/Why_dont_you_go_on a cruise? 你需要换换环境。为什么不乘船去旅行呢？(2)May I go with you?Why_not?我可以和你一起去吗？可以呀。析用法规则用法归纳(1)why not后跟不带to的动词不定式，用来提出建议，表示“为什么不做呢，做如何”相当于Why dont you do .?(2)why not可单独使用，表示同意，意为“当然可以，好啊，干嘛不”。注意事项表示“建议”的常见句型还有：Lets do .让我们做Shall we do .? 让我们做，好吗？Would you like to do .? 你想(愿意)做吗？Will you please do .? 请你做，好吗？What/How about doing .? 做怎么样？I suggest that sb.(should) do . 我建议某人做Youd better (not) do . 你最好(不)做背写作佳句(1)(2017北京高考书面表达)I suggest you choose the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese nation.(开头句)(2)(2017全国卷书面表达)To learn Tang poetry well, youd better get some information about Tang Dynasty before class.(要点句)2It is up to sb.to do sth.教材原句It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety. 悟拓展例句(1)Life provides you with time and space. Its_up_to_you_to_fill_it. 生命给予你时间与空间，如何填满它是你自己的事。(2)Call in, or ring us up. Its_up_to_you.你可以亲自来访，也可以打电话。由你定。析用法规则用法归纳It is up to sb.to do sth.为固定句式，多出现在口语中，意为“由某人决定做某事；做某事是某人的职责”。背写作佳句(1)(2010北京高考满分作文)It was up to me to search the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information.(开头句)(2)(2017北京高考满分作文)These are my suggestions but it is up to you to decide which route to choose.(总结句)词块、句式过关综合训练.选词填空result in, arise from, accelerate the pace of, be aimed at, link up, speed up, split up, put off1Drunk driving and speeding resulted_in his being arrested.2Criticism should be_aimed_at helping those criticized.3I called to tell you that if it should rain tomorrow, we would put_off_the sports meeting.4He told me that the serious accident arose_from the drivers false operation.5The newlybuilt expressway links_up the two big cities, making the munication between the cities more frequent than ever.6They decided to accelerate_the_pace_of construction so as to finish building the gymnasium earlier.7They are broadening the bridge to speed_up the flow of traffic.8Research suggests that children whose parents split_up are more likely to drop out of high school.完成句子/一句多译1丝绸之路是一条具有历史意义的国际通道，它使古老的中国文化与印度文化、希腊文化、罗马文化连接起来。The Silk Road was an international passage with historical significance, which linked_up_ancient_Chinese_culture_with that of India, Greece and Rome.2应该由你来决定是否实施这一计划。Its_up_to_you_to_decide whether to carry out this plan or not.3我的工作和以前的研究相联系。My work is_linked_with/to previous research. (link) My work is_related_to previous research. (relate)My work has_something_to_do_with previous research.(have something to do with)4为什么不再给他一次机会呢？毕竟，每个人都会犯错。Why_not_give_him_another_chance? After all, everybody makes mistakes.(why not)Why_dont_you_give_him_another_chance? After all, everybody makes mistakes.(why dont you).分步写作假如你叫李华，你从网络上了解到最近交通事故频频发生，造成事故的主要原因为酒后驾驶。请你写一篇短文，发帖到网上，奉劝司机朋友要珍爱生命，切莫酒后驾车。词数100左右。参考词汇：drunk driving 酒后驾车第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本文是一篇网络帖子，倡议不要酒后驾车。时态为一般现在时与一般过去时，人称为第三人称。文章应分三个层次：开头应写出发帖的原因(了解到交通事故频发)，然后说明这一现象的原因与危害，最后提出自己的倡议。要点1：我从网上了解到交通事故频频发生。(learn from, traffic accident)I_have_learned_from_the_Internet_that_traffic_accidents_happened_frequently.要点2：很多司机认为自己能够避开事故。(avoid)Many_drivers_think_they_can_avoid_accidents.要点2：酒后驾驶会威胁到司机和其他人的生命。(threaten)Drunk_driving_will_threaten_the_lives_of_the_drivers_and_other_people.要点2：酒后驾驶让家人担心。(suffer from)It_will_make_their_family_suffer_from_anxiety.要点2：酒后驾驶是违法的。(be against)Drunk_driving_is_against_the_law.要点2：越来越多的人因此而受到惩罚。(punish)More_and_more_people_are_punished_for_it.要点3：请不要酒后驾驶。(after drinking)Please_dont_drive_after_drinking.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了提升作文档次，可从以下几点对要点进行适当的补充。例如：要点1，可以用which引导的非限制性定语从句来说明交通事故频发的原因；要点2增加细节指出酒后驾驶的代价；要点2用not only .but also来说明酒后驾驶的后果；要点3着重强调为了家人和所有人的安全，请不要酒后驾驶。拓展1：我从网上了解到交通事故频频发生，主要是由酒后驾驶造成的。(which引导的非限制性定语从句， resul
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