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专题04 Wildlife protection 【考纲解读】1. 意识到保护野生动物的重要性和紧迫性，激发保护野生动物的信心和决心。 2. 掌握保护野生动物的相关知识，了解全球所关注的保护环境、保护地球、保护所有生命的话题。 【高频单词】1protection (n.) 保护protect (vt. & vi.) 保护protective (adj.) 保护的2decrease (vi.& vt.) 减少；(使)变小；(使)变少increase (vi. & vt.) (反义词)增加3loss (n.) 损失；遗失；丧失lose (vt. & vi.) 遗失；丢失；损失lost (adj.) 迷路的；迷失的4reserve (n.) 保护区 (vt.) 保留；预留5hunt (vt. & vi.) 打猎；猎取；搜寻hunter (n.) 猎人hunting (n.) 狩猎运动；打猎6respond (vi.) 回答；响应；做出反应response (n.) 回答；反应7distant (adj.) 远的；远处的distance (n.) 距离；远方8relief (n.) (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物relieve (vt.) 使减轻；缓解9laughter (n.) 笑；笑声laugh (v.&n.) 笑；发笑laughing (adj.) 可笑的；带笑意的10mercy (n.) 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯merciful (adj.) 仁慈的；宽容的11contain (vt.) 包含；容纳；容忍container (n.) 容器12affect (vt.) 影响；感动；侵袭affection (n.) 喜爱；感情effect (n.) 影响；效果；作用13appreciate (vt.) 鉴赏；感激；意识到appreciation (n.) 欣赏；感谢14succeed (vi.) 成功 (vt.) 接替；继任success (n.) 成功successful (adj.) 成功的successfully (adv.) 成功地15employ (vt.) 雇用；利用(时间、精力等)employer (n.) 雇主employee (n.) 雇员；雇工employment (n.) 雇用；使用；就业unemployment (n.) (反义词)失业；失业率16harm (n. & vt.) 损害；危害harmful (adj.) 有害的harmless (adj.) 无害的17bite (vt. & vi.) 咬；叮；刺痛bit (过去式)bitten (过去分词)18inspect (vt.) 检查；视察inspection (n.) 视察inspector (n.) 检查员；视察员19incident (n.) 事件；事变20secure (adj.) 安全的；可靠的security (n.) 安全；安全感21fierce (adj.) 凶猛的；猛烈的fiercely (adv.) 凶猛地；凶残地【重点短语】1die_out 灭亡；逐渐消失2in_peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地3in_danger_(of) 在危险中；垂危4in_relief 如释重负；松了口气5burst_into_laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来6protect.from 保护不受(危害)7pay_attention_to 注意8pick_out 挑选出 9e_into_being 形成；产生10according_to 按照；根据所说11so_that 以至于；结果12do_harm_to 损害；伤害；对有害【热点句型】1as引导方式状语从句It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but Id like to help as_the_WWF_suggests (按照世界野生生物基金会的建议)(教材P26)2be to do表示将来的打算。be to后接动词原形表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方的意见。What must be done if wildlife protection is_to_succeed (想要成功)？(教材P27)3the way作先行词，后跟省略了that/in which的定语从句。They learned this from the_way_the_bones_were_joined (骨骼的连接方式) together.(教材P30)4It is a pity that.“遗憾的是”It_is_a_pity_that (很遗憾)in the story nobody helped the dodo.(教材P31)5There be/no.left.“剩下/所剩无几”This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there_are_very_few_left (所剩无几)(教材P32) 高频考点一 单词例1、mercy n仁慈；宽恕；怜悯Farmers hunted us without mercy.(P26)农民们毫不留情地捕杀我们。【归纳拓展】(1)ask/beg for mercy 请求宽恕同情/宽恕某人with mercy 仁慈地without mercy 残忍地；毫不留情地at the mercy of 任由摆布its a mercy (that) 幸运的是(2)merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽容的merciless adj.无情的；冷酷的be merciful to 对仁慈【语境助记】He went down on his knees and begged_for_mercy.他跪下来，乞求宽恕。We had no alternative but to be at_the_mercy of the sea.我们除了任由大海的摆布外别无选择。He showed_no_mercy_to his enemies.他对敌人毫不仁慈。Its_a_mercy that she wasnt hurt in the accident.她在事故中未受伤，真是万幸。例2、contain vt.包含；容纳；克制(强烈的感情等)；抑制It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.(P26)它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。【归纳拓展】contain oneself 控制/克制自己container n容器；集装箱，货柜【语境助记】This drink doesnt contain_any_alcohol.这种饮料不含任何酒精。2016四川高考When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing_lead,_they absorb large quantities of lead.当秃鹰吃了含铅的动物的死尸，它们就吸收了大量的铅。Hearing the disappointing news, he was too sad to contain_ himself.听到这个失望的消息，他太伤心了而不能抑制自己。Food will last longer if kept in an airtight container.如果贮藏在密封的容器里，食物能保持比较久的时间。一言辨异The container contains many kinds of fruits, including apples/apples included.容器里装有许多种水果，包括苹果。例3、affect vt.影响；感动；使感染；侵袭It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.(P26)它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。【归纳拓展】(1)be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉be affected with a high fever发高烧be greatly/deeply affected很/深受感动(2)have an effect on.对产生影响take effect 生效；奏效e into effect生效；实行be of no effect无效的；无用的(3)affection n感情；喜爱；影响；感染【语境助记】She was_deeply_affected by the news of his death.他去世的消息使她深感悲痛。Global warming is having_a_great_effect_on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.科学家说，全球变暖正对世界各地成百上千的动植物物种产生巨大的影响，改变了一些生活方式。Does television affect childrens behaviour?Does television have_an_effect_on childrens behaviour?电视对孩子的行为有影响吗？2016北京高考On the 20th of that month, Dr Welch examined a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting_children.在当月的20号，韦尔奇医生给一个生病的男孩比利做了检查，了解到他患的是白喉，这是一种主要感染小孩的致命传染病。Affected_with_a_high_fever,_he continued with his work.尽管发高烧，他仍然继续他的工作。She was held in deep affection by all her students.她的学生都十分爱戴她。例4、appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；理解；意识到You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together.(P26)你们应该多关注我所生活的热带雨林，并且理解热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。【归纳拓展】(1)appreciaten./pron./v.ing 重视；感激I would appreciate it if.假如我将不胜感激(2)appreciation n欣赏；感激in appreciation of. 作为对的感谢；为感谢appreciative adj.感激的【名师点睛】(1)appreciate后不接不定式。其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语。(2)appreciate后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语意上需要接这类从句，需借助it，即“appreciate itif/when.”，类似用法的动词有：dislike， hate， love， depend on， rely on， like等。【语境助记】Id appreciate your writing_me_back as soon as possible.你尽快回信，我会感激不尽的。I would appreciate_it_if you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.如果你能给我一些解决这些问题的建议，我会很感激的。Here I sincerely expressed_my_appreciation if you could help find the lost suitcase.如果您能帮我找到丢失的箱子，我会真诚地表达我的感激之情。Being_appreciated by others is something that always makes people happy.被人赏识总是一件令人愉快的事情。Please accept this gift in_appreciation_of all you have done for us.承蒙鼎力相助，不胜感激，谨备薄礼，敬请笑纳。例5、succeed vi.& vt.成功；接替；继任What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed？(P27)要成功地保护野生动植物必须做什么？【归纳拓展】(1)succeed in doing sth.成功做了某事succeed to sth.继承succeed sb. as.接替某人成为(2)success nU成功，成就；C成功的人或事successful adj.成功的successfully adv.成功地be successful in/at (doing) sth. (做)某事取得成功【名师点睛】 success表示“成功的人或事”时，failure表示“失败的人或事”时，都是可数名词。【语境助记】He had to succeed_to the business when his father passed away.当他父亲去世时他不得不继承他父亲的事业。It never occurred to me that you could succeed_in persuading him to change his mind.我从未想过你会成功地劝他改变主意。In a word, success is important, and so is failure, because its the mother of success.总之，成功是很重要的；失败也很重要，因为失败是成功之母。His first book was a_great_success and he has been famous as a writer ever since.他的第一本书非常畅销，从那时起他就作为一名作家而出名。They were_successful_in winning the contract.他们终于争取到了那份合同。例6、employ vt. 雇用；利用(时间、精力等)Can they be employed to work in the park and not hurt the animals？(P27)他们能被雇去公园工作并且不伤害动物吗？【归纳拓展】(1)employ sb. as. 雇用某人任employ sb. to_do sth. 雇用某人做某事(2)employer n. 雇主employee n雇员；受雇者employment n. 职业；工作；使用【名师点睛】【语境助记】For the past three years he has_been_employed_as a firefighter.三年来他一直受雇为消防员。He has_been_employed_in_writing a new book these days.这些日子他一直忙于写一本新书。Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find employment.毕业生感到找工作越来越难。高频考点二、短语例1、die out 灭亡；逐渐消失As a result these endangered animals may even die out. (P25)结果，这些濒危动物甚至可能会灭亡。【归纳拓展】(1) die away(声音；光线等)逐渐消失die of/from因而死die down减弱；平息die off相继死亡(2)be dying for很想要；渴望be dying to_do sth.极想干某事【语境助记】Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying_out because of human activities. 这一地区的一些稀有鸟类由于人类活动正面临灭绝的危险。As the sound of the music died_away,_the film came to an end.随着音乐声渐渐消失，电影结束了。The apple trees in the field are all dying_off from disease. 地里的苹果树一棵接一棵地病死了。Although the wind has died_down,_the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.尽管风减弱了，雨仍然下着，因此你仍需要一件雨衣。London was a new world to me and I was_dying_to_find_out more about it for myself.伦敦对于我来说是个新世界，我渴望更多地了解这个城市。例2、protect.from/against. 保护不受(危害) “Im protecting myself from mosquitoes，” it replied.(P26)它回答说：“我正在保护自己不被蚊子叮咬。”【归纳拓展】(1)protect.against保护以防阻止做某事(3)under the protection of. 在的保护下【名师点睛】(1)表示“保护免受的损害或侵犯”时常用结构protect.against/from.来表示，但较大的事件(如天灾)多用against，小事件(如冷气)则用from。(2)在prevent/stop.from doing sth.中的from在主动句中可以省略，而在被动句中不可省。keep.from doing sth.中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。(3)defend.from“保卫以免于”。【语境助记】In summer, many people usually wear dark glasses to protect their eyes from the sun.在夏天，很多人通常戴墨镜以保护眼睛不受阳光的刺激。Something must be done to keep/prevent/stop the environment from_being_polluted.必须采取措施保护环境免受污染。He asked to be put under_police_protection.他请求警方保护。例3、pay attention to 注意 You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live.(P26)你应多关注我所居住的热带雨林【归纳拓展】(1)catch/draw/attract sb.s attention to.吸引某人对的注意focus/fix/concentrate ones attention on/upon.把注意力集中在turn ones attention to.将注意力转向(2)May I have your attention, please?相当于Attention, please！请注意！【名师点睛】pay attention to 中的to为介词，类似短语还有be used to (习惯于)；look forward to (盼望)；get down to(开始着手)；adapt to(适应)等，平时注意积累。【语境助记】We should pay_more_attention_to the needs of older people.我们应该更加关注老年人的需求。You speak English very well, but more attention should be_paid to your written English. 你英语说得非常好，但应多注意书面英语。He stood there, his attention fixed/focused/concentrated on the notice on the wall.他站在那儿，集中注意力看墙上的布告。Its high time that the government should_pay_attention_to/paid_ attention_to the housing problems of the average people.是政府应当关注普通老百姓住房问题的时候了。高频考点三 句型例1、It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but Id like to help as_the_WWF_suggests. (P26)这表明保护野生动植物的重要性，但我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。【归纳拓展】as在句中引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同；像一样”。as作为连词的用法主要有：(1)“如同；按照”，引导方式状语从句；(2)“当时候；一边一边；随着”，引导时间状语从句；(3)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句；(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句(从句使用部分倒装，即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于 as 前面；单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词)；(5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as.as.句型，意为“像一样”(第一个 as 是副词，第二个 as 是连词)。【语境助记】When in Rome, do_as the Romans do.入乡随俗。(在罗马时就要像罗马人那样做。)We dont see things as_they_are;_we see them as_we_are.我们所看见的不是事物的本质，而是自己的样子。As_children_get_older,_they bee more and more interested in everything.随着孩子们一天天长大，他们对所有的事物都变得越来越感兴趣。As_youre_not feeling well, you may stay at home.既然身体不舒服，那你就待在家里吧。Child_as_he_is,_he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，他懂得很多。写出下列句中as的含义aTired as they were, they worked on.尽管b2016浙江高考As I type this, I am in my university dorm room.当时候cAnn wouldnt write down a series of facts in her diary as most people do.按照；如同d2016浙江高考Planning is good as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do.因为；由于例2、They learned this from the_way the bones were joined together.(P30)他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。【归纳拓展】 在含有定语从句的复合句中，the way作先行词时有以下三种情况：(1)关系词在定语从句中作状语，关系词用in_which，that或省略；(2)关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用that或which；(3)关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词用that，which或省略。【名师点睛】way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可以接动词不定式或of doing sth.作定语。【语境助记】Treat others in the_way you want to be treated.己所不欲，勿施于人。The way in_which或that he speaks to us is really annoying.他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。The way that/which_came_up at the meeting was unpractical.在会议上提出的方法不切合实际。Is this the way you can imagine to_reduce/of_reducing the air pollution?这是你能想到的减少空气污染的方法吗？高频考点四 语法现在进行时的被动语态1.含义现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者。2.结构（1）肯定式：主语am/is/arebeing doneThey are building a modern school in his hometown.A modern school is being built in his hometown.(改为被动语态)（2）否定式：主语am/is/arenot being doneA modern school is not being built in his hometown.(把句改为否定句)（3）一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are(not)主语being done?Is a modern school being built in his hometown?(把句改为一般疑问句)（4）特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词am/is/are(not)主语being done?Where is a modern school being built?(对句就in his hometown进行提问) 【2018全国II】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Two weeks earlier. my son . Ben ,had got in touch , hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id _41_ seen him . So imagine my _42_ when he emailed me saying he wanted to e to visit me.I was _43_ ! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to _44_ . The bay was _45_ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little _46_ .I realized one kayak（皮划艇）was in _47_ . “Somethings not _48_ !” I took off my T-shirt and _49_ into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was _50_ violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors . I helped _51_ the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something _52_ to me. Those brown eyes were very _53_ . “Whats his name ?” I asked the instructor. “Ben,” he replied, and immediately I _54_ . That stranger was my son!The instructors called for an ambulance._55_ ,after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to _56_ and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben _57_ to me. “I just want to say thank you,” he said, “You _58_ my life !”I still cant believe what a _59_ it was. Im just so glad I was there _60_ to help my son.41. A. alsoB. oftenC. evenD. last42. A. delightB. reliefC. angerD. worry43. A. scaredB. shockedC. thrilledD. ashamed44. A. talkB. stayC. meetD. settle45. A. bathedB. cleanC. deepD. formed46. A. fasterB. closerC. heavierD. wiser47. A. troubleB. advanceC. questionD. battle48. A. realB. rightC. fairD. fit49. A. staredB. sankC. divedD. fell50. A. arguingB. fightingC. shoutingD. shaking51. A. leadB. persuadeC. carryD. keep52. A. happenedB. occurredC. appliedD. appealed53. A. sharpB. pleasantC. attractiveD. familiar54.A. agreedB. hesitatedC. doubtedD. knew55. A. FortunatelyB. FranklyC. SadlyD. Suddenly56. A. returnB. relaxC. speakD. leave57. A. jokedB. returnedC. listenedD. pointed58. A. createdB. honoredC. savedD. guided59. A. coincidenceB. changeC. pityD. pain60. A. on boardB. in timeC. for sureD. on purpose【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. C 52. B 53. D 54. D 55. A 56. D 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者13年后和儿子见面的情景。在和儿子见面的地点，作者救了一个年轻人，没有想到的是，年轻人竟然是自己13年未见的儿子。41. 考查副词词义辨析。根据空前句中可知，儿子在三岁的时候离开，到现在已经13年了。由此可以暗示出是上一次见面。A. also也；B. often经常；C. even甚至；D. last上一次，故选D项切题。 43. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据第一段可知，作者13年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子要来拜访自己的电子邮件，肯定是欣喜若狂。A. scared惊恐的；B. shocked震惊的；C. thrilled欣喜若狂的；D. ashamed惭愧的。故选C项切题。44. 考查动词词义辨析。根据空前可知，我很早就到了拜伦湾，我们应该在那里见面。A. talk谈话；B. stay停留； C. meet见面；D. settle解决。故选C项切题。45. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，早晨海湾应该是沐浴在阳光里。A. bathed沐浴；B. clean清扫；C. deep深处；D. formed形成。故选A项切题。46. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据常识和下文儿子出现意外情况可知，只有是离的比较近一点，才能意识到一只皮划艇出现意外。A. faster迅速的；B. closer靠近，逼近(其他船只等)；C. heavier重的，沉重的；D. wiser有智慧的；聪明的。故选B项切题。47. 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文儿子出现意外情况可知，一只皮筏艇处于麻烦之中。A. trouble麻烦，困难；B. advance前进，进展；C. question问题，疑问；D. battle战斗，战役。故选A项切题。48. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据上句皮划艇处于麻烦之中可知，某件事不正常。A. real真实的；B. right正确的，正常的；C. fair公平的；D. fit合适的。故选B项切题。49. 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文皮划艇有麻烦和下文我去帮忙救人可知，我脱掉我的T恤衫，跳入水中。A. stared盯着看，目不转睛地看，凝视；B. sank下沉，沉没；C. dived潜水，跳水；D. fell打倒；击倒。故选C项切题。50. 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文a man lying across the middle和下文He was unconscious可知，应该是剧烈的颤抖、摇动。A. arguing争论，辩论；B. fighting打架；C. shouting呼喊；D. shaking摇动。故选D项切题。 53. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文，“Whats his name?”可知，他棕色的眼睛对我来说是很熟悉的。A. sharp锐利的；锋利的；B. pleasant愉快的，快乐的，舒适的；C. attractive有吸引力的；引人注目的；D. familiar亲密的，熟悉的。故选D项切题。54. 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“That stranger was my son”可知，我马上就知道。A. agreed同意，赞成，承认，答应；B. hesitated犹豫，踌躇；C. doubted怀疑；疑惑；D. knew知道，了解。故选D项切题。55. 考查副词词义辨析。根据空后句子可知，应该是幸运地。A. Fortunately幸运地，侥幸地；B. Frankly率直地，坦白地，真诚地；C. Sadly悲哀地，悲伤地；D. Suddenly突然地，忽然地；故选A项切题。56. 考查动词词义辨析。根据空前was well enough可知，应该是被允许出院。A. return返回；报答；B. relax放松，休息；C. speak说；D. leave离开。故选D项切题。57. 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“I just want to say thank you”可知，Ben转向我向我说谢谢。A. joked开玩笑；B. turned转向；C. listened听；D. pointed指出。故选B项切题。58. 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“I helped carry the man out of the water”可知，应该是挽救了我的生命。A. created创造；创作；B. honored尊敬；尊重；给与荣誉；C. saved救，拯救；D. guided指导，指挥；故选C项切题。59. 考查名词词义辨析。我没有想到这是多么巧合的一件事呀!A. coincidence巧合，巧事；B. change改变，变更，变换；C. pity怜悯，同情；D. pain疼痛；痛苦。故选A项切题。60. 考查介词词组词义辨析。我高兴的是我在那儿及时帮助了我的儿子。A. on board在船上；B. in time及时；C. for sure肯定；D. on purpose目的。故选B项切题。 14.【2017北京卷】BInspiring young minds!TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of childrens publishing, bringing a unique bination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month. Sounds too good to be true?Take a look onlineevidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and remend TOKNOW to their friends.Happy Birthday All Year!What could be more fun than a gift that keeps ing through the letterbox every month? The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.SUBSCRIBE NOWAnnual Subscription Europe 55 Rest of World 65Annual Subscription with Gift Pack Includes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription Europe 60 Rest of World 70Refund Policythe subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.59. Why is TOKNOW a special magazine?A. It entertains young parents.B. It provides serious advertisements.C. It publishes popular science fictions.D. It bines fun with plex concepts.60. What does TOKNOW offer its readers?A. Online courses.B. Articles on new topics.C. Lectures on a balanced life.D. Reports on scientific discoveries.61. How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?A. 55. B. 60. C. 65. D. 70.62. Subscribers of TOKNOW would get .A. free birthday presentsB. full refund within 28 daysC. membership of the TOKNOW clubD. chances to meet the experts in person【解析】试题分析：文章介绍了一本杂志TOKNOW Magazine。59细节理解题。根据第一个方框内TOKNOW makes plex ideas attractive and accessible to children,可知TOKNOW杂志让那些复杂的观点变得非常的有吸引力并且孩子们可以接受，有吸引力的东西肯定有趣，故可知答案为D。 61.细节理解题。根据Annual Subscription with Gift Pack所在部Includes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription Europe 60 Rest of World 70，中国属于Rest of World，故是70，答案为D。62.细节理解题。根据最后一句话Refund Policythe subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.可知订阅可在28天内取消，且全额退款，故答案为B。【考点】广告类文章阅读15.【2017北京卷】CMeasles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a eback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, pared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who cant be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.Thats exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make
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