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1.4 Earthquakes单元知识预览项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂，爆发2event n事件；大事3nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.国家的，民族的nationality n国籍4ruin n废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产5suffering n苦难；痛苦suffer v受苦，遭受6extreme adj.极度的extremely adv.7injure vt.损害；伤害injured adj.受伤的injury n伤害，损害8destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭9useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的useful(反义词)use v. & n使用，利用10shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊11rescue n. & vt.援救；营救12trap vt.使陷入困境 n陷阱；困境13electricity n电；电流；电学electric adj.用电的；带电的；发电的electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的14disaster n灾难；灾祸15bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏16shelter n掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处17damage n. & vt.损失；损害18frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的19judge n裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决judgement n判断，判决20express vt.表示；表达n.快车；速递expression n表达expressive adj.有表现力的重点短语1right away立刻 2at an end 结束3in ruins 成为废墟 4dig out 掘出；发现5a(great) number of 许多；大量的 6give out 分发；发出(气味、热等)7thousands of 成千上万 8think little of 不重视；不假思索9blow away 吹走；刮走 10be proud of 以而自豪11instead of 代替 12be trapped in 陷入之中13be known for/as 因为/作为出名14bring in 引进；引来经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。2Itseemedasif the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！3All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。4Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人们为那些家园遭受破坏的幸存者建了住所。必备语法（高级句型）名词性从句（2）晨读范文背诵2018天津卷假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津,你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校,他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队,参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。(1)比赛的时间、地点;(2)邀请他的原因;(3)训练计划将发送其邮箱,请他提出建议。注意:(1)词数不少于100;(2)可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯;(3)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。参考词汇:世界青少年机器人技能竞赛 the World Adolescent Robotics petitionDear Chris,I have good news to tell you. Im looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Jin【参考范文】Dear Chris, I have good news to tell you. The World Adolescent Robotics petition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July so as to promote the development of robotics. What I would like to stress is that it is looking for new members at this moment. I would like to invite you to take part in it, since I know youve just won first prize in the Robotics petition held in your institute and have shown great talent in designing robotics. Therefore, you are the most suitable person, I suppose.The training schedule, in addition to regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national petitions. I will send its details to you by e-mail. I would appreciate it if you give us some advice on how to make it perfect. Im looking forward to your reply. Yours,Li Jin 语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点1burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发【教材原句】In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。【例句研读】(1)She burst out crying for a while, and burst into laughter for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又_，这使我们一头雾水。 （1）突然笑起来(2)We all thought his heart would burst with happiness.我们都认为他心中的快乐快要_了。 （2）爆发出来(3)The police burst in and arrested the gang.警察_逮捕了那帮人。 （3）突然闯进来【归纳拓展】burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然起来 burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然起来；突然发作burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来burst in 闯入burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做(某事)at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下a burst of anger 怒火的迸发【即时巩固】单项填空1. One minute she burst into _, and the next she burst out _. We just couldnt catch her mood at any moment. Acrying; laughter Btears; laughing Ctears; laughter Dcrying; laughing 2.Roses humor was_ make every student burst into_.Aso amused as tolaughterBso amusing as to laughterCsuch thatlaughingDso that laughing【答案】B 完成句子3.After that, he _(突然大哭起来)4.There came _(一阵笑声)5.He blew the balloon _(直到它爆裂为止)【答案】(1)burst out crying/burst into tears (2)a burst of laughter (3)until it burst考点2ruin n. U毁坏；毁灭，崩溃C(pl.) 废墟，遗迹v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭【教材原句】In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。【例句研读】(1)Drink was his fathers ruin and it will be the ruin of him too.酗酒是他父亲_的原因，他也将遭同样的_。（1）失败; 厄运(2)Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.多年的战事已经使得这个地区_。 （2）一片废墟(3)A large number of churches fell to ruin after the revolution. 革命过后，许多教堂_。（3）都毁了(4)The heavy rain ruined our holiday.大雨把我们的假期彻底_。 （4）搞糟了(5)If you go on like this, youll ruin yourself.如果你继续这样下去，你会自己_。 （5）毁了自己【归纳拓展】in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪be the ruin of 成为毁灭(堕落)的原因e/fall to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成句子(1)An earthquake_(使全城到处是颓垣断壁)(leave)(2)Some prewar constructions were abandoned and eventually _(成了废墟)(3)That one mistake _ (毁坏)his chances of getting the job.【答案】(1)left the whole city in ruins (2)fell/came to ruin(3)ruined（4）His future lies _ because he was caught stealing in the shop and put into prison.Aas usualBin ruinsCby mistakeDon purpose【答案】B考点：考查介词短语辨析考点3injure vt. 损害，伤害【教材原句】The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死伤的人数达到40多万。【例句研读】(1)The boy injured his leg.这个男孩把腿_。 （1）弄伤了(2)Your remark may injure her pride.你的话也许会_。 （2）伤她的自尊(3)I didnt mean to do her an injury.我并未打算_她。 （3）伤害【归纳拓展】injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害 injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的do an injury to sb.伤害某人 the injured伤员an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情 injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感【即时巩固】用wound, hurt或injure的适当形式填空(1)His cold behaviour _ her deeply.(2)The bullet_ him in the shoulder.(3)He was _ in the accident.(4)When the girl learned that her boyfriend was _ in the earthquake, she _Ainjured; burst in tearBkilled; burst out tearsCstill alive; burst into tearsDmissing; burst into laughter 考点4shock n. U；C打击；震惊；震动；休克vt. 使震惊，使惊愕【教材原句】People were shocked.人们惊呆了。【例句研读】(1)The news of his wifes death was a terrible shock to him.他妻子去世的消息_。 （1）对他打击太大了(2)He was shocked at her smoking.看到她在吸烟，他很_。 （2）吃惊(3) It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到_。（3）震惊【归纳拓展】be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事It shocked sb. to see/hear.看见/听到使某人震惊。(be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击提示：shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)【即时巩固】(1)_ the sight.这情景使我大为震惊。(2)If you touch a live wire, _如果你摸带电的线，就会触电。(3)The message _这条消息使他震惊。(4)The _ news made all the people present _. Ashocking; shocking Bshocking; shockedCshocked; shocking Dshocked; shocked（5）Have you heard of _ death of Steven Jobs? Yes. It must be_ shock to Apple fans.Athe; theBa; theCthe; aDa; / 考点5bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏【教材原句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。【例句研读】(1)He was sitting with his head buried in a book.他坐着_。（1）埋头看书(2)He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets.他走得很慢，两手_。（2）插在衣袋里(3)After the divorce, she buried herself in her work.离婚后，她_。（3）埋头于工作【归纳拓展】bury oneself in study 埋头研究bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事be buried in thoughts 沉思bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面be buried alive 被活埋；隐居提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。【即时巩固】1. _ in thought, I didnt notice what was happening.AHaving buriedBBuryingCBuriedDTo be buried【答案】C考点：考查形容词用法2._ deep down in the earth for thousands of years, the dead forest has rotted away and bee coalAHaving buriedBBeing buriedCBuriedDTo be buried【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：被埋在了泥土中数万年，死亡的森林已经腐烂变成了煤。动作bury与其逻辑主语the dead forest是被动关系，故用过去分词作原因状语，选C。考点：考查过去分词的用法3. After starting work, Cao spent his evenings _ in his books and was eventually admitted to a secondary technical school.AburyingBburiedCbeing buriedDhaving buried【答案】B考点 : 考查非谓语动词考点6judge v. 断定；判断；判决n. 裁判员；法官；评判员【教材原句】Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。【例句研读】(1)Dont judge a book by its cover. 勿_取人。（1）以貌(2) Judging from/by his accent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音_，他一定是个南方人。（2）判断(3)He was judged to be the best actor of this year.他_今年的最佳男演员。（3）被评为【归纳拓展】judgment n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力 judging by/from 从上看，根据判断judge sb./sth. from/by. 从来判断 judge between right and wrong 判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为 in ones judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法【即时巩固】1. _ from what she said at the meeting, she must have lied to all of us.AJudgedBJudgingCTo judgeDJudge【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查评述性状语：句意：根据她在开会的时候说的话，她一定对我们所有的人撒谎了。Judging by/from是评述性状语“根据来判断”，不需要考虑和后面的主语的关系，选B。2. It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly _ my friend. AignoreBjudgeCrecognizeDrealize【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。A忽视，不理睬；B判断；C认出；D意识到。句意：电影院里如此黑，以至于我几乎不能认出我的朋友来。根据句意说明C正确。3. to be the best one in the group, she had an opportunity to enter for the final petition.AJudgingBTo JudgeCHaving judgedDJudged【答案】D考点：考查分词做状语重点短语精讲考点1right away立刻，马上【教材原句】Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away设想你们家开始摇晃，你必须马上离开。【例句研读】(1)I want it to be sent right away.马上把它发出去。(2)He cleaned the room right away.他立即开始打扫房间。(3)Hes not in the office right now.他现在不在办公室。【归纳拓展】(1)表示“立刻，马上”的短语without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time/right off(2)比较right away/right nowright away“立刻，马上”，相当于at once, in no time。right now“立即，马上；此时此刻”，后一意义比now的语气强，相当于at this very moment。【即时巩固】考点2at an end 终止；结束【教材原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日！【例句研读】(1)The year is at an end.这一年已到_了。（1）年终(2)The meeting came to an end.会议_了。（2）结束(3)Go straight and youll find the hospital at the end of the road.一直往前走，你会在_找到这家医院。（3）这条路的尽头(4)They argued for two hours on end.他们_辩论了两个小时。（4）一连【归纳拓展】bring.to an end (使)结束，终止 e to an end 结束，终止at the end of 在尽头(末) by the end of 到末为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后，终于(后不加 of短语) on end 一连，连续to the end 到底 without end 没完没了make ends meet 收支相抵【即时巩固】英汉互译(1)He didnt answer it right away._(2)立刻给他打电话。(right away)_(3)We will take care of this right away._(4)此刻我们不能谈论这个问题。(right now)_【答案】(1)他没有马上回答。(2)Call/Ring him (up) right away.(3)我们将立刻处理此事。(4)We cant discuss this question right now.考点3a (great) number of 许多；大量的【教材原句】Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.【例句研读】(1)There _ (be) a great number of books in the shelves.(2)The number of guests invited _ (be) 50, but a number of them _ (be) absent for the heavy rain.(3)Quantities of water _ (be) polluted now.(4)A great deal of oil _ (be) poured into the sea and did great harm to creatures in the water.(5)Many a famous writer _(be) an alumnus(撰搞人) of a local newspaper. 【答案】（1）are（2）was；were（3）are（4）was（5）is【归纳拓展】a large/great/good number of; a great/good many; a good few; quite a few可数名词复数many a/more than one单数可数名词单数谓语动词a great/good deal of; a great/large amount of; quite a little不可数名词a lot/lots of; a great/large quantity of; large quantities of; plenty of可数名词复数或不可数名词提示：(1)a number of是“许多，大量”的意思，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。the number of 是“的数目”的意思，谓语动词用单数。(2)large quantities of (pl.)/U做主语，谓语动词用复数。large amounts ofU n做主语，谓语动词用复数。【即时巩固】(1)_(许多学生) find it hard to find an acceptable job after graduation.(number)(2)A great number of new factories _(被建立)in my hometown since 1987.(3)_ (大量的金钱已被花) on the new hospital since 1980.(4)A large number of students in our school _ from the countryside; the number _ growing these years.Ais; has been Bare; has been Cis; have been Dare; have been 考点4. as usual【教材原句】Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual. She is very reliable and I knew I didnt need to encourage her.像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲儿。【例句研读】Lily got up at 6 oclock_（像往常一样），but she realized it was Sunday as soon as she prepared her school bag.Lily像往常一样六点钟起床，但当她准备书包时才意识到那是星期天。【答案】as usual【归纳拓展】usual adj. 通常的；平常的usually adv. 通常地；平常地than usual 比平常【即时巩固】1. Lily got up at 6:00 oclock _ but she realized it was Sunday soon.Aas usualBas possibleCat presentDat last【答案】A【解析】试题分析：词义辨析。A和通常一样；B尽可能；C目前；现在；D最后，终于；句意：Lily和往常一样在六点就起床了。但是她很快就发现是周日。根据句意说明A正确。考点：考查词义辨析2. How often do you eat out? _, but usually once a week.AI have no ideaBIt dependsCAs usualDGenerally speaking【答案】B考点：考查情景交际的用法。经典句型剖析考点1. It seemed as if【教材原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！【句法分析】It seems (to sb.) that. (对某人来说)似乎Sb. seems to do/to be doing/to have done.It seems as if/though. “似乎(好像)”，可接虚拟语气。seem(to be)n./adj. 似乎是There seems to be. 好像有It seems so. (So it seems.) 似乎是那样。【例句研读】It seemed that he had known the truth.He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。His father seems (to be) strict.他父亲似乎很严厉。There seemed to be a voice in the distance.似乎远处有人说话。It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。【拓展归纳】seem/look/appear(1)seem 暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际的判断，后可接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。(2)look 着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与 like连用，但不能与不定式连用。可接 as if从句，不接 that从句。(3)appear 强调外表给人的印象，而且事实往往并非如此。可接 that从句，不接 as if从句。【考点聚焦】考查seem的用法。【即时巩固】1. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing but we seem _ the art of municating face-to-face.AlosingBto be losingCto be lostDhaving lost【答案】B【解析】 考查固定结构。seem to do sth好像要做某事；再根据时间状语Today，应指我们似乎正在失去面对面的交流艺术。所以选B。2. _, nobody was injured in the accidentAAs it may seem strangeBBecause it may seem strangeCStrange as it may seemDStrange as may it seem【答案】C 3.What a noise! I can hardly stand it.It _ as if they are having a party next door.Alooks BseemsCappears Dhappens【答案】B 【解析】C、D项不接 as if从句。A项不合题意。考查 It seems as if.句式。考点2 too . . . to . . .结构【教材原句】In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。【句法分析】too.to. 句型表示“太以至于不能(表否定)”，可转化为 not.enough to.和 so.that.。提示：(1)当 too后接 easy, ready, happy, willing, eager 或 anxious时，to 后的动词表示肯定。例如：The book is too easy to understand.这本书太容易理解了。He was too anxious to leave.他急于离开。(2)too.not to. 句式表示肯定意思。例如：He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。 (3)too.to.中 too前面用了否定词(如 never)时，表示肯定。例如：It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。(4)only too.to.表示肯定，其中 too后的形容词多数是表示某种心情的，如 glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined 等，也有描绘性的形容词，如 good, kind, true等。例如：The girl is only too kind to help us.这姑娘非常乐于帮助我们。【例句研读】The child is too young to dress himself.The child is not old enough to dress himself.The child is so young that he cant dress himself.这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。【考点聚焦】考查too . . . to . . .结构【即时巩固】1.Jim is a kind boy. He is _willing to help his classmates.Aso BsuchCmuch Dtoo【答案】D 【解析】tooglad/pleased/willing.to.表示肯定意义。如用A项应改为 so.as to才对。2. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. A much too heavy B too much heavy C heavy too much D too heavy much【答案】A 3. What do you think of the book I lent to you yesterday ?Oh, not too bad.Its not too difficult_.A reading B.to be read C.to read D.being read【答案】C考点：考查不定式用法考点3 部分否定和全部否定【教材原句】All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。【句法分析】此句为部分否定。all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, plete, pletely, always, all the time, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether 等代词、形容词和副词与否定词 not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。【例句研读】All that glitters is not gold.发光的并不一定都是金子。Both of the brothers dont like the film.兄弟俩不都喜欢这部电影。Not everything went well with him.他并非每件事情都顺利。Not all of the rich are happy.不是所有有钱人都幸福。 The rich are not always happy.有钱人并非总是幸福。You cant fool all the people all the time.你未必总是能愚弄所有的人。【拓展归纳】全部否定用：no one, none, neither, nobody, nothing，以及 not.any/either来表示。None of them are right. 他们都不对。Neither of us will go. 我们俩都不去。Nobody can win me. 没人能赢我。【考点聚焦】考查部分否定和全部否定【即时巩固】1.The exam wasnt difficult at all, was it?No, but I dont believe _could pass it.Asomebody BanybodyCeverybody Dnobody【答案】C【解析】not与 everybody 连用表示部分否定。2.Which of the two puter games did you prefer?Actually I didnt like _.Aboth of them Beither of themCnone of them Dneither of them【答案】B【解析】not. eitherneither 表示全部否定。3. “All the students dont work hard.” means “_”ANot all the students work hard.BEvery student works hard.CNone of the students works hard.DAll of the above.【答案】A【解析】表示整体意义的词用于否定句构成部分否定。句意：不是所有的学生都努力。4. Its impossible for all the people to get jobs because _of them is not fit for them.Aevery oneBallCnot allDnone【答案】A考点：考查代词5. Not all the students follow the rules. Which of the following statement has the same meaning？ANone of the students follow the rules.BAll the students dont follow the rules.CNo students follow the rulesDAll of the above【答案】B考点：考查部分否定
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