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第21课时九年级Units1314,考点一cutdown的用法【课文原句】Well,tocutdownairpollution,weshouldtakethebusorsubwayinsteadofdriving.为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共汽车或者地铁，而不是开车。(九P98),(1)cutdown意为“减少”，是“动词副词”结构的短语，所接的宾语若为名词，宾语可位于down的前面或后面；若为代词，只能位于down的前面。Youdbettercutthearticledowntoabout2，000words.你最好把这篇文章缩减到2000字左右。,(2)cutdown还可表示“砍倒”。Theycutdownthebigtree.他们砍倒了这棵大树。(3)含有cut的短语：cutoff切断；切除cutinto把切成cutup切碎cutin插队；插嘴,1(2018江苏扬州江都模拟)Itisimpoliteforchildrentowhentheirparentsaretalkingwithothers.AcutdownBcutoutCcutinDcutshort,2(2016山东青岛中考)Ourcountryistakingactiontoairpollution.AcutdownBcutupCcutoutDcutoff,考点二表示“花费”含义的单词辨析【课文原句】Itsgoodforhealthanditdoesntcostanything！它对健康有益而且不花钱！(九P98),【辨析】cost,spend,take与pay,3(2017山东济宁中考)Thatonemistakealmosthimhislife.AtookBpaidCcostDspent,考点三beharmfulto的用法【课文原句】Thisisnotonlycruel,butalsoharmfultotheenvironment.这种做法不仅残忍，而且对环境有害。(九P99)beharmfulto意为“对有害”，相当于doharmto或bebadfor。Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.Smokingdoesharmtoourhealth.Smokingisbadforourhealth.吸烟对我们的健康有害。,4(2018福建泉州质检改编)Thefarmchemicalsremainedonthevegetableandfruitaretoourhealth.Yes.Theymaycauselotsofdiseases.AimportantBharmfulCnecessaryDhealthy,考点四dosomethingtodosth.【课文原句】Sharksmaydisappearonedayifwedonotdosomethingtostopthesaleofsharkfins.如果我们不采取行动阻止鲨鱼翅的销售，总有一天鲨鱼会消失的。(九P99),dosomethingtodosth.意为“采取措施去做某事”，相当于takeactiontodosth.“采取行动去做某事”。Peopleshouldtakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.人们应该采取行动来保护环境。,考点五afford的用法【课文原句】Yes,wecantaffordtowaitanylongertotakeaction！是的，我们不能再等了，必须采取行动！(九P100)afford意为“承担得起(后果)；买得起”。常与can,could,beableto等连用，多用于否定句和疑问句中。,Itistooexpensive,andIcantaffordit.它太贵了，我买不起。Wecantaffordtogoabroadthissummer.今年夏天我们没有足够的钱去国外。,5(2018天津中考)Iamafraidwecannottotakeataxi.Letsgobyundergroundinstead.ArefuseBaffordCforgetDfall,考点六pay的用法【课文原句】Ithinkitsagreatideathatyounowhavetopayforplasticbagsinsomestores.我认为现在有些商店塑料袋需要购买这个想法很好。(九P100)(1)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付钱(给某人)买Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租。,(2)payforsth.付的钱Ihavetopayforthebook.我不得不付钱买这本书。(3)payforsb.替某人付钱Dontworry!Illpayforyou.别担心，我会给你付钱的。,(4)paysb.付钱给某人Theypayuseverymonth.他们每月给我们报酬。,6(2015河北中考)Thisfoodisfree.Youdonthavetoit.AlookforBpayforCaskforDwaitfor,考点七throw的用法【课文原句】Doyouoftenthrowawaythingsyoudontneedanymore？你经常把你不再需要的东西扔掉吗？(九P102)throw“扔；抛”，其过去式和过去分词分别为threw和thrown;throwaway意为“扔掉；抛弃”。Youshouldntthrowawayyouroldclothes.你不应该把旧衣服扔掉。,7(2017福建中考改编)Dontthewastepaper.Wecancollectandrecycleit.Youreright.Everyoneshouldbeagreenerperson.AblowawayBputawayCthrowawayDgiveaway,考点八lookback的用法【课文原句】Lookingbackatthesepastthreeyears回望过去的三年(九P107)(1)lookback(at/onsth.)意为“回首(往事)；回忆；回顾”。Wecanlearnsomethingwheneverwelookback.每当回首往事，我们都能学到东西。WhenIlookbackatthosedays,IrealizeIwasveryhappy.当我回想起那些日子，我意识到那时我非常快乐。,(2)look的其他常见短语lookfor寻找lookat看lookup向上看；查找lookafter照顾lookthrough浏览,8(2017湖北黄冈中考)thesepastthreeyears,whichteacherswillyoumissmost?Mr.Jiang.Heshelpedmealot.ALookingbackatBLookingforCLookingthroughDLookingafter,9(2017山东潍坊中考)WhydoyouLiuHulan?Becausesheisagreathero.AlooklikeBlookdownClookoverDlookupto,考点九Itstimetodosth.句型【课文原句】Andnowitstimetograduate现在到毕业的时候了(九P107)Itstime(forsb.)todosth.表示“该(是某人)做某事的时候了”。Tom,itstimetogetup.汤姆，该起床了。,Itstimeforn.(v.ing)意为“该做某事了，到了做某事的时间了”，相当于“Itstimetodosth.”。Bequiet,everyone.Itstimeforclass.大家安静，该上课了。,【拓展】与time相关的句型还有Itsthe序数词timetodosth.表示“某人第几次做某事”，可以与Itsthe序数词timethat从句互相转换。ItsthefirsttimeformetovisitDisneyland.Ifeelsoexcited.ItsthefirsttimethatIvisitDisneyland.Ifeelsoexcited.这是我第一次参观迪士尼乐园。我感到很兴奋。,10(2017黑龙江龙东中考改编)Itstimeformegoodbyetomymotherschool.Iwillneverforgetalllove.Atosay;teachersBsaying;teachersCtosay;teachersDsaying;teachers,考点十firstofall/congratulate的用法【课文原句】Firstofall,Idliketocongratulateallthestudentswhoareheretoday.首先，我想祝贺今天所有在座的同学们。(九P110),(1)firstofall意为“首先”，常放在句首表示次序，后面往往接next,then等，其反义词组为atlast,intheend。Firstofall,letmeintroducemyselftoyou.首先，让我向你做一下自我介绍。,(2)congratulate意为“祝贺”，通常用于“congratulatesb.onsth.”，表示“为某事而祝贺某人”。Shecongratulatedmewarmlyonmygoodexamresults.她热情地祝贺我考试取得了好成绩。,congratulation是congratulate的名词形式，其复数形式常单独使用。Ivegotthefirstprize.我得了一等奖。Congratulations！祝贺！,考点十一thirsty的用法【课文原句】Youwereallsofullofenergyandthirstyforknowledge.你们朝气蓬勃，渴求知识。(九P110)thirsty“渴望的；口渴的”；bethirstyfor意为“渴望；渴求”，后跟名词或动词ing形式作宾语。Wearethirstyforsuccess.我们渴望成功。,11(2015山东淄博中考)Afterthefootballmatch,theplayerswereveryandtired.AcoolBfullClivelyDthirsty,12(2019原创)Thechildrenincountrysidearereallythirstyknowledge.AforBtoCatDof,考点十二setout的用法【课文原句】Asyousetoutonyournewjourney,youshouldntforgetwhereyoucamefrom.在你们踏上新征程时，不要忘记你们来自哪里。(九P110),(1)setout意为“出发；启程”，其后常跟“for地点”，表示出发去某地。Thearmyareabouttosetout.部队就要出发了。LinglingandIwillsetoutforHangzhou.玲玲和我将启程去杭州。,(2)setoutonsth.意为“开始进行新的或重要的事情”。Whenwesetoutonthisproject,weknewitwouldbedifficult.我们开始着手这个项目时就知道它很难。,(3)setouttodosth.意为“着手做某事”，相当于“setaboutdoingsth.”。Atfiveinthemorning,hesetouttodohiswork.清晨五点他就开始工作。Assoonasshegothome,shesetaboutpreparinglunch.她一到家就开始准备午饭。,13(2018湖北随州中考)Asweonournewjourney,weshouldntforgetwherewecamefrom.AtakeoutBsetoutCcutoutDblowout,14(2018山东滨州中考)Peoplenowinmanybigcitieshavetoearlytoavoidtheheavytrafficinthemorning.AsetoutBputoutCtakeoutDgiveout,
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