2019-2020年中考英语复习讲义 第19章 特殊句式.doc

2019-2020年中考英语复习讲义 第19章 特殊句式 倒装句和There be句型是英语中常见的句式。对于倒装句，主主要考察在特定的结构中正确使用部分倒装和完全倒装，以及“so+助动词/情态动/系动词+主语”的用法.对于There be句型的考查则主要注重时态的变化和主谓一致。在学习过程中，耍牢记引起倒装的条件及两类倒装形式的差异，掌握There be句型的基本用法和“就近一致原则.。内容导视第一节倒装句知识点1部分倒装知识点2完全倒装第二节There be 句型知识点2There be 句型的基本结构知识点2There be句型的基本用法知识详单第一节倒装句例装作为一种语法现象，主要包括完全例装(有的书称之为全部倒装)和部分倒装(有的书称之为半倒装或不完全例装)两种。完全倒装就是把谓语动词完全放在主语之前，而部分倒装就是把助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语之前。知识点1部分倒装倒装条件例句一般疑问句中，将助动词放到主语之前，构成部分倒装Do you like eating apples?你喜欢吃苹果吗?特殊疑问句中，疑问词作宾语、表语或状语，需要将其置于句首，将助动词置于主语前构成部分倒装Where have you been these days?这些天你到哪里去了?only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装Only in this way can you improve your grade.只有用这种方法你才能提高自己的成绩。表示否定意义的词或短语，如little, hardly,never，in no case. seldom等，放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone.几乎没有哪一天没有来访者。虚拟条件句中，从句谓语部分中有were, had或should,可省略if，把were，had或should提到主语前Should we succeed ，we would be rich.我们一旦成功就发财了。 so. that”句型中，so+adj. /adv.”位于句首时So fast did he run that we couldnt catch up with him.他跑得如此快，以至于我们赶不上他。表示“也(不) ”的句式，即“so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be+主语”形式.I dont like it; neither do I care it.我不喜欢它，也不在意它。某些含有否定惫义的词位于句首时，如not onlybut also，hardlywhen，nosoonerthan，notuntil等，主句用部分倒装Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。may表示祝愿时用部分倒装May you have a good time!祝你玩得愉快!【易错警示】1.特殊疑问句中，如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，则不用倒装。例如: Who knows the answer to this question?谁知道这个问题的答案?2. “so+主语+谓语”结构不用倒装。例如:-Jimmy is good at playing football.吉米足球踢得很好。-So he is.的确。知识点2完全倒装倒装条件例句表示方向、地点、时间、次序的词，如in, out,up, there, then, here, first等放在句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用完全倒装Here es the bus.公交车来了。Here he es.他来了。分词短语置于句首时，句子用完全倒装Lying on the couch is an old lady.躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。There be句型是全倒装的一种There are a number of teachers and students in the school.在这所学校有很多老师和学生。作表语的such位于句首时Such are the most powerful voices of our times!这些就是我们时代的最强音!【巧学助记】全部倒装并不难，需要记住这几点; 位置副词there句，表语such提句前，介词短语表地点，全部侧装谓在前。第二节There be 句型There be句型是使用非常广泛的一个句型，常用来表示某处有某物或某人，有时可用于表示强调。知识点1 There be 句型的基本结构基本结构肯定句:There be+主语+地点/时间状语There is a boy beside the tree.树旁边有个男孩。否定句:There be + not+主语十地点/时间状语There isnt any meat in the fridge冰箱里没有肉了。一般疑问句:Is/Are + there+主语+其他?-Are there any apples in the basket?篮子里有苹果吗?-Yes，there are.是的，有。/No, there arent不，没有。特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be + there+其他?-How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少人?一There are fifty.有50人。【知识拓展】There be句型的主谓一致问题: 在There be句型中，be动词的单复数形式采取“就近一致原则”，即与临近be的名词保持一致。例如:There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两本书。There are two books and a pen on the desk.【易错警示】There he句型与have的区别:二者均可表示“有”，前者侧重于客观方面，表示“某处有(存在)某人(物)”，不强调归谁所有，而后者表示“有”时，侧重表示“某人拥有某物”，强调的是所有关系; 在表示“某物本身拥有”时，二者也可通用。例如:There is an English storybook on the desk.桌子上有一本英文故事书。I have many English storybooks.我有许多本英文故事书。There are fifteen classes in our school.= Our school has fifteen classes.我们学校有15个班。知识点2 There be句型的基本用法基本时态一般现在时There is/areThere are many desks and chairs in the classroom.教室里有许多课桌和椅子。一般过去时There was/wereThere were thousands of people there.那里有成千上万的人。一般将来时There is going to be/There will beThere is going to be a bridge over the river next year.明年那条河上将有一座大桥。现在完成时There has/have beenThere has been a decrease in traffic accidents.交通事故减少了。【知识拓展】1.根据表达的需要，在there与be之间用上适当的情态动词，构成“There will/may/must/can + be”结构。例如:There must be something wrong with this machine.这机器一定是出问题了。2.除be动词外，其他一些动词也可与there连用。如exist, remain, live, lie, stand, e, enter, arise, occur, follow等。例如:There stands a high building by the river.河边耸立着一座高大的建筑物。3. There be结构的反意疑问句，其附加问句的主语用there，而不用其他词代替。例如:There is a beautiful flower on the floor, isnt there?地板上有朵漂亮的花，不是吗?考点突破 考点1考察倒装句的用法1.(龙东中考)一I have read the book Sence and Sensibility.A. So have I B. Neither have I C. So I haveI解析】选A,答语表示“我也读过这本书”，用“so+助动词+主语”结构，即So have I.2.(云南中考)-Kunming is really a fortable city to live in.-_The weather is pleasant.A. So it is B. So is it C. So it does D. So does it【解析】选A。答语表示“昆明的确如此”，要用“so+主语+谓语”结构.即so it is。3.(宜宾中考)-Im not going swimming this afternoon.一_I have to help my mother do some cleaning.A. So am I B. So I am C. Neither am I D. Neither I【解析】选C。由答语后半句可知，此处表示”我也不去”,故要用“neither + be+主语”结构，故选C.考点2考察There be句型的用法4.(安顺中考)-Why are you in such a hurry, Mike? -There_ an NBA basketball game in ten minutes. A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. are going to be 【解析】选B, There will be结构表示“将有”， D项系动词应该为is；没有There will have和There is going to have结构。故选B,5.(乐山中考)-Im hungry._ there any bread in the fridge, Mum? -None, but we have cakes. Would you like to have one? A. Is B. Are C. Will 【解析】选A, bread为不可数名词，用Is。故选A。6.(云南中考)If there_ no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in nature. A. is B. will be C. has D. will have 【解析】选A。条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，条件从句中缺少系动词，故选A,7.(重庆中考)There_ lots of sheep and pigs on my uncles farm now. A. was B. were C. is D. are 【解析】选D, sheep单复同形.有lots of修饰.系动词用复数形式，句中有now，用一般现在时态。8.(济宁中考)Across from my home,_ a shop which sells things from foreign countries. A. it is B. it has C. there is D. that is I解析】选C, there is 为There be句型，意为“有”.其余三项没有此含义。故选C.