2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 考点精讲 第二节 形容词和副词.doc

2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 考点精讲 第二节 形容词和副词考点一形容词和副词的基本用法及比较等级一、形容词的基本用法1形容词作定语(1)一般情况下，形容词作定语放在被修饰词前。但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词的后面。形容词作定语修饰some，any，every，no和body, thing，one等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. 鲍勃，有什么不对吗？你看上去闷闷不乐。Oh, nothing much. In fact, I was just thinking of my friends. 噢，没什么，其实我只是在想念我的朋友们。以able或ible结尾的形容词可置于前有形容词最高级或only等词修饰的名词后面。This is the only solution possible. 这是唯一可行的解决方法。(2)有些形容词作前置定语和后置定语意义不同。the present people 现在的人们；the people present 在场的人们the absent students心不在焉的学生；the students absent 缺席的学生the concerned teachers 忧心忡忡的老师们；the teachers concerned(与)有关的老师们(3)多个形容词作定语的排列顺序。请记住以下口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。all these last few days 最近的这些日子some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花an old brown woolen carpet一件旧的棕色羊毛地毯2形容词作状语形容词作状语时表示伴随或结果，并不表示动作的方式。He returned home after the heavy work，cold and hungry.劳累了一天后他回到了家，又冷又饿。3复合形容词的构成形式复合形容词是由两个或两个以上的单词通过连字符的连接而合成的形容词。kindhearted 好心的；Englishspeaking 讲英语的；hardworking 勤劳的二、表语形容词表语形容词常作表语或后置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alive, alike，ashamed, well, sorry, unable, worth, sure等。The baby asleep might be awake very soon.正在睡觉的婴儿可能很快就会醒来。三、副词的基本用法1修饰形容词或其他副词，一般位于被修饰词之前。但enough需放在所修饰词之后。Students brave enough to take the adventure course will learn a lot of useful skills.足够勇敢参加这次探险的学生会学到很多有用的技能。2so/as/that/too/how/that修饰形容词加名词时的顺序：so/as/too/how/thatadj.a/ann.。It is too difficult a job for me to finish in so short a time. 在如此短的时间内完成工作对我来说太难了。3表示时间频度的副词always，often，usually，never等多放在行为动词前，系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career.在我选择职业时父母总是鼓励我。4有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。Unfortunately, the real world never behaves so perfectly. 不幸的是， 现实世界从来不会表现得如此完美。5can not/never与enough或too连用表示“无论怎样都不过分”。I cant stress enough the importance of physical exercises.怎么强调体育锻炼的重要性都不为过。四、形容词和副词的比较等级1比较等级的常见句型：(1)两者比较，用“比较级 than”表示。You look much younger than I do.你看上去比我年轻多了。(2)“比较级 and 比较级”表示“越来越”。With summer ing, the day is being longer and longer.随着夏天的到来，白天变得越来越长。(3)“the 比较级，the 比较级”意为“越，就越”。The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。(4)“the 比较级 n. of the two名词”表示“两者之间较的那个”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.那两个男孩中较高的那个是我弟弟。(5)“a(n) 比较级 n”表示“一个更的”。The story is not very interesting. I will tell you a more interesting one.这个故事不太有趣，我会给你讲一个更有趣的故事。(6)as原级adj./adv.as .表示“和一样”。John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.约翰如果踢足球不比大卫好，至少和他踢得一样好。(7)not as/so原级adj./adv.as .表示“不如”。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这工作没有你想象的那么难。2表示倍数的三种句型：(1)倍数as原级adj./adv.as .(2)倍数the size /length/width/depth/height of .(3)倍数比较级than.The building is three times as high as that one.The building is three times the height of that one.The building is twice higher than that one.这座大楼是那座的三倍高。3否定词比较级 最高级I have never seen a better film. 我从未看过比这更精彩的影片(这是我看过的最精彩的影片)。4most前有定冠词时为最高级，但most前无定冠词时没有比较的含义，只是用来加强语气，有“很，非常”之意。This lesson is most difficult, but it isnt the most difficult.这课很难，但并不是最难的。5比较等级前常用的修饰语：a little，a bit，slightly，much，a lot，a great deal，any，far, by far，even，still等。After two years research, we now have a far better understanding of the disease.经过两年的研究，我们现在对这种疾病有了更进一步的了解。考点二形容词和副词的词义辨析近些年对形容词、副词的考查以词义辨析为主，平常要多注意一些常见的形容词、副词的词义及用法，词义辨析重在积累。下面是常见的几组形容词、副词(短语)的词义辨析。1too much，much tootoo much 中心词是much，其用法相当于much的用法。后面常跟不可数名词，或不跟任何词，意思是“太多的”或“太”。too是用来加强much语气的。much too中心词是too，其用法相当于too的用法。后常跟形容词或副词，意思是“非常，太”。much是用来加强too的语气的。The teacher gave us too much homework today. 今天老师给我们留的作业太多了。It is much too hot in some provinces this year.今年几个省的天气太热了。2fairly，quite，rather，pretty，veryfairly语气最轻，往往不带明显的感情色彩，通常意为“还算”。quite语气比fairly稍重，意为“相当”；只有quite可以与不表程度的形容词连用，意为“完全地”。rather/pretty语气比quite稍重，意为“十分，相当”，pretty不如rather正式。只有rather可以与比较级或too连用。very语气最重，意为“很，非常”。Apart from some spelling mistakes, the position is fairly good. 除了一些拼写错误， 这篇文章写得还算不错。I think that it seems quite impossible. 我觉得这似乎完全不可能。He spoke rather too quickly for me to understand. 他说得有些太快了， 我听不懂。Hes a pretty good student, but sports are where he really shines.他是个很好的学生， 可体育运动才是他真正出色之处。3几组意义不同的同根副词 close 接近地；closely 仔细地 hard 努力地；hardly 几乎不 late 晚；lately 最近 most 非常；mostly 主要地 deep 深；deeply 深深地 high 高；highly 高度地 wide 宽阔地；widely 广泛地 slow 慢；slowly 慢慢地He has been working late. 他一直工作到很晚。I havent seen him lately. 我最近没见他。(对应学生用书第232页).用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1Jack regretted forgetting to bring along candles and had to wait _(helpful) in a low mood.2Although he was a great genius，he suffered _(great)3The _(bad) time to fall asleep when driving.4Some researchers said that Mozarts music would make you much _(smart)5I bought her a bouquet of _(colour) sunflowers and taped the envelope to it.6Knowledge，no matter how broad，is _(use) unless it is applied.7The _(busy) time is around spring Festival，because many people go back to their hometowns for family reunions.8I reached the cinema _(hurry)9Imagine how _(surprise) he was!10It is _(possible) for chickens to fly in the sky.11Because we had never seen such a kind of _(usual) notice in a plane before，we were a little surprised.12Steve was brave enough to think _(difference)，bold enough to believe he could change the world，and _(talent) enough to do it.13Arriving there，he was impressed by its _(beauty) scenery and tall buildings.14English is _(wide) used in governments，markets，service centers and other fields.15Forgiveness is _(great) than revenge.16More and more people like to listen to _(classic) music.17Now I have make such great progress in my English surely that I am _(interest) in learning it than before.18Being friendly and polite will make people _(fort) when they talk to you.19A mumber of psychologists have conducted experiment and have reached some _(surprise) conclusions.20God bless you for helping me and _(unselfish) serving others.【答案】1.helplessly2.greatly3.worst4smarter5.colourful6.useless7.busiest8hurriedly9.surprised10.impossible11unusual12.differently；talented13.beautiful14widely15.greater16.classical17.more interested18fortable19.surprising20.unselfishly.语法填空填入一个适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。(以形容词和副词为主)When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport，workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes _1_ contained clothing.No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was _2_(extreme) heavy.It suddenly _3_(occur) to one of the workers to open up the box.He was _4_(astonish) at what he found.A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of _5_ (wool) goods.He was _6_ surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.After he was arrested，the man admitted _7_(hide) in the box before the plane left London.He had had a long and _8_(fort) trip，for he had been confined(关在)to the _9_(wood)box for over eighteen hours.The man was ordered to pay 3，500 for the cost of the trip，which was _10_ expensive than the normal price，which only cost 2，000.【语篇理解】本文讲一个人为少付机票钱而躲在木箱子里长达18个小时，到达后被发现后却被罚了比买机票多得多的钱。1which引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语，先行词是物，用which。2extremely修饰形容词heavy，用副词形式。3occurred此句缺谓语，由上下文可知是叙述过去的事，用一般过去时。4astonished作表语要用形容词；表示“感到惊讶”，用ed形容词。5woolen作定语用形容词形式，woolen表示“羊毛制的”。6so修饰形容词要用副词，由后文的that可知，填so，构成so.that.句型。7hiding因admit后要求用doing作宾语。8unfortable在名词trip前作定语，要用形容词；由长时间躺在箱子里可知，旅途是“不舒适的”，故填unfortable。9wooden形容词作定语，wooden表示“木制的”。10more由than可知前面的形容词要用比较级，故填more。