高三英语宾语补足语的用法.ppt

宾语补足语的用法,英语的五个基本结构S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语,1S十V句式Herunsquickly他跑得快。2S十V十P句式：Thestorysoundsinteresting这个故事听起来有趣。3S十V十O句式Theybuiltahouselastyear他们去年建了一所房子。4S十V十O1十O2句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome他把座位让给我。5S十V十O十C句式Theyfoundherhappythatday他们发现那天她很高兴。Ifoundhimout我发现他出去了。TheynamedtheboyCharlie他们给这个男孩起名为查理。Isawhimcomeinandgoout我见他进来又出去。Theyfeltthecarmovingfast他们感到汽车行驶得很快。Hefoundthedoorofstudyclosedtohim他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,1、名词：Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.,2、形容词：Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.Wedbetterleavethedooropen.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut等。,3、现在分词：Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,5、过去分词：HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.,4、动词不定式：Nobodycouldmakehimchangehismind.Wouldyoulikemetocomealongwithyou?Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：,6此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidntyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.,二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：,1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(Yourroomiscleanandtidy.)Wecouldhearthechildrensingingintheclassroom.(Thechildrenaresingingintheclassroom.),二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：,3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididntwantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.),三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：,1、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.,2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,callon,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor/think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。,3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,listento,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。,四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to的取舍问题：,1、在hear,listento,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe等动词后的不定式需省去to。Ihavemystudentscomeearly.Weoftenhearhimsingthesongathome(=Heisoftenheardtosingthesongathome.)Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenhergrowupfromchildhood.(=Theyknewherverywell.Shewasseentogrowupfromchildhood.)2、help一词后的不定式，可带to，也可以不带to。Wouldyouliketohelpme(to)carrytheluggage,五、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：,Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldntjoinus.注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：feel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。,with复合结构的七种形式,with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。With复合结构指的是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，它是一个十分有用的结构，不仅教材中经常出现，考试中经常考到，而且它也是同学们写作时使句子变得“高级”的一个重要手段,构成：它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。它的作用；用作状语，表示原因，时间，伴随，条件等,形式一with+宾语+形容词Heoftensleepswiththewindowsopen.他常开着窗睡觉。Dontspeakwithyourmouthfull.不要满嘴巴食物说话。,形式二with+宾语+副词Hestoodbeforehisteacherwithhisheaddown.他低着头站在老师面前。Hewaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.他和衣躺在床上。,形式三with+宾语+名词Hediedwithhisdaughteryetaschoolgirl.他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。形式四with+宾语+介词短语Shesaidgood-byewithtearsinhereyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见。Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.他头枕着胳膊睡着了。,形式五with+宾语+现在分词(短语)Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.他没熄灯就睡着了。Iwontbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。,形式六with+宾语+过去分词(短语)Hesattherewithhiseyesclosed.他闭目坐在那儿。Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。,形式七with+宾语+不定式(短语)Icantgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。Withsomanypeopletohelpus,wearesuretofinishitintime.有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。,with复合结构的作用,with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等1)Wesatonthedrygrasswithourbackstothewall.(作伴随状语)2)Shecouldnotleavewithherpainfuldutyunfulfilled.(作原因状语)3)Helayinbedwithhisheadcovered.(作方式状语),4)Jacksoonfellasleepwiththelightstillburning.(作伴随状语)5)Iwontbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.(作原因状语)6)Hesatwithhisarmsclaspedaroundhisknees.(作方式状语),注：with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语，阅读下面的句子。1)TherewasaletterforLannywithaSwissstamponit.（作定语修饰letter）2)Itwasavaststretchofcountrywithcitiesinthedistance.(作定语修饰astretchofcountry）,Practice,单句改错,Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimselfunderstand.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise.-Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!-DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable.,understood,to,warm,5.Dontleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hepushedthedooropening.7.Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.8.Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.9.WhenIcamein,Ifoundaboyhidebehindthedoor.10.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished.,running,open,putting,to,hidden,with,Tellhim_thewindow.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.-Theresaholeinyourbag.-Iknow,Imgoingtohaveit_.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_,todayhewasmade_byhislittlesister.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_acrosstheenemyline.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing,单项选择,5.Ifoundthedoor_whenIgothome.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvised_atonce.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart,10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill_.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_yourbadtooth.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.Hemanagedtomakehimself_withhis_English.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenC.understood;breakingD.understood;broken13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound_.A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposing,Thankyou,