2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 真题分类 情态动词和虚拟语气.doc

2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 真题分类 情态动词和虚拟语气【xx新课标全国卷II】6Since nobody gave him any help，he _ have done the research on his own.Acan BmustCwould Dneed【解析】分析主从句逻辑关系，主句是对从句表达的原因的一种猜测，must have done想必/准是/一定做过某事，符合主从句之间的逻辑关系。本题句意为“既然没人给他帮忙，那他肯定是自己做的研究。”can have done用于疑问句或否定句中，表示对过去情况的推测；would have done表示过去将来完成时或用于虚拟语气中；need have done通常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“本不必做某事却做了”。【答案】B【xx北京卷】35You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain.Well, I dont know. It_do.Amight Bneed Cwould Dshould【解析】题干的意思是：“你不必带伞。不会下雨的。”“哦，我不知道。也可能会下。”might或许，可能，表示有一定的可能性；need必要，需要；would会，表示意愿；should应该，表示义务。由I dont know可知，此处不确定，有一定的可能性，用might，故A项正确。掌握题干中的关键信息(如Im not sure，I dont know等不确定的语气)是解题的关键。【答案】A【xx天津卷】9No one _ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.Acould BmustCdare Dneed【解析】句意：“没人比他更慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。”“No one could be more generous”是否定词和比较级连用，表达最高级含义，A项could可以在否定句中表示推测，为正确答案。B项表推测，只用在肯定句中，dare和need不符合句意。【答案】A【xx重庆卷】26What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure, but I_go to the Rolling Stones concert.Amust BwouldCshould Dmight【解析】句意：你这个周六做什么？我不确定，但是我或许会去滚石演唱会。根据答语的前半句“我不确定”可知，空格处应填表示“可能，或许”意思的词语。A项表示“必须”；B项表示“将要”；C项表示“应该”；D项表示“可能，或许”。所以答案为D。【答案】D【xx浙江卷】3I _ myself moreit was a perfect day.Ashouldnt have enjoyedBneednt have enjoyedCwouldnt have enjoyedDcouldnt have enjoyed【解析】题干的意思是：“我从未玩得更开心过这是完美的一天。”shouldnt have done表示“本不应该做而事实上已经做了”；neednt have done表示“本没有必要做而事实上已经做了”；wouldnt have done用于虚拟语气；couldnt have done表示“不可能做过”。此处用not和比较级连用表达最高级的含义，意为“从未比这更高兴过”。所以正确答案为D项。【答案】D【xx辽宁卷】31Harry is feeling unfortable.He _ too much at the party last night.Acould drinkBshould drinkCwould have drunkDmust have drunk【解析】句意：Harry(现在)感觉不舒服。昨天晚上在宴会上他肯定喝多了。此处表示对过去动作的肯定推测，应该用“情态动词havedone”结构，故排除A项和B项；C项不表示推测，而是虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反的情况；must have done意为“(过去)肯定做过某事”，表示对过去事情的肯定推测。【答案】D【xx四川卷】5Why are your eyes so red? You_have slept well last night.Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.Acant BmustntCneednt Dwont【解析】题干的意思是：你的眼睛为什么这么红？你昨晚肯定没有睡好。是的，我熬夜写了一篇报告。cant have done意为“不可能做过”，表示对过去事情的否定推测。由题中的关键信息stayed up late writing a report“熬夜写报告”可推测昨晚没有睡好，所以选A。mustnt表示“禁止”，neednt表示“没必要”，wont表示“不愿意”，均不合题意。【答案】A【xx安徽卷】34It _ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.Amay BcouldntCshould Dneednt【解析】句意：你难以完成那道练习题，不可能是词汇量的原因，因为你掌握了大量的词汇。根据原因状语从句because you know a lot of words可知，主句应该是否定的，A项和C项可排除。neednt表示“不必”。此处为对可能性的推测，couldnt表示“不可能”。【答案】B【xx江西卷】29When I was a child, I_watch TV whenever I wanted to.Ashould BcouldCmust Dneed【解析】句意：当我是个孩子时，想什么时候看电视就什么时候看。should意为“应该”；could意为“可以，能够”；must意为“必须，应该，一定”；need意为“需要”。故由句意可知选B项。【答案】B【xx新课标全国卷I】29The door _ open，no matter how hard she pushed.Ashouldnt BcouldntCwouldnt Dmightnt【解析】本题考查情态动词的否定用法。句意：无论她怎样用力推，这扇门就是不开。A项shouldnt“不该”；B项couldnt“不能”；C项wouldnt“不肯，不愿意”；D项mightnt“可能不”。根据句意可知，四个选项中只有C项wouldnt在用于表示过去的否定句中时，表示拒绝，可译为“不肯/愿意，总是不”等。这里门好像有了意愿一样和她作对，这是一种拟人的用法。其他三个选项在语法上、逻辑上或者句意上都不符合题意，故排除。【答案】C【xx湖南卷】32He_sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.Awouldnt BshouldntCcouldnt Dmustnt【解析】wouldnt表示“不会”；shouldnt表示“不应该”；couldnt表示“不能”；mustnt表示“禁止”。根据语境可知，他显然是“不能”入睡，根据句中的although he tried to可知这里说的是过去的事情，所以用cannot的过去式，故选C项。题干的意思是：“尽管他想努力睡着，但还是无法入眠。此时他就开始寻找睡着的办法，直到找到为止。”【答案】C【xx陕西卷】21The children_lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.Amust have got Bmust getCshould have got Dshould get【解析】题干的意思是：“孩子们一定是在森林中迷路了；否则的话他们会按计划在湖边露营的。”从题干中otherwise后面表达的情况来看，前半句应该是表示对过去的肯定推测，所以要用must have done结构，意为“一定/想必已经”。【答案】A【xx北京卷】34If we_a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.Ahave booked BbookedCbook Dhad booked【解析】题干的意思是：如果我们早订张桌子的话，我们就不会站在这儿排队了。根据语境可知，此处是if引导的虚拟条件句，从句叙述的是与过去事实相反的情况，因为“我们没有早订桌子”，谓语动词用had done；而主句叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，“现在我们正站着排队”。故正确答案为D项。【答案】D【xx天津卷】14If he had spent more time practising speaking English before，he _ able to speak it much better now.Awill be Bwould beChas been Dwould have been【解析】句意为“如果以前他花更多时间练习说英语的话，现在他英语就会说得好多了”。由从句中的had spent可知从句与过去事实相反；由主句中的now可知主句与现在事实相反，故用would be。本题实际上是考查错综时间的虚拟语气。【答案】B【xx重庆卷】29It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we_.Ahadnt BhaventCdidnt Ddont【解析】句意：今天早晨下了倾盆大雨，我很高兴我们带了雨伞。是的，如果我们没带雨伞我们就要全身湿透了。从句子意思我们得知，实际上我们在过去是带了雨伞的，故“我们没带雨伞”是对过去的一种假设和虚拟，所以空格处应用过去完成时。四个选项中，只有A项表示过去完成时，所以答案为A。【答案】A【xx浙江卷】8Eye doctors remend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.Awas BbeCwere Dis【解析】题干的意思是：“眼科医生建议孩子第一次视力检查应该在六个月大的时候进行。”remend建议，后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should do形式，should可以省略，所以正确答案为B项。【答案】B【xx福建卷】30Do you think George has passed the driving test?No.If so，he _ his car to our college yesterday.Awould drive BdroveCwould have driven Dhad driven【解析】题干的意思是：“你认为乔治已经通过驾照考试了吗？”“没有，如果他通过了，昨天他就会开车去我们学院了。”由题干中的关键信息no和If so以及对话内容可知事实是“昨天他(乔治)并没有开车去我们学院”，所以此处是对发生在过去的一个事实的假设，要用虚拟语气，即用“wouldhave过去分词”形式。解答这类题目需要抓住句中的关键信息，准确理解句子含义和题目所提供的语境。【答案】C【xx安徽卷】28I _ to my cousins birthday party last night，but I was not available.Awent Bhad goneCwould go Dwould have gone【解析】句意：昨晚我本应该去参加我堂妹的生日聚会，但我没有空。I was not available表示的是过去的真实情况，为一含蓄条件，相当于if I had been available(如果我有空的话)，此处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气，主句应使用“would/might/could/shouldhave done”结构，故选D项。【答案】D【xx江苏卷】30I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious.Athought Bwould thinkChad thought Dhave thought【解析】句意：如果我当时想到你是认真的，我就不会笑了。根据主句中should not have laughed可知，本句所讲的与过去事实相反。if引导非真实条件句表示与过去事实相反时，从句谓语结构为had done。【答案】C【xx陕西卷】12My mom suggests that we_eat out for a change this weekend.Ashould BmightCcould Dwould【解析】题干的意思是：“我妈妈建议这个周末出去吃饭，换换口味。”suggest作“建议”讲，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，也就是从句中的谓语部分要用should do形式，should可以省略；另外要注意的是suggest作“表明”这一含义讲时，其后宾语从句不用虚拟语气。【答案】A【xx江西卷】22We have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay notBneedntCcantDmustnt 【答案】B【考点】考查情态动词的用法【解析】may not不可以，neednt不需要，cant不可能， mustnt绝不可能本句句意为：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。【xx湖南29. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have hadB. had hadC. haveD. had【答案】D【考点】此题考查条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。【解析】从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时态 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一般过去式表对现在的假设 【xx重庆卷】25.-_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would【考点】情态动词用法【答案】 C【解析】句意：“你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。【xx辽宁卷】24. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. A. might B. could C. shall D. will【考点】情态动词【答案】C【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。【xx四川卷】19. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I _ do in China.A. must B. might C. can D. should 【答案】 B 【考点】本题考查情态动词。【解析】句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。【xx陕西卷】17. If may car _more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. was B. had beenC. should be D. would be【答案】B 【考点】考查虚拟语气。【解析】根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。【xx陕西卷】23.I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. A. wont B. cant C. can D. will 【答】B 【考点】考查情态动词。【解析】所填情态动词与too 构成固定句型cant/couldnt too，意思是：再都不为过，选B。【xx北京卷】33. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced【答案】 C。【考点】虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能。【解析】虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能。【xx北京卷】35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been【答案】B。【考点】虚拟语气考点。【解析】对现在的虚拟用were。【xx全国II】17. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need【答案】A【解析】此处考查了can的本意“能”，表示“能力”。句意：我要和John一起去欧洲度假，如果我能找到钱。【考点】考查情态动词的用法。15. 【xx天津卷】 We wouldnt have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _us a ride home.【D】A. didnt offer B. wouldnt offer C. hasnt offeredD. hadnt offered【xx天津卷】8 Its quite warm here; we _turn the heating on yet.【C】A. couldnt B. mustntC. neednt D. wouldnt【xx全国新课程】30. I use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train es by my house.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【答案】D【解析】此处考查情态动词，neednt+动词原形表示：没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【xx山东卷】30. If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent madeB. wouldnt makeC. didnt make D. hadnt made【答案】D【解析】在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会这样成功。【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【xx福建卷】31. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_more places of interest yesterday.A. visitedB. had visitedC. would visit D. would have visited【考点】本题考查虚拟语气的用法【答案】D【举一反三】情态动词have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。高考对情态动词表示虚拟用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考，主要侧重should （not）have done 这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事，在复习时，还应关注其它几种虚拟形式，如need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。 【xx江苏卷】28.Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, butsay where he was.A. mustntB. shouldntC. wouldntD. mightnt【考点】情态动词would 【答案】C【解析】mustnt意为“禁止”；shouldnt意为“不应该”；wouldnt意为“不愿意”；mightnt意为“或许不”。句意为：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切很好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。根据句意可知，应选C项。【xx安徽卷】31. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live【答案】D【考点】 考查情态动词。【解析】在表示将来的情况下，主句中第一人称可用should，其他人称用would；从句中任何人称都用should,不可用would.此处were to live用于虚拟语气，表示与将来的事实相反。【2011全国卷,32】They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should【答案】D【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。【2011全国卷II,8】If you smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may【答案】C【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去抽。”must (表示主张)一定要，坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求，选C。【2011北京卷,24】I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He e. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not【答案】D【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他？别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的he wasnt certain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。【2011北京卷,28】Where are the children? The dinners going to be pletely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been【答案】A【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。【2011北京卷,30】Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying【答案】C【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。【2011天津卷,15】I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had e B. was ing C. would e D. would have e【答案】D【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didnt know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。【2011上海春招,27】Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustntB. wontC. mightntD. shouldnt【答案】B【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustnt禁止，不允许；wont不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；mightnt可能不；shouldnt不应该。根据句意选B。【2011江苏卷,34】I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen【答案】B【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。【2011福建卷,25】Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you , in case he es late for the meeting .A.will B.must C.may D.can【答案】B【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗？恐怕你得这样做，以防他开会迟到。”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。根据后半句，选B。【2011福建卷,34】Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attended C.would sttend D.would have attended【答案】D【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。【2011安徽卷, 26】What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced【答案】C【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“你对将来的商店购物怎么看？我个人认为会与在家购物并存，但商店购物不会被取代。”根据I think it will exist along with home shopping，排除虚拟的选项D，这是表示将来的时间，考虑到被动语态，选C。【2011浙江卷,11】Hows your new babysitter?We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt【答案】D【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“你的新保姆怎么样？找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们很喜欢她。”should应该；might可能，可以；mustnt禁止；couldnt不可能。根据句意选D。【2011四川卷,20】The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they .A.can B.may C.must D.should【答案】A【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。”can可以，能够；may可能，许可；must必须；should应该。根据句意，选A。【2011重庆卷,25】Why didnt you e to Simons party last night? I wanted to ,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should【答案】C【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“昨晚你为什么没来参加Simon的聚会？我想来的，但我妈妈就是不愿我这么晚出来。”could可以，能够，表示可能性或用于婉转语气；might可能，表示不确定；would愿意，偏要，表示意志；should应该，表示建议、命令、决定等。根据题意选C。【2011陕西卷,22】I_through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone【答案】A【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选A。【2011陕西卷,24】Will you read me a story ,Mummy? OK. You_have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall【答案】D【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“妈妈，可以读一个故事给我听吗？好的，如果你马上上床睡觉的话。”shall 用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，题中是母亲对儿子的承诺，故选D。【2011湖南卷,28】No one _ be pared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.A. can B. need C. must D. might【答案】A【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“在打篮球方面没人能比得上姚明。”can可以，能够；need需要；must必须；might可能。故根据题意，选A。【2011辽宁卷,21】If you go, at least wait until the storm is over.A. can B. may C. must D. will【答案】C【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“如果你非得走话，至少也要等到这暴风雨过去后。”can可以，能够；may 可能，许可；must(表示主张)一定要，坚持要；will将要，愿意。根据后句的劝告，选C。【2011江西卷23】It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock.A. mustnt B.cant C.wont D.neednt【答案】B【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。”mustnt 禁止，不允许；cant 不可能；wont 不愿意，就是不，偏不；neednt 不需要。根据后一句中“现在仅仅是六点”，only一词肯定语气强烈，前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。【2011江西卷28】We _Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put【答案】D【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示，yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。