2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 真题分类 动词和动词短语.doc

2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 真题分类 动词和动词短语【xx新课标全国卷I】23Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may cause problems to your lungs.Acheck BallowCstop Dhelp【解析】本题考查动词的意义辨析。A项check“检查，核对”；B项allow“允许”；C项stop“停止”；D项help在这里不表示“帮助”，而是表示“control it or stop it happening”。根据句意“既然咳嗽可能引起肺病，那么你能不咳嗽就尽量不要咳嗽”可知，more than you can help是“除非忍不住；尽量控制”的意思。故答案选D项。【答案】D【xx新课标全国卷II】8The watch was very good，and he _ 20 percent down for it.Apaid BcostCbought Dspent【解析】本题四个选项都为常见动词，都可以表示“花费”。本题题意为“这块手表很好，他先付了20%的订金”。pay.down(或pay down)付押金，付订金，符合题意。要注意以下表示“花费”的句式：sb.pay(s) money for sth.某人花钱买某物，主语为“人”，符合题意，故选A。sth.cost(s) sb.money某物花费某人多少钱，主语为“物”；sb.buy(s) sth.for money某人买某物花多少钱，for后面接money；sb.spend(s) money on sth.某人花钱买某物，主语为“人”，与介词on搭配。解答这道题目需要抓住句中的关键信息词down和for。【答案】A【xx天津卷】2If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to _ a hand.Alend BshakeCwave Dwant【解析】句意：“如果你有麻烦，迈克总是愿意伸出援助之手。”lend a hand意为“伸出援助之手”，符合语境。shake a hand意为“握手”，wave a hand意为“挥手”，want a hand意为“需要帮忙”，均与句意不符。【答案】A【xx浙江卷】9When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to _ it with important points.Aconclude BleadCavoid Dhold【解析】题干的意思是：“小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要用几条要点作为结束。”conclude(使)结束，conclude.with以结束，符合题意。lead领导，引领；avoid避免，回避；hold容纳，举行。其中nearing its end为重要信息提示。【答案】A【xx福建卷】24Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which _ spending quite a lot of time with students.Aenjoys BinvolvesCpractices Dsuggests【解析】首先了解四个选项的汉语意思。enjoy表示“享受，喜欢”；involve表示“需要；包括；涉及，牵涉”；practice表示“练习，实践”；suggest表示“建议”。由题干中的关键信息a job以及spending.time.可知此处应填involve，意为“需要”。本题的意思是：“米歇尔找到了一份中学老师的工作，这份工作需要花费相当多的时间和学生在一起。”【答案】B【xx江苏卷】23The town is so beautiful! I just love it.Me too.The character of the town is well _.Aqualified BpreservedCdecorated Dsimplified【解析】本题中四个选项都为常见动词，句中使用过去分词作表语，具有形容词的性质。be qualified合格的，有资格的；be well preserved保存完好的；be well decorated装饰得很漂亮的；be simplified被简化的。根据句意：这座小镇是如此美丽！我实在是喜欢它。我也是。小镇的特色保存得很完好。可知选B项。【答案】B【xx湖北卷】23While intelligent people can often_the plex, a fool is more likely to plicate the simple.Asacrifice BsubstituteCsimplify Dsurvive【解析】根据语境，这里用simplify与后面的simple呼应，plex与后面的plicate呼应。另外三个选项的含义为：sacrifice“牺牲”；substitute“代替”；survive“幸存”。句意：聪明人经常能把复杂的事情简单化，而愚蠢的人更可能会把简单的问题复杂化。【答案】C【xx湖北卷】24According to the law, all foreigners have to_with the local police within two weeks of arrival.Aassociate BdisputeCnegotiate Dregister【解析】这里说的是在警署登记注册，用register表示“登记，注册”，register with表示“在处登记”。associate“将联系起来”；dispute表示“异议，争论，争吵”；negotiate“协商；谈判”。句意：按照该法律，所有外国人在到来的两周内必须到当地警署登记。【答案】D【xx江西卷】31She_the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.Aconnected BfittedCequipped Dmatched【解析】选项中四个单词均为动词：connect意为“连接”；fit意为“(使)适合”；equip意为“装备，配备”；match意为“使相配，使相称”。句意：她装饰了一些非常好看的窗帘，使之在颜色上与地毯相配。故D项符合语境。【答案】D【xx浙江卷】17Bears _ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.Apack up Bbuild upCbring up Dtake up【解析】题干的意思是：“熊在整个夏天和秋天储存脂肪，以便有足够的能量维持它们冬眠期的生命。”pack up停止工作，收拾行装；build up逐渐增加，逐渐积累，逐渐增强；bring up教育，抚养；呕吐；take up从事，开始。根据题干的意思可知正确答案为B项。题干中have sth.to last sb.结构意为“足够某人使用/维持”。【答案】B【xx新课标全国卷I】30At the last moment，Tom decided to _ a new character to make the story seem more likely.Aput up Bput inCput on Dput off【解析】本题考查动词短语的语意辨析。A项put up“搭建，张贴”；B项put in“把放进”；C项put on“穿上，上演”；D项put off“推迟”。根据句意“在最后一刻，汤姆决定添加一个新的角色，从而使得这个故事显得更加真实”可知，答案选B项，put in有“加入，添加”的意思。【答案】B【xx新课标全国卷II】2Would you like to _ with us to the film tonight?Ae along Be offCe across De through【解析】首先了解四个选项的汉语意思。A项e along“一起来”；B项e off“成功，举行”；C项e across“偶尔；偶然发现”；D项e through“穿过；传来；(健康)恢复”。题干的意思是：“今晚和我们一起去看电影好吗？”根据with us及题意可知选A。【答案】A【xx天津卷】8I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasnt able to _.Aget away Bdrop inCcheck out Dhold on【解析】本题四个选项都是常见动词词组。get away脱身，逃离；外出度假；drop in顺便拜访；check out检查，核实；hold on坚持。根据but可知后面的wasnt able to_与前面的had hoped to take a holiday构成转折关系，故get away符合题意。本题句意为“我本希望今年去度假，但是没能去成”。【答案】A【xx福建卷】28Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks _ in disasters.Aturn down Bturn outCbreak down Dbreak out【解析】首先了解四个选项的汉语意思。turn down表示“调小；拒绝”；turn out表示“生产；结果是，证明是”；break down表示“出故障”；break out表示“(战争、疾病等的)爆发”。由题干中的关键信息oldfashioned phones matter和in disasters可知此处填break down“出故障”。本题的意思是：“在灾难中，当无线网络出故障时，老式电话就(显得)很重要了。”【答案】C【xx辽宁卷】32Briggs will _ as general manager when Mitchell retires.Aget away Btake overCset off Drun out【解析】get away意为“走开；逃脱惩罚”；take over意为“接管；接任”；set off意为“出发；动身”；run out意为“用完；耗尽”。根据retires(退休)可得知答案。句意：当Mitchell退休时，Briggs将会接任总经理的职务。【答案】B【xx江苏卷】29Team leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.Aget over Blook overCtake over De over【解析】本题中四个选项均为常见的动词短语。get over克服，恢复，熬过，look over查看，仔细检查；take over接收，接管；e over过来，来访。根据句意“团队领导者必须确保所有成员克服他们发自内心的渴望想要避免犯错所带来的尴尬。”可知，A项为正确答案。【答案】A【xx湖北卷】26In much of the animal world, night is the time_for sleeppure and simple.Aset aside Bset downCset off Dset up【解析】这里pure and simple表示“完全，不折不扣”，用来指某事只有唯一的原因。这里用set aside表示“留出，拨出(时间等)”，表示这段时间就是用来睡觉的。set down“写下”；set off“出发，引起”；set up“建立”。句意：在大多数动物世界里，夜晚就是完全用来睡觉的时间。【答案】A【xx安徽卷】22Before you pay a visit to a place of interest，look in your local library _ a book about it.Aon BatCfor Dto【解析】句意：在你到某一旅游胜地去游览之前，先在你当地的图书馆找本有关的书看看。本题考查动词短语look for，因为in your local library这一地点状语插入其中，从而增加了识别的难度。实际上，本句也可以表达为：.look for a book about it in your local library.故选C项。【答案】C【xx安徽卷】26Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they _ on their life journey.Agive up Bsettle downCget through Dset off【解析】give up放弃；settle down定居，(使)安静下来；get through完成，读完，通过，用完；set off出发，(使)开始，引起。句意：依照惯例，为激励自己，大学生在踏上人生旅程之前会举行一场毕业典礼。根据句意应选D项。【答案】D【xx江西卷】27Mother always plains that children_their shoes very quickly.Afind out Bwash outCwear out Dset out【解析】四个选项均为动词短语：find out意为“查明”；wash out意为“洗净”；wear out意为“用坏，穿破”；set out意为“动身，出发”。句意：妈妈总是抱怨孩子们很快就把鞋子穿烂了。根据语境判断，此处用C项最为合适。【答案】C【xx陕西卷】25My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has_.Acut out Bcut downCcut up Dcut off【解析】cut out裁剪，戒掉；cut down削减，压缩，缩减；cut up切碎，切开；cut off切断，隔断，断绝。由语境My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking可知说话者的叔叔并没有“戒掉”吸烟，从后面的but at least的转折可以得知“他减少了吸烟的量”。因此该题的正确答案为B。题干的意思是：“我叔叔虽然没能戒掉吸烟，但是至少他吸得少了。”【答案】B【xx湖北卷】 25Butterflies_a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.Acarry on Bfeed onCput on Dfocus on【解析】四个动词短语的主要含义：carry on“继续”；feed on“吃，以为食”；put on“上演，穿/戴上”；focus on“聚焦于”。句意：蝴蝶以花卉产生的一种甜甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和别的昆虫则采集这种液体。根据句意选B，表示“吃，以为食”。【答案】B【xx江西卷】30We were all agreed that the cottage would a perfect holiday home for the family.AmakeBturnCtakeDhave【答案】A【解析】句意：我们一致同意，这个小舍将会给我们的家庭营造一个完美的假日家园。make表“可以用作，可发展为”，与for连用。turn表示“变为”，一般后跟into。【xx辽宁卷】26. Rod loves clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. A. taking apart B. giving away C. making up D. turning off【答案】D 【考点】考查动词短语辨析。【解析】break in打断； 闯入； 开始工作；break up结束，散开；分解；break out爆发；break down崩溃，垮掉；出毛病；抛锚。题干意思是：他时不时地停下来擦去额头的汗水，因为空调出毛病了。选D。【xx全国II】12. We _ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A. set about B. set up C. set out D. set down【答案】C【解析】此处set about开始做. . .，后接名词、动名词；set up建立；set out开始做. . .，后接不定式；set down写下，记下。根据to paint可知选set out。句意：那天我们开始粉刷整个房子但只完成了前面的部分。【考点】考查动词短语的含义。【xx天津卷】13. Parents and children should municate more to _the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.【B】A. openB. narrowC. widenD. leave【答案】B【解析】此处put out熄灭； put down记下，写下；put away收拾，把东西放好；put together放在一起。句意：Mary非常擅长在课上记笔记。她能把她的老师说得每个词写下来。【考点】考查动词短语的含义及语境理解。【xx浙江卷】15.Armed with the information you have gathered, you can_ preparing your business plan.A. set outB. set aboutC. set offD. set up【考点】动词词组词义辨析。【答案】B【解析】根据句意：有这么些个你所收集的信息，你可以着手（set about doing sth.）准备你的商业计划了。set out to do sth.着手；set off出发；set up建立，均不符合语境，故排除。【xx浙江卷】12. According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to_from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.A. differB. shrinkC. failD. decline【考点】动词词义辨析。【答案】D【解析】根据句意：根据科学家研究，我们的精神气在22岁达到高峰值之后便从27岁开始下滑（decline）。differ不同；shrink缩水；fail失败、衰竭，均不符合语境，故排除。【xx湖北卷】 21. Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to _ our schools campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.A. sponsorB. launchC. organize D. plan【答案】A【考点】考查动词辨析。【解析】该句意为：两位律师捐赠了5，0000美元赞助我校“帮助贫困生”活动A项意为“赞助”，符合句意；B项意为“发射，开办”，C项意为“组织”，D项意为“计划”，都与句意不符。故A项正确。【xx湖北卷】22. Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and ments on my paper and _ every page of my draft.A. approvedB. quotedC. polishedD. folded【答案】C【考点】考查动词辨析。难度中等。【解析】句意为：最后，我要感谢我的辅导老师，他给我的论文提出了很多批评和建议，并对每张稿件作了推敲。C项意为“推敲”,符合句意,故C项正确。A项意为“通过”，B项意为“引用”，D项意为“折叠”，都与句意不符。【xx湖北卷】23. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to _ his courage.A. hold up B. keep up C. set up D. take up【答案】B【考点】考查动词短语辨析。难度中等。【解析】句意为：独自在黑暗中行走，男孩吹口哨保持勇气。B项意为“维持，不使低落”，符合句意。A项意为“举起”，C项意为“建立”，D项意为“拿起”，都与句意不符。【xx湖北卷】24. Im so glad youve e here to _ this matter in person.A. lead to B. see to C. turn to D. refer to【答案】B【考点】考查动词短语辨析。难度中等。【解析】句意为：很高兴你能来亲自负责这起事件。B项意为“负责”，符合句意；A项意为“导致”，C项意为“向求助”，D项意为“参考”，都与语意不符。【xx江苏卷】26. OK, Ive had enough of it. I give up.You cantyour responsibilities.A. run off with B. run up against C. run out ofD. run away from【考点】动词短语辨析。【答案】D【解析】run away from意为“逃离，躲避”，run off with意为“偷走；与私奔”；run up against意为“偶遇”；run out of意为“用完”。句意为：好了，我已受够了，我放弃。你不能逃避你的责任。根据句意，应选D项。【xx安徽卷】28. The athletes years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. A. went on B. got through C. paid off D. ended up 【答案】C【考点】考点本题考查动词词组。【解析】pay off使人得益，有报偿；付清某人的工资，偿清欠款等等；对某人或某事进行报复 。 【2011全国卷,34】William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .A.disappear B.fall C.fail D.damage【答案】C【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】disappear消失，不复存在；fall降落，跌倒，降低；fail (指健康)衰退, 衰弱；damage损害, 毁坏, 加害于。句意为“William 发现阅读越来越困难了，因为他的视力开始衰退了。”“increasingly difficult越来越困难”是个渐进的过程，故选C。【2011全国卷II,10】Mary, I_John of his promise to help you. A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised【答案】B【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“玛丽，我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。”remind of就提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起；warn含有警告的意思。【2011天津卷,6】I a bank account after I made1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.A.borrowed B.opened C.entered D.ordered【答案】B【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“暑假兼职打工挣了1000美元后，我在银行开了帐户。”open a bank account在银行开帐户。【2011江苏卷,28】Are you still mad at her?Not really, but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me.AdenyBrefuseCrejectDdecline【答案】A【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“你还生她的气吗？不见得，但是我不否认她的话伤害了我。”deny否认，否定；refuse，reject，decline都是拒绝的意思。not deny无法否认。故选A。【2011福建卷,28】Id prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence.A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve【答案】D【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“我宁愿保留我的判断直到我发现所有的证据。”reserve预订或保留(座位、住处等)，推迟，留到以后，与后面的until相一致。【2011安徽卷,21】As the story_, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops【答案】D【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“随着故事的展开，这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被解开了。”develop开发, 发展，把(主题或情节)逐步展现出来。根据句意选D。【2011湖北卷,26】Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also_ our thinking.A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve【答案】B【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“如果我们想要获得成功，知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限制我们的思维。”direct指示, 指引，导演（戏剧或电影）；指挥（管弦乐队）；limit限制；change改变；improve改进，改善。根据句中but的转折，选B。【2011湖北卷,27】The minister said, “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but well never_ with criminals.”A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult【答案】A【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】negotiate谈判；quarrel吵架，争吵；argue辩论，争辩；consult商议,咨询。句意为“部长说：我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论，但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。”根据句意选A。【2011湖北卷,28】Clinical evidence began to_, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.A. operate B. strenghten C. approve D. accumulate【答案】D【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“不断增加的临床证据表明：比起原先从动物实验中所得到的预计，这些新药具有更加广泛有用性。”operate手术，操作；strenghten加强；approve赞成；accumulate积累，（数量）逐渐增加。故选D。【2011辽宁卷,22】What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Youre to be asleep. ,A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered【答案】A【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“Tom，你不睡觉做什么？你现在应该睡觉。”out of bed未上床，起床的意思，be supposed to do应当，应该。【2011辽宁卷,24】You are old enough to your own living.A.win B. gain C. take D. earn【答案】D【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“你长大了，可以自谋生路了。”earn ones living 谋生，固定搭配。【2011全国卷,26】I can the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.A. e up with B.put up with C. turn to D.stick to【答案】B【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意:房子里东西凌乱我能忍，但是脏我讨厌。e up with想出, 提出；put up with 忍受, 容忍；turn to转向，翻书到，求助于，(使)变成；stick to坚持，紧跟，粘住，忠于。untidy不整洁的;凌乱的【2011天津卷,8】She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.A.turned down B.dealt with C.took after D.came across【答案】D【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意:昨天在百货商店购物时，她遇上了她的老朋友”turn down拒绝；deal with对付，处理；take after 长得像，性格类似于，效仿；e across穿过, 越过，偶然遇见。【2011山东卷,25】They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out【答案】B【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意:他们正在拓宽桥梁以加快交通流量。put off推迟；speed up加快；turn on打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等），(使)感兴趣; (使)兴奋；work out算出，实现。拓宽桥梁的目的是加快交通流量，故选B。【2011江苏卷,30】You look upset. Whats the matter？ I had my proposal _ again.Aturned over Bturned on Cturned off Dturned down【答案】D【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“你看上去不高兴，怎么啦？我的建议又遭到拒绝了。”turn over翻身，翻转，把移交；turn on打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等），(使)感兴趣; (使)兴奋；turn off关掉（电器、水龙头等），使厌烦；turn down关小（音量等），拒绝。根据句意选D。【2011福建卷,31】Born into a family with three brothers, David was to value the sense of sharing.A.brought up B.turned down C.looked after D.held back【答案】A【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意：出生在一个三兄弟家庭，David受到了要看重与人分享的教育。bring up教育，养育(孩子)，呕吐(食物)；turn down关小（音量等），拒绝；look after照顾；hold back阻碍，抑制，隐瞒。【2011安徽卷, 34】If you _faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.A. e acrossB. care aboutC. look forD. focus upon【答案】A【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“如果你发现这辆自行车有毛病但还是想要，你就要求这家商店的营业员减价。”e across偶然遇到；care about关心，在乎；look for寻找；focus upon专注于。【2011浙江卷,6】The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose Ill just have to _it,A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with【答案】A【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“这所学校并不是我原来真正想去的，但我现在想尽量好好利用它了。”make the best of充分利用，尽量好好去做；get away from逃离；keep an eye on照看,，留心; 注意；catch up with追上，赶上。对照现在和过去对学校态度的变化，选A。【2011浙江卷,12】He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of _at a hotel for the night.A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up【答案】D【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意：他决定一路驾车回家，不在旅馆留宿。put down放下，镇压，记下；put off推迟；put on穿上，戴上，上演；put up举起，建立，张贴，投宿。根据句意选D。【2011四川卷,7】To get a better grade, you should _the notes again before the test.A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over【答案】A【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“为了获得好成绩，你应该在考试前好好复习这些笔记。”go over审查，复习，重温，从头到尾检查一遍；get over越过，完成，克服(困难)，从(疾病、失望、震惊等)中恢复过来；turn over翻身，翻转，把移交；take over接管; 接替。【2011四川卷,14】I often the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the lnternet.A.look up B.look at C. look for D.look into【答案】A【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“我经常在字典里或网上查我所不懂的单词。”look up查（单词、电话号码等）；look at看，注视(某人或某物)；look for寻找；look into深入地检查，研究，调查。【2011陕西卷,25】Some insects_the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out【答案】C【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】take in吸收，欺骗；take off拿走, 取下，脱去（衣服等），起飞；take on承担，呈现，雇用；take out把带出去，清除, 除掉。句意为“一些昆虫为了保护自己，让自己的体色与其周围环境的颜色相似。”【2011湖北卷,29】The government has taken measures to _ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.A. take down B. bring down C. hand down D. tear down【答案】B【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“政府已经采取措施来降低日常生活用品的价格以保持市场的稳定。”take down拆卸，记录，记下；bring down使(某物或某人)掉下倒下，击败，降(价)；hand down把传递下来，遗留; 流传；tear down拆毁; 拆卸。根据后面的“保持市场的稳定”选B。【2011辽宁卷,26】The exam results will be on Friday afternoon.A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away【答案】C【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意：考试结果将在星期五下午公布。put down放下，平定, 镇压，记下；put off推迟；put up举起，建立，张贴，投宿；put away放好，储存，抛弃。根据句意选C。【2011江西卷35】You cant predict everything. Often things dont _ as you expect.A.run out B.break out C.work out D. put out.【答案】C【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】run out 耗尽；break out 打破；work out 算出，实现；put out 扑灭。句意为“你无法预言一切。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。”选C。