2019-2020年中考英语复习讲义 第6章 副词的用法.doc

2019-2020年中考英语复习讲义 第6章 副词的用法用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词称为副词。副词可表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念，多作状语，可用作定语和表语。副词也有原级、比较级和最高级。对于副词的考查多集中在三个方面：1.副词的比较等级；2.近义副词词义辨析;3. 副词与形容词的区别使用。在学习过程中，要掌握副词比较等级的各种变化形式，同时分清近义副词的用法近义副词的用法。内容导视知识点1副词的分类知识点2副词的构成知识点3副词的句法功能知识点4副词的位置及顺序知识点5副词的比较等级知识点6常见副词的用法知识详单知识点1副词的分类分类用法例词时间副词表示时间now现在;today今天;soon很快;ago以前地点副词表示地点there那里;here这里;out在外边;up在上边方式副词描述动作发生的方式slowly缓慢地;quickly迅速地;carefully细心地程度副词描述行为、动作或状态的程度too太;really的确;quite相当;little很少地频度副词表示一定时间内动作发生的次数always总是;often经常;sometimes有时疑问副词（词组）用来构成特殊疑问句why为什么;where在哪里;when什么时候;how long多长;how much多少钱关系副词用来引导定语从句where的地方;when的时候;why的原因知识点2副词的构成构成例词与形容词同形early早(期)地;hard努力地;late迟，晚;high高高地形容词后直接加lyquickquickly迅速地;slowslowly缓慢地;carefulcarefully细心地;beautifulbeautifully漂亮地以y结尾的形容词，把y改为i，再加lyluckyluckily幸运地;easyeasily容易地;happyhappily快乐地;busybusily繁忙地元音字母加e结尾的形容词，去掉e，再加lytruetruly真实地以le结尾的形容词，去掉e，再加ypossiblepossibly可能地;fortablefortably舒服地其他形式的副词often经常;too太;very非常知识点3副词的句法功能成分说明例句作状语修饰动词He works very hard on his subject.他努力攻克自己的课题。修饰形容词Its quite impossible for her to do it.她不可能做这件事。修饰其他副词She speaks English very beautifully.她英语说得很好。修饰整个句子Luckily，she had got another chance.很幸运，她得到了另一个机会。作表语主要指主语的方向、方位、动作情况The light is on. 灯亮着。When will you be back?你将何时回来?作定语表示时间或地点的副词，可以作定语，一般要后置The building there looks very grand.那座楼房看起来很壮观。The rades here are all very kind to me.这儿的同志对我都非常友善。作补语主要说明宾语或主语所处的位置、状态Did you see anybody in?你看到里面有人吗？Children should be kept away from the river.不要让孩子们靠近这条河。知识点4副词的位置及顺序说明例句几个不同副词并列作状语时，其顺序比较灵活，在句末一般顺序为:方式副词地点副词时间副词。Ive seen him somewhere before.我以前在哪儿见过他。John drove his car quickly on the road yesterday afternoon.昨天下午，约翰在路上把小汽车开得很快。频度副词(always, often, never等)常放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。I have never seen a man more hard-working than him.我从未见过比他更勤奋的人。We must always keep our teeth clean.我们必须始终保持牙齿清洁。修饰整个句子的副词常常位于句首。Fortunately，the rain stopped before we started.幸运的是，在我们动身前雨停了。Honestly, I know nothing about this project.说实话，我对这个项目一无所知。副词修饰动词时，常位于不及物动词之后、及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语之后。The nurse looks after the babies carefully.护士仔细照看婴儿。When we have trouble, she always helps us patiently.当我们遇到困难时，她总是耐心地帮助我们。副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面。These flowers are quite beautiful.这些花很漂亮。Its rather difficult to tell who is right.很难判断谁是对的。方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接;well , badly,hard等方式副词常常放在句尾。Please write slowly and carefully请写得慢一些，仔细一些。Our teacher always encourages us to speak English bravely.我们老师总是鼓励我们大胆地说英语。时间副词和地点副词:小在前，大在后。I go to work at seven oclock in the morning every day.我每天早上7点去上班。I met him at a bar in a small town in New York我在纽约的一座小镇的酒吧里遇到了他。【易错警示】enough作为形容词，修饰名词时，放在名词前后均可;作为副词，修饰形容词或者副词时，必须后置。例如：I have enough money (money enough) to buy these books我有足够多的钱来买这些书。The little boy isnt old enough to dress himself.这男孩太小，还不能自已穿衣服。知识点5副词的比较等级1.副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworstmuchmostlittleleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest【温馨提示】副词的比较和最高级的规则变化和形容词相同2.副词比较等级的用法分类用法例句原级的用法as+原级副词+as，表示前后两者情况一样You walk as fast as he does.你和他走路一样快。I enjoy music as much as Betty does.我和贝蒂一样喜欢音乐。not as/so+原级副词+as，表示前者不如后者speak half as (so) well as you.我讲得不及你的一type as (so) fast as my brother.我打字不如我弟弟快。比较级的用法比较级+than，用于表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况He works less than he used to.他工作的时间比以前少了。I can run faster and farther than Tom.我能跑得比汤姆快，而且比汤姆跑得远。比较级+and+比较级，用于表示情况“越来越”The wind is blowing harder and harder.风越刮越大。Lucy plays the violin more and more beautifully.露西小提琴拉得越来越好。比较级的用法the+比较级,the+比较级，表示一方的程度随着另一方程度的增长而增长，意为“越，就越”The better I knew him, the more I liked him.我越了解他就越喜欢他。The more you talk to the children，the less they will listen.你对孩子们谈得越多，他们听进去的就越少。【知识拓展】1.如果用于两者之间的比较，“no+比较级+than.”意为“都不”，是对两者的共同否定，且侧重前者，而“not+比较级+than”意为“不及”，表示前者不及后者，隐含对两者的肯定，但侧重后者。例如:John speaks Chinese no more fluently than her brother乔茜汉语说得和她弟弟一样都不流利。I run not faster than anyone else in my class我不比班里的其他人跑得快。2.有时为了对比较级进行突出和强调，在其前和其后加上修饰语，以使比较更突出和鲜明。常见的比较级的修饰语:even甚至，更;still更;much更;a little有点;a lot很;a great deal大大地;by far大大地;等等。例如:Could you please speak a little more slowly so I can follow you?你能否说得再慢一点，以便我能听懂?Jerry French a lot better than before.杰瑞法语说得比以前好多了。最高级的用法the+副词最高级+表示范围的短语或从句结构，表示在三者或三者以上的范围中程度（最高）Of all the teachers，he teaches the best. 所有老师中，他教得最好。Of all the subjects，I like art ( the) best。在所有课程中，我最喜欢美术。知识点6常见副词的用法副词用法例句very意为“非常”，修饰形容词和副词的原级The elephant is very big这头大象非常大。too，also，either意为“也”, too一般用于肯定句，常放在句末;either一般用于否定句.常放在句末;also一般用于肯定句中，常放在系动词、助动词后，行为动词前Nice to meet you，too.见到你我也很高兴。I am not a teacher either.我也不是一个老师。You are also my friend.你也是我的朋友。You also want to go with him.你也想和他一起去。ago，before意为“之前，以前”, ago是以现在为基准，指“距今若干时间以前”，不能单独使用，应用“一段时间+ago，通常与过去时态连用;before指从过去某一时刻算起的时间以前，通常与过去完成时连用，单独使用时，泛指以前，常常和完成时态连用I met our teacher an hour ago.一小时以前我遇见了我们的老师。He said he had finished the work two days before.他说他两天前完成了这项工作。I have seen the film before.我以前看过这部电影。such，sosuch意为“如此”，SO跟形容词或副词，such跟名词或名词短语；much, little(少的)用such名词前有many, few时用so，不用much修饰I have so many toys in my house.我的房间里有如此多的玩具。Did you ever see such weather?你曾经见过这样的天气吗?hard，hardlyhard作副词时，意为“努力”，作形容词时，意为“困难的，硬的”; hardly是副词，意为“几乎不”He studies hard.他学习努力。He hardly studies.他几乎不学习。already，yet意为“已经”, already用于肯完成时连用;yet用于否定句。Ive already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。Have you found your book yet?你已经找到你的书了吗?before long，long beforebefore long不久以后；long before很久以前” Long before，there was a big museum.很久以前，那里有个大的博物馆。We will see the film before long.我们不久会看这部电影。too much，much tootoo much的中心词是much，用法与much相同，用来修饰不可数名词;much too的中心词是too，用法与too相同，用来修饰形容词或副词原级We both have too much work to do.我们俩都有很多工作要做。He eats too much food，so he is much too fat他吃了太多的食物，因此他太胖了。sometime，sometimes，some time，some timessometime。意为“有时候”，多用于一般现在时;sometime意为“在某一时候(过去或将来)”，表示的是任何时候或某一不确定的时间;some time意为“一段时间”，常作宾语;some times是名词短语，意为“几次(倍)”Sometimes I watch TV with my parents. 我有时候和父母一起看电视。New students will e to school sometime next week.新学生下周的某个时候会来学校。She will stay in Xian for some time. 她将在西安待一段时间。Ive been to New York some time.我去过纽约几次。考点突破考点1考查副词词义辨析1. (黔南中考)-Do you think yesterdays math problem was difficult? -Yes, I could _ work it out. A. easily B. hardly C. finally D. nearly 【解析】选B。问句问数学题是否很难，答语回答是的，故应为“几乎做不出来”，用hardly,2.(安顺中考)-Fred is studying Chinese in one evening school. -Is that true? He has_ told me about it.A ever B. even C. already D. never 【解析】选D,答话人表示惊讶，说明没有听说过这件事.故用never,3.(咸宁中考)一As we know its difficult to live in a foreign country. 一一if you cant understand the language there. A. Exactly B. Naturally C. Usually D. Especially 【解析】选D。句意为:尤其是如果你不明白那里的语言时。故选D4.（昆明中考)Teenagers should be encouraged to go_ and be close to nature. A. inside B. back C. outside D. off 【解析】选C。空后为“亲近自然”，故应该是到户外去，用outside,5.(天津中考)We dont want to speak badly or_ in front of the class. A.clearly B. carefully C. carelessly D. properly 【解析】选C, badly与空白处为同类词汇，都为贬义词，故应用carelessly,6.(宿迁中考)Sandy likes traveling. She_ stays at home during holidays. A. seldom B. usually C. always D. often 【解析】选A。第一句表示桑迪喜欢旅游，第二句表示她假期墓本上不在家待，故用seldom.考点2考查副词的比较等级7.（咸宁中考)-What do you think of her teaching English? -Great! No one teaches_ in our school. A. good B. worse C. better D. best 【解析】选C。句意为:很棒!在我们学校没有人比她教得好。No one与her是二者相比较，用比较等级，此处是用比较级表示最高级含义。故选C,8.(北京中考)-Which season do you like_ , winter or summer? -Summer. A. well B. better C. best D. the best 【解析】选B, 选择疑问句，是二者的比较。故选B.9.(重庆中考)Lin Fang es home _ than before this term. She doesnt have so many classes in the afternoon. A. early B. earlier C. late D. later 【解析】选B,句中有than出现，且为之前和这学期两者相比较，故用比较级，由后句可知是回家早。