2019-2020年高考英语 语法专项定语从句.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 语法专项定语从句一.定语从句及相关术语 1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，定语从句在句中做定语。被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在它所修饰的先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等； 关系副词有where,when,why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne. 2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend. 3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys. (2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday. 4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (3)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whoetovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion. (4)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning? 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. (2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow? =Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous. (2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor. (4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked. (5)Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout. (6)Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked. 注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等 (1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T) (2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F) 2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose (1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T) (2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F) (3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisveryfortable.(T) (4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisveryfortable.(F) 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词 (1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim. (2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad. 四关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 (1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool. (2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame. 2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 (1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn. (2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown. 3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane. (2)Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday. 注意：关系副词when, where, why引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear, (2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup. (3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn. 五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 (1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） (2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 (3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 注意：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 难点分析 （一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况 1. 先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing, much, little, few等，关系代词应用that。(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid? (2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld. (3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone. (4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywontdosuchathing. 2.当先行词被序数词修饰 (1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen. 3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen. 4.当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时 (1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy, (2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned. 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who (3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting/ 5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时 (1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere? (2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost? 6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 (1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned? （二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是： 1As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。 Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee. 2.as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。如：It rained hard yesterday, _C_ prevented me from going to the park. A. thatB. whichC. as D. it 另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思 (1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry. (2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent. (3)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdontbelieve. 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which (5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry. 3.当先行次受such,thesame修饰时，常用as (1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells. (2)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek. 注意：当先行次由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同 (4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding. 她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 (5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。 （三）以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。 (1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising. 【专项练习】1We are living in an age _ many things are done on puter.AwhichBthat CwhoseDwhen2_ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.AThatBAs CItDWhat3We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go.Awhat Bwhich CwhereDwhen4Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.Awith him Bwho Cwith whomDwhom5The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a e back, attracted a lot of attention.AwhereBwhen CwhichDwho6The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.AuntilBthat Cwhen Dwhere7Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _ leading actor is world famous? AitsBits CwhoseDwhich8Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy.AwhoBwhich CthisDwhat9Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.Awhich priceBthe price of which Cits priceDthe price of whose10The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expect.Awhen Bthat CwhichDwhat11_ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.AWhichBAs CThat DIt12He was very rude to the Customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.AwhoBwhom CwhatDwhich13All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest.Aonce that grewBthat grew once Cthat once grewDonce grew14After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.AwhichBthat CwhereDwhen15I dont like _ you speak to her.Athe wayBthe way in that Cthe way whichDthe way of which16In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have got home.Awhose timeBthat Con whichDby which17I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.Athat; whichBwhen; which Cwhich; thatDwhen; who18_ is known to all, China will be an _ powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.AThat; advancingBThis; advanced CAs; advancedDIt; advancing19York, _ last year, is a nice old city.Athat I visitedBwhich I visited Cwhere I visitedDin which I visited20Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?Ahe explained Bwhat he explained Chow he explainedDwhy he explained21Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _he is likely to lose control over the plane.AwhereBwhich CwhileDwhy22_ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.AItBAs CThatDWhat23Can you think out a situation _ this idiom can be used?AwhichBthat CwhereDwith which24There is a mountain _ the top is always covered with snow.Aof thatBof which CwhoseDthat25He is the man of rich experience, _ much can be learned.AwhoBit Cfrom whom Dfrom which26Albert Einstein, _ life had once been very hard, was given the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921.Ain whichBfor whose Cin whomDfor whom27I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _ you may spend your weekend.AwhichBthat CwhenDwhere28The stories about this secret person, _ this is one example, are widely spread among people.Aabout which Bof which CwhichDfrom which29His glasses, _ he was like a blind man, were missing.Awith whichBwith it Cwithout whichDwithout it30Ill show you astore _ you may buy all _ you need.Ain which; thatBwhere; which Cwhich; thatDthat; that31It was in the lib _ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _ they did the experiment.Awhere; thatBwhich; which Cthat; whereDwhich; that32He arrived in New York, _, some time later, he became a writer.AwhenBwhere CthatDwhich33It was a newspaper of a new type, _had never before existed in the history of the lab.AwhatBsuch as Cthat Dit34The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things,_ is often the case in other countries.Aas Bthat CsoDit35I shall never forget those days _ I lived in the army with the soldiers, _ has a great effect on my life.Athat; whichBwhen; which Cwhen; thatDwhich; that36She was very kind towards the children, _her husband seldom was.Athat Bwhich CwhoDand37Lets put off the picnic until next week, _ the weather may be better.AasBthen Cif Dwhen38No bread eaten by man is so sweet as _ earned by his own labor.AwhatBthat CsuchDthe one39The reason _ she gives for not ing to the party is that her mother wont let her.AwhatBwhy CasDwhich40The artist _ the judge gave a prize is the teacher _ I have been taught painting for two years.Afrom whom; by whomBto whom; who Cfrom whom; whoDto whom; by whom41.The new dictionary contains 16,000 new words and expressions, _ reflect recent research in science and technology.A. many of them B. many of which Cmany of that D. many of whose42. Such electronic tubes _ in a radio set are also found in a TV set.A. that we use B. as we use them Cas we use D. that we use them43. Hes the man _ I supposed was capable of doing such a thing.A. to whom B. of whom Cwho D. whom44. This is the washing machine _ we have had so much trouble.A. at which B. with which Cof which D. to which【高考模拟】1. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet_ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose2. Ive bee good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which3.The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A. where B. who C. which D. what4. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What5. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which6. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that7. As a child, Jack studied in a village school,_ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 8. Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 9. In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that10. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whomB. which C. them D. those