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2019-2020年中考英语复习讲义 第15章 句子种类 英语句子按照使用目的和交际功能分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。对于句子种类的考查,感叹句中感叹词的选择,特殊疑问句中疑问词的选择,反意疑问句中的附加问句等是常考点。考查形式以单项选择为主,而专门针对句子种类考查的题目不是很多,大多和其他知识点融合在一起。在学习过程中,同学们要全面复习.达到灵活运用。内容导视知识点1陈述句知识点2疑问句知识点3祈使句知识点4感叹句知识详单知识点1陈述句分类说明例句陈述句的肯定形式正常语序I hope you can see me.我希望你能见我。倒装语序Here es the bus!公共汽车来了陈述句的否定形式谓语有be动词、助动词或情态动词时,在这些词后加not构成否定式She is not at home她不在家。I cannot speak French.我不会说法语。谓语是实义动词,用dont, doesnt、或didnt加动词原形构成否定式He doesnt know the way.他不认识路。They didnt watch TV yesterday.他们昨天没有看电视其他表示否定含义的词(如no, never, seldom, hardly, nobody等)直接构成否定式I seldom go outside.我很少出去。Nobody knows him.没有人知道他。【知识拓展】have在表示“有”的意思时,其否定形式有两种: 其后直接加not。例如:I havent any new books here.我这里没有新书了。借助助动词do。构成否定式。例如:I dont have any new books here.我这里没有新书了。知识点2疑问句1.分类含义说明例句一般疑问句用yes,no 回答答的疑问句用 yes, no 回答的一般疑问句-Can you go with me?你能和我一起去吗?一Yes,I can.是的.我可以。/No, I cant.不.我不能。用yes,no之外的词回答的一般疑问句一Could you tell me, the way to the; nearest police station?你能告诉我最近的警察局怎么走吗?-Sorry, I am a stranger here.对不起,我对此地很陌生。省略形式的一般疑问句Anything new?有新消息吗?特殊疑问句就句中某一部分进行提问的疑问句普通特殊疑问句When will you leave?你们什么时候走?强调特殊疑问句Who ever will he invited to the party? 究竟邀请谁来参加这个聚会?选择疑问句说话者对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案选择疑问句的形式一Do you go to work by bus or by bike?你乘公交车还是骑自行车去上班?一一By bike.骑自行车去。选择疑问句的答语反意疑问句附加在陈述句后的简短问句陈述句肯定,疑问句否定You like sports, dont you?你喜欢运动,是吗?陈述句否定,疑问句肯定She isnt good at maths, is she?她不擅长数学,是吗?【知识拓展】反意疑问句的回答:在答语中,如果陈述部分是否定形式,答语中的yes翻译为“不”,而no翻译为“是的”。但是,答语中要保持前后一致,即yes后面的部分是肯定形式,no后面的部分是否定形式。例如:-Tom didnt do his homework yesterday, did he?汤姆昨天没有写作业,是吗?,”-Yes, he did.不,他写T o /No, he didnt.是的,他没有写。2.反意疑问句的特殊用法用法例句陈述部分用指人的不定代词,如no one, nobody, someone等作主语,附加问句的主语强调全部时用they,强调个体时用heEveryone is working hard on the problem, arent they?每个人都在努力解这道题,是吗?Someone is waiting for me, isnt he?有人在等我,是吗?陈述部分用指物的不定代词,如nothingeverything, something等作主语时,附加问句的主语用itEverything goes well with you, doesnt it?你一切都很顺利,是吧?Everything is ready, isnt it?一切就绪,是吗?陈述部分用指示代词作主语,附加问句的主语要用相应的人称代词,即this/that用it,these/those用theyThat is a very nice vase, isnt it?那是一个非常漂亮的花瓶,是吗?Those areyour friends, arent they?那些是你的朋友,是吗?陈述部分为there he句型时,附加问句的主语仍用thereThere will be a heavy rain tomorrow, wont there?明天有一场大雨,是吗?陈述部分含有情态动词used to时,附加问句的动词用usednt和didnt皆可Your mother used to be a librarian, usednt/didnt she?你母亲过去是图书管理员,是吗?陈述句含有否定词时,附加问句一般用肯定式(若为带否定前缀的派生词则仍用否定式)You dont agree with him,do you?你不同意他的意见,是吗?You disagree with him,dont you?你不同意他的意见,是吗?陈述部分是祈使句时,附加问句一般用willyou或、wont you; 以lets开头的祈使句,附加问句用shall wee in and have a seat, wont you?(你们)进来坐下,好吗?Lets have another try, shall we?让我们再试试,好吗?陈述部分是主从复合句时,附加问句的主语一般与主句主语一致He said he was hard-working, didnt he?他说他很努力,是吗?陈述部分是并列句时,附加问句的主语与临近分句的主语一致I know her but she doesnt know me, does she?我认识她但她不认识我,是吗?【知识拓展】1.陈述部分含有must,简短问句要根据must在陈述句中的意义决定。表示“必须、禁止”时,附加问句用must成mustnt。例如:You must finish your homework on time, mustnt you?你必须按时完成作业,好不好?You mustnt play football on the street, must you?你绝不能在街道上踢足球,知道吗?表示“有必要”时,附加问句用neednt。例如:We must have a meeting this afternoon, neednt we?我们今天下午有必要开个会.是吗?表示“一定,想必”时,附加问句根据具体情况选择。例如:You must be very happy, arent you?你一定很快乐,是吗?(对现在情况的推侧)It must have snowed last nigh, didnt it?昨晚一定是下雪了,是不是?(对过去情况的推侧,用didnt).有时间状语提示.He must have learned French for many years,hasnt he?他一定学习法语很多年了,是吗?(对过去情况的推测,无时间状语提示,用havent/hasnt)2.当陈述部分是“Im sure, Im afraid, I dont think (suppose, expect, image,believe等)+宾语从句结构时,附加问句应与从句的主谓保持一致,同时要注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。如:Im sure he will e in time, wont he?我确信他会及时到来,不是吗?I dont think you are right,are you?我认为你不对.不是吗?知识点3祈使句分类说明例句祈使句的甚本结构动词原形(be或实义动词)+其他部分Open the door打开门祈使句的否定形式一般在句首加dont,有时也可加neverDont go home before I arrive.我到之前不要回家。祈使句的强调有时为了指明向谁提出请求或命令、加强语气或丧示感悄色彩,也可以将祈使句的主语表示出来,以起强调作用。另外,也可以在句首加doTom, you close the TV at once.汤姆,你立刻把电视关上。Do cone earlier next time(下次一定要早点儿来!其他形式的祈使句以let开头的析使句Lets read this kook together.咱们一起读这本书吧。(包括说话者)Let us read this book together.让我们一起读这本书吧。(不包括说话者)以no开始的禁止性祈使句No smoking here.这里禁止吸烟。一般表达Quickly j快点儿!【知识拓展】为了使祈使句听起来比较客气、委婉,可以用下列方法:句首或句尾加please。例如:Sit down, please!请坐!句尾加will you。例如:Call me if you have time, will you?有时间给我打电话,好吗?知识点4感叹句分类结构例句what引出的感叹句What + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+其他!What a beautiful schoolbag!多么漂亮的书包啊!What+形容词+可数名词复数+其他!What interesting books youve bought us!你给我们买的书真有趣!What+形容词+不可数名词+其他!What great fun surfing on the Internet!在网上冲浪真是太有趣了!how引出的感叹句How+主谓!How time flies!时间过得真快啊!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语+其他!How cold it is today!今天真冷啊!How+形容词+a/an+可数名词+主谓!How clever a child she is!她是多聪明的孩子啊!How+many/much/few/little+名词+主谓!How few friends he Can talk with!他能交心的朋友太少了!考点突破考点1 考查疑问句的用法1.一(黔东南中考)一_ will your parents e back? -In a month.A. How long B. When C. How soon D. What time【解析】选C。对“in+一段时间,提问,要用how soon“多久”。故选Co2.(巴中中考)一did it take you to finish the work?-About three hours.A. How soon B. How long C. How often【解析】选B, about three hours是一段时间,对此提问要用how long,“多长时间”。故选B,3.(北京中考)一_people are there in your family? -Three. A. How often B. How long C. How often D. How much【解析】选C。由答语可知是对可数名词数量多少的提问,用how many“多少(个)”。故选C4. (潍坊中考)-一_ do you go to Weifang Theatre?一Once a month.【解析】选B。由答语可知是对频率的提问.要用How often“多久一次”。5.(济宁中考)-_ are you always staying up so late these days? -To prepare for my final exam. A. How B. Why C. When D. Where 【解析】选B, To prepare for my final exam表示目的,对此提问要用Why。故选B.考点2考查祈使句的用法6.(黄冈中考)-What are the rules at your school? -Dont run in the hallways and_ arrive late for class. A. not to B. wont C. dont D. no 【解析】选C。答语为and连接的两个并列的否定祈使句,要用dont。故选C7.(黄冈中考)-Put some butter on a slice of bread and add a teaspoon of butter. What else? -Next _ some tomatoes. A. cut up B. cuts up C. to cut up D. cutting up【解析】选A。答语为祈使句,祈使句要用动词原形开头。故选A.8.(广州中考)-Sorry Im late. 一_ tell me the bus broke down again!A. Never to B. Not C. Dont D. No【解析】选C 由上下句意可知,答语表示否定含义,要用否定祈使句,句子以动词tell开头,否定形式是在其前加Dont.考点3考查感叹句的用法9.(十堰中考)_ weather it is today! A.What hot B. How hot C. What a hot D. How a hot【解析】选A, weather是不可数名词,此感叹句要用What引出。故选A,
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