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2019-2020年七年级英语语法复习教案 牛津版课题7A、B 语法之:in、on、at的用法、可数名词与不可数名词、基数词与序数词、感叹句学情分析基础还可以,对英语的兴趣不够浓厚,应用不够灵活教学目标与考点分析通过对典型知识点的分析,培养学生获取信息、分析问题、处理问题的能力教学重点难点教学重点:知识点及句型结构教学难点:用法及区别教学方法从书本入手,以课文内容为主,结合练习 教学过程 in; on; at用在时间词前,表“在” 1)at + 具体时刻 at 用在时刻前 例如:at ten oclock在十点钟 2)on + 具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词;以及上、下午词前有修饰词时) on 表示具体的某一天,常用在星期,具体的一天前。例如:on Monday 在星期一 on the first of March 在三月一日 3)in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分 in表示:“段”时间,常用在年份,月份,季节前, 也用在上午,下午和晚上前。例如:in 1997 在1997年 in spring在春季 in May在五月 in the moring在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上 但注意:at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmas eg. 1._ the morning 2._ Monday morning 3. _ a rainy evening 4. _3:50 5._ xx 6._ the morning of April 10 7._ spring 8._ night 9._ this time 10. _ March Countable and uncountable nouns1、 一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;2、 以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:iz。3、 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:z。4、 以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:z 5、以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况 1)有生命的+es 读音:z 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2) 无生命的+s 读音:z 如:photo-photos radio-radios 6、不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth 7、还有一部分名词单复数同形,如:fish鱼,deer鹿,sheep绵羊,works(工厂),means手段,Swiss瑞士人,Chinese中国人,news 新闻,goods 商品 8、有一些名词则只有复数形式:trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤 glasses眼镜,passes圆规,scales天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子 9、“某国人”的复数有三种类型: (1)Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形,不需加s; (2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men; (3)其他各国人以an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。如:Americans, Australians, Indians等。 可依照这个口诀记忆:中日不变,英法变,其他”s”加后面。 10、有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。 如:water (水) waters (水域) orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子)11、a piece of bread ,paper(纸), cloth(布), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), meat(肉) ) a length of cloth 一段布料 a cake of soap 一块肥皂 a tube of tooth-paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水【语法详解】基数词、序数词基数词和序数词数词是表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。数词与不定代词很相似,其用法相当于名词与形容词。数词有两种:表示数目多少的词叫做基数词;表示顺序先后的数词叫做序数词。基数词的构成112的基数词:1 one, 2 two, 3 three, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9 nine, 10 ten, 11 eleven, 12 twelve1319均由39加后缀-teen构成。注意thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的拼法。 13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19 nineteen2090等十位数均由29加后缀-ty构成。注意twenty, thirty, forty, eighty的拼法。 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety2129由十位数20加个位数19构成,中间必须有连字符“-”;其他十位数依此类推。 21 twenty-one, 22 twenty-two, 23 twenty-three, 24 twenty-four, 25 twenty-five, 26 twenty-six, 27 twenty-seven, 28 twenty-eight, 29 twenty-nine, 64 sixty, 75 seventy-five, 86 eighty-six百位数由19加hundred构成,如果包含十位数及个位数,中间用and连接;如果只包含个位数,即十位数为零时,必须用and连接。100 a/one hundred, 200 two hundred, 300 three hundred, 706 seven hundred and six, 125 one hundred and twenty-five, 341 three hundred and forty-one, 968 nine hundred and sixty-eight千位数由19加thousand构成,百位数前不加and,其后的十位、个位数构成方法同前。 1,000 one thousand, 2,000 two thousand, 5,800 five thousand, eight hundred, 1,256 one thousand, two hundred and fifty-six, 1035 one thousand and thirty-five, xx two thousand and eight英语中没有“万”这一单位,用thousand表示万。10,000 ten thousand十万的说法。100,000 one hundred thousand百万的说法。1,000,000 one million, 2,000,000 two million千万、亿、十亿的说法。1千万ten million, 1亿one hundred million, 10亿one billion基数词的用法基数词相当于名词,可以有复数形式,其构成方法及读音与名词相同。a man in his fiftieshundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数词或several时,必须用单数形式。 three hundred, five thousand, fifty million, eight billionhundred, thousand, million表示不确定数目时,必须用复数形式,后接of短语。hundreds of, many hundreds of, thousands of, many thousands of, millions of, many millions of tens of hundreds of数千, hundreds of thousands of数十万表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时,用逢十的基数词的复数。 in the 1970s中的1970s读作nineteen seventies,in ones sixties在某人60多岁时与基数词合成的复合定语,其中的名词用单数。 an eleven-year-old boy, a fifty-metre-wide river序数词的构成112的序数词:1st first, 2nd second, 3rd third 4th fourth, 6th sixth, 7th seventh, 10th tenth, 11th eleventh 5th fifth, 12th twelfth 8th eighth, 9th ninth1319的序数词,直接在基数词后加th。13th thirteenth, 14th fourteenth, 15th fifteenth, 16th sixteenth, 17th seventeenth, 18th eighteenth, 19th nineteenth 整位数的序数词的构成方法是:先将词尾-ty中的y变为i,然后加后缀-eth。20th twentieth, 30th thirtieth, 40th fortieth, 50th fiftieth, 60th sixtieth, 70th seventieth, 80th eightieth, 90th ninetieth两位数的序数词如果包含19的个位时,十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,中间必须有连字符“-”。21st twenty-first, 32nd thirty-second, 43rd forty-third, 54th fifty-fourth, 98th ninety-eighth百、千、万等的序数词有hundred, thousand等加-th,前面加有关的基数词构成。 100th one hundredth, 1000th one thousandth下面把100以内的基数词分为四类。1、第一类:one一two二three三four四five五six六seven七eight八nine九ten十eleven十一twelve十二这一类共计十二个单词,在结构上与其他的基数词相比较是特殊的,就象不规则的动词一样,要求逐个的硬背下来,这对学好其他的基数词和序数词都是及其重要的。 2、第二类:thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五sixteen十六seventeen十七eighteen十八nineteen十九这一类基数词共有七个。它们在结构上有两个特点:一是在发音方面都有两个重音;二是在拼法上都有后缀teen。除了thirteen和fifteen之外,都是纯粹地在另一个基数词的后面加上后缀teen。但要注意eighteen的拼法,eight本身有t字母,因此只加een。 3、第三类:twenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十sixty六十seventy七十eighty八十ninety九十这类基数词共有八个。都是十位的整数,均以后缀ty结尾。其中sixty、seventy、eighty、ninety基本上是在相应的基数词后面加上后缀ty。但要注意eighty的拼法,eight本身有t字母,因此只加y。 4、第四类:这一类很简单,可以看成是一种合成词。其结构方式是:用十位整数加上个位整数,其间用连字符号“”连接,表示“几十几”。这类基数词的变化都是规则的。如:twenty-one二十一 forty-six四十六 seventy-eight七十八 ninety-five九十五二、序数词下面把199的序数词也分为四个类。first(1st)第一second(2nd)第二third(3rd)第三1、第一类(在括号里的是缩写形式,均在阿拉伯数字后面加上相应序数词的最后两个字母构成,以下各类与此相同。)这类序数词只有三个,在整个序数词里面是特殊的,就和第一类基数词一样,需要逐个地硬记下来。 2、第二类:fourth(4th)第四fifth(5th)第五sixth(6th)第六seventh(7th)第七eighth(8th)第八ninth(9th)第九tenth(10th)第十eleventh(11th)第十一twelfth(12th)第十二thirteenth(13th)第十三fourteenth(14th)第十四fifteenth(15th)第十五sixteenth(16th)第十六seventeenth(17th)第十七eighteenth(18th)第十八nineteenth(19th)第十九这一类序数词共有十六个。均在相应的基数词后面加上后缀th构成。要注意其中fifth、eighth、ninth、twelth四个词的拼法。 3、第三类:twentieth(20th)第二十thirtieth(30th)第三十fortieth(40th)第四十fiftieth(50th)第五十sixtieth(60th)第六十seventieth(70th)第七十eightieth (80th)第八十ninetieth(90th)第九十这一类全是十位整数的序数词,共八个。它们的构成方法是:先将相应的十位整数的基数词词尾ty中的y改成i,然后在加上后缀eth。 4、第四类:thirty-first(31th)第三十一 sixty-second(62nd)第六十二eighty-seventh(87th)第八十七 ninety-eighth(98th)第九十八这类表示“第几十几”的序数词,跟表示“几十几”的基数词一样简单。在构成方法上均由基数词“几十几”变化而来,十位数不变,仅把个位上的基数词变成序数词就行了。三、基数词及序数词重要用法1. 基数词的用法基数词用于表示事物的数量,在表示基数词时,要特别注意hundred, thousand, million, billion等几个词的用法:若其前用了基数词,则不论其面是否有of,都必须用单数形式(此时若带of则通常表示特定范围中的一部分);若泛指数百、数千、数百万等,则用 hundreds of, thousands of, millions of 等这样的结构。如:Two hundred of the students are needed to plant trees this morning. 今天中午需要200个学生去植树。Hundreds of people attended the famous directors farewell concert. 好几百人出席了这位著名指挥家的告别音乐会。Thousands upon thousands of English words e from foreign tongues. 成千上万英语单词来自外来语。2. 基数词的复数用法逢整“十”的基数词的复数形式可用于表示某人的大约年岁和世纪中的年代。如:The war broke out in the nineties. 这次战争爆发于90年代。Karl Mark began to learn the Russian language in his fiftieth. 3. 序数词的用法 序数词用于表示事物的顺序,一般由与之相应的基数词加th构成(但有特殊形式需特别记忆);序数词主要用作定语,前面一般要加定冠词(或物主代词)。如:Their second son is a doctor. 他们的二儿子是个博士。The hundredth cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps. 乔治一生中找到的第一百个山洞在阿尔卑斯山附近。注:序数词前有时可用不定冠词,表示“每一,又一”。如:Well have to do it a second time. 我们将再做一遍。基数词变序数词口诀一、二、三,特殊记,结尾字母t,d,d(first,second,third) 八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth),ve要用f替;(fifth,twelfth) ty将y改成i, th前面有个e。 若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。 3. 年月日表达法(1)年份,每两位数读一个词。如:1949 nineteen forty-nine 1900 nineteen hundred(2)先月后日,日子要读成序数词。如:5月1日 May (the) first可写成 May 1 3月8日 March (the) eighth可写成March 8(3)先日后月,在月份之前加of。如:5月1日 the first of May 3月8日 the eighth of March(4)年月日同时出现,把年代放在最后,年代前用逗号隔开。如1949年10月1日,可写成:the first of October,1949或October (the)first,1949。4. 时刻表达法(1)用基数词,按顺序读。如:7:30 seven thirty, 8:15 eight fifteen, 12:00 twelve (oclock)(2)用介词past,past之前为分钟数(须在半小时以内,包括半小时),past之后为钟点数。如:6:11 eleven past six ,7:15 fifteen (a quarter) past seven9:30 thirty (half) past nine(3)用介词to,to前为分钟数(须在半小时以上,不包括半小时),to之后为下一个钟点数,表示“差几分到几点”。如:6:58 two to seven,7:45 fifteen (a quarter) to eight 5. 编号表达法(1)用No. No. (读Number)后加数字,数字读基数词。如:No. 1 Number One, No. 3 bus Number Three bus(2)用序数词 词序为:the + 序数词+名词 如:the first lesson,the Second World War(3)用基数词 词序为:名词(词首字母大写)基数词(如用英语拼写,词首字母也要大写)如:Lesson One,Class Four,World War Two。此种方法较常见,特别是当数字较长时。如:Room 306,No. 106 Middle School。6. 分数表达法分子用基数词,分母用序数词,若分子大于1时,分母要在序数词后加s。如:1/3,one third,2/5,two fifths等。7. 数学运算的表达法“加”用plus或and,“减”用minus,“乘”用times,“除”用divided by,动词多用单数。如:3+5=8Three plus/and five is eight. 9-2=7Nine minus two is seven. 65=30Five times six is thirty. 82=4 Eight divided by two is four. I. Choose the best answer( )1. Please turn to _. A. Page 11 B. the 11 st page C. page 11 D. page the 11 th( )2. At night we can see _ stars in the sky. A. thousands and thousands of B. thousand and thousands ofC. a thousand and thousands D. thousand and thousand( )3. There are some _ in our classroom. A. hundred of books B. the hundreds of books C. hundreds of books D. hundred of book( )4. I have been to the village _. A. a hundred time B. hundred times C. hundreds of times D. hundred of times( )5. There are _ students in our school. A. fourhundred and fortyfive B. four hundred and fortyfive C. four hundreds and fortyfive D. four hundred and forty five( )6. The teacher told me to go over _ lessons. A. thirst three B. the three first C. three the first D. the first three( )7. May is _ of a year. A. the fifth months B. the fifth month C. the five months D. the five month( )8. We live in _. A. the twenty-first century B. the century twenty-one C. century twenty-one D. the century twenty-first( )9. He said he was going to be free in _. A. one and a half hour B. one hour and half C. one and half hours D. an hour and a half( )10. -How many English books are there on the table? -There is only _English book on it. A. a B. an C. one D. the( )11. Mr Smith stayed in _ last night. A. Room 403 B. the Room 403 C. the 403 room D. 403 the room( )12. The road is _. A. two thousand and five hundred metres long B. two thousands meters long C. long one thousand five hundred metre D. a thousand and five hundreds metres long( )13. He joined the army on _ of May 1980. A. 1 st B. the 1 C. first D. the first( )14. Is Sunday the _ day of the week? A. a B. one C. once D. first( )15. March the _ is Womens Day. A. eighth B. ninth C. tenth D. eight( )16. September is the _month of the year. A. nineth B. ninth C. nine D. the twelveth( )17. December the _ is Christmas. A. twenty-five B. twenty-fifth C. twentieth-five D. twenty-five( )18. Another way of saying Lesson 12 is _. A. Lesson ten-two B. Lesson Ten-second C. the Twelfth Lesson D. Twelfth lesson 感叹句感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。what和how与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、 由what引导的感叹句:what意为多么用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是: what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语. 如: What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀! What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀! What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀! What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀! What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀! What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀! 二、由how引导的感叹句:how意为多么,用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是: How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语. 如: How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀! How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀! How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀! How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀! How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀! 三、在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用what引导,也可用how引导。如: What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么热的天气呀! What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀! What bad weather it is! How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀! What bright sunshine it is! How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀! 四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时,口语中常常采用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。 如: What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀! What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀! What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀! How cool! 好凉快呀! How wonderful! 精彩极了!一、由 what 引导的感叹句,其句子结构可分为以下三种:1. 可用句型:“ What + a/an 形容词可数名词单数主语谓语!”。如: What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊! What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊!2. 可用句型:“ What 形容词可数名词复数主语谓语!”。如: What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊! What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊!3. 可用句型:“ What 形容词不可数名词主语谓语!”。如: What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊! What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊!二、由 how 引导的感叹句,其句子结构也分为三种:1. 可用句型:“ How 形容词 / 副词主语谓语!”。如: How careful she is! 她多么细心啊! How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊!2. 可用句型:“ How 形容词 a/an 可数名词单数主语谓语!”。如: How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊!3. 可用句型:“ How 主语谓语!”。如: How time flies! 光阴似箭!由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换,但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如:How beautiful a girl she is! What a beautiful girl she is!What delicious cakes these are! How delicious these cakes are!三、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。如: Good idea! (好主意!) wonderful! (太精彩了!) Thank goodness! (谢天谢地!)感叹句巧解:感叹句要看后面,即看形容词后的东东,1) 若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数,就用what a/an;是不可数名词或可数名词复数,只用what。2)若形容词后后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Toms等等乱七八糟的东西,想都不用想,直接用how就OK了。如: 例句1:What a good boy he is! 他是个多么好的男孩啊! / 形容词 单数名词 例句2:What good boys they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊!/ 形容词 复数名词 例句3:What cold weather it is! 多么冷的天气啊!/ 形容词 不可数名词 例句4:How good the boy is! 这男孩多好啊!/ 形容词 乱糟糟 若没有形容词,而出现副词或是句子,直接用how.例:How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他弹得多好啊! / 副词 (what不可以修饰副词,看到副词直接用how) How time flies! How fast Liu Xiang runs! 一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。1)._ difficult homework we had yesterday!2)._cute dog it is!3)._ interesting the story is!4)._ bad the weather in England is!5)._ honest boy Tom is!6)._ tasty smell the cake gave off!7)._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!8)._ exciting news youve brought us!9)._cool your new car is!10)._ scary these tigers are! 二、选择填空。1. _ fast the boy ran!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, howB. What, whatC. How, whatD. What, how3. _ delicious the soup is! Id like some more.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 4. _ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an5. _ foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. HowB. How an C. WhatD. What an6. _ difficult questions they are! I cant answer them.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an7. I miss my friend very much. _ I want to see her!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an8. _ lovely weather we are having these days!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an9. _ beautiful your new dress is!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an10. _ interesting work it is to teach children! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an三、所给句子填空,使填空句变为相应的感叹句:1. The boy swam very fast.(同义句)_ _ the boy swam!2. The school trip is very exciting. (同义句)_ _ the school trip is!3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter. (同义句)_ _ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!4. It is a very useful dictionary. (同义句)_ _ _ dictionary it is!_ _ _ dictionary is!5. The students are listening very carefully._ _ the students are listening!教学反思学生归纳总结:这堂课你掌握了什么?答: 。 三、本次课后作业: 完成相关作业,做好预习复习任务。四、学生对于本次课的评价: 特别满意 满意 一般 差 学生签字:五、教师评定:1、 学生上次作业评价: 非常好 好 一般 需要优化2、 学生本次上课情况评价:非常 好 好 一般 需要优化 教师签字:
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