2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 7 Unit 19 Language 北师大版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 7 Unit 19 Language 北师大版重点识记词汇1.trend n.趋势，倾向2.absence n.缺乏；缺席3.theory n.理论；学说 4.attain vt.达到；获得5.adequate adj.足够的，充分的 6.ensure vt.确保，保证7.accelerate vi.&vt.加速 8.target n.目标9.enlarge vt.扩大 10.guarantee vt.&n.保证11.adjust vt.调整；调节 12.catch on学会，理解13.for ages很久，很长时间 14.on purpose故意地15.resemble vt.像；与相似 16.negotiate vt.协商；谈判17.approval n.赞成；赞许；批准 18.purchase vt.购买19.on the other hand另一方面 20.applicant n.申请人21.regulation n.规则 22.ambiguous adj.模棱两可的23.candidate n.候选人 24.sincerely adv.真诚地25.fluency n.流畅度，流利度fluent adj.流畅的 26.embarrass vt.使窘迫27.congratulate vt.祝贺congratulate.on向道贺28.inform vt.告知，通知inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事29.accuracy n.精确度，准确度accurate adj.正确无误的30.thankful adj.为感到高兴的；感谢的thankfully adv.感谢地；令人感激地31.surround vt.环绕，围绕surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n.环境32.announcement n.通告；宣告announce vt.通告；宣告33.congratulate vt.祝贺congratulation n.祝贺34.unconscious adj.无意的；不知不觉的conscious adj.有意的；有知觉的35.punctual adj.准时的；守时的punctually adv.如期地，准时地必背经典句式1.To put it simply，if you want to be a success in the business world，you need a high level of English petence.简单地说，如果你想在商业世界中成为一个成功者，你需要高水平的英语能力。2.By the time the Americans won their independence from Britain in the 1780s，there were thirteen colonies and four million Englishspeaking people!到18世纪80年代美国人从英国人那里赢得独立为止，有十三个殖民地四百万人讲英语！3.Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.第三，你们说我只要预付款就有折扣。4.Theres no point reading the news in English if youve already watched it in your own language.如果你已用母语看过这则消息，再用英语来读是没有意义的。必背经典句式5.But sadly，the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an Englishspeaking country are small.但令人遗憾的是，我们都生活在一个讲英语的国家的机会是很小的。6.Im sorry，but we have to keep to the timetable，sir.先生，对不起，我们得遵守时刻表。7.It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早在18世纪，英语就被预测会成为世界母语而且过去的几十年已证明是这样。8.Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.不管是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。构词记忆achievement /tivmnt/n.C功绩；成就adjustment /dstmnt/n.C&U调整；调节advertisement /dvtIsmnt/n.C广告announcement /nansmnt/n.C&U通知；通告；布告.词汇与派生A语境填词1There were 500 applicants(申请人) for the job.2Her remark was followed by an embarrassing(难堪的) silence.3Ive set myself a target(目标) of saving 5 a week.4He entered the local elections as a candidate(候选人)5There are plans to enlarge(扩大) the recreation area.6They have just purchased(购买) a new house in the country.7She resembles(像) her sister in appearance but not in character.8He gave us an ambiguous (模棱两可的) reply.9I informed(通知) him that I would not be able to attend.10They have guaranteed(保证) that any faulty parts would be replaced free of charge.B用所给词的适当形式填空11In my opinion，you can depend on him，because he has been reliable and punctual (punctually)12Fluency (fluent) in French is required for this job.13Laboratory work needs not only accurate (accuracy) measurements but also correct calculation.14She can see it clearly. She can feel its warmth surrounding (surround) her.15The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced (announcement) the news to the reporters.短语运用A用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空 take the form of，get ahead，catch on，stand out，consist of，keep in mind，be similar to，be aware of，inform.of，approve of16.Would you mind repeating that? I didnt quite catch on.17In this model，the return message might take the form of feedback or a formal reply.18By working hard，he got ahead of the rest of the class.19Canada is a country consisting of many different nationalities.20Being able to speak more than one language can make you stand out and get ahead.21I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation.22Be aware of your urges to quit，and overe them.23We also tend to be similar to our friends and family on ine and wealth measures.24And keep in mind that this holds true regardless of the length of your speech.25Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.B用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空in use，on the other hand，such as，on purpose，the key to，for ages26.I came here for nothing else but to see you on purpose.27On the one hand，loss implies gain；on the other hand，gain implies loss.28Ive been knocking away for ages，but nobody has answered the door.29Quite simply，in todays world，English holds the key to a brighter future and a world of possibilities.30This not only had American words and expressions，but also introduced a new，simplified spelling which is still in use.31The curriculum focuses on English language skills used in business meetings and in areas such as marketing and advertising.经典句式32By the time the old man realized the truth，the two cheats had run away.到这位老人意识到事实的真相时，那两个骗子已经逃跑了。33Theres no point (in) telling him the truth at present.现在告诉他事实是没有用的。34The chances that our team can win the match are great.我们队能赢得这次比赛的机会很大。35Im sorry but I have another appointment this afternoon.对不起，今天下午我已有约。36To put it simply，we have nothing on hand.说实在的，我们手头没货。37Provided that you have money in your account，you can withdraw up to 100 a day.只要账户存款足够，每天可提取不超过100英镑。38Whether you like the idea or not，Im going ahead with it.无论你是否喜欢这个意见，我将继续做下去。39It is said that in Australia there is more land than (land which)the government knows what to do with it. 据说澳大利亚的土地多得政府都不知道作何用途。1absence from缺席in ones absence/in the absence of sb.在某人不在的时候absence of mind心不在焉absent adj.缺席的；不在意的be absent from缺席be present at出席absently adv.心不在焉地He never questions his fathers absence.他从未问过为什么他的父亲不在。Those heat can warm things up pretty quickly in the absence of a cooling system.在缺少冷却系统的情况下，那些热量能够使物体迅速升温。夯实基础语法填空(1)Tom was absent from school because he was ill.(2)In the managers absence，Mr.White is in charge of the business.(3)His attention absorbed(absorb) by the screen，he just nodded absently(absent).(4)Theres an absent(absence) expression on his face.2ensure ones safety/success保证某人的安全/成功ensure sb.sth.保证/确保某人(得到)某物ensure sb.from/against danger保护某人免受危险Premier said that we must ensure the safety of food the other day.几天前总理说，我们必须确保食品安全。夯实基础This pill will ensure the patient a good nights sleep.This pill will ensure that the patient has a good nights sleep.(改为含有that从句的复合句)3应试指导应用类写作高频词汇guarantee sb.sth.保证某人某事guarantee to do sth.保证去做某事be guaranteed to do.肯定做under guarantee在保修期内give sb.a guarantee that.向某人担保All students are guaranteed campus acmodation for their first year.保证安排所有的学生第一年在校内住宿。Even if you plete your training，I cant guarantee you a job.即使你完成了培训，我也无法保证你能有工作。夯实基础我们保证在一周内将货物送到。(一句多译)(1)We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.)(2)We are guaranteed to deliver the goods in one week.(be guaranteed to)(3)We give a guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee n.)4adjust sth.to sth.调整以适应adjust (oneself) to.(使自己)适应于adjust to doing.适应做make an adjustment作出调整We have been preparing our fighters to adjust themselves to civil society.我们一直在培训我们的战士，以使他们适应普通的社会生活。To attract investors，Panama has adjusted its tax and labor laws.为吸引投资者，巴拿马调整了税法和劳动法。夯实基础语法填空(1)She found it hard to adjust to working(work) at night.(2)He will have to make major adjustments(adjust) to his thinking if he is to survive in office.(3)She soon adjusted herself(she) to his way of life.(4)The survey shows some major publishers，institutions and businesses have begun to make adjustments(adjust) to the new age in order to meet the need of the social and economic change.5应试指导(1)过去分词作宾补(2)应用类写作高频词汇inform sb.of/about sth.通知某人某事keep sb.informed of/about.通知某人关于；使某人知道be informed of.听说；接到的通知inform sb.that.告诉某人They would inform him of any progress they had made.他们会把他们取得的任何进步都告诉他。夯实基础(1)语法填空The manager put up a notice to keep the staff informed(inform) of what to do this week.For detailed information(inform)，consult Tom，who is informed(inform) well.(2)He informed the pany that the ship had arrived safely.He informed the pany of the ships safe arrival.(改为简单句)6应试指导approve作为高级词汇替换agreegive ones approval to批准approve v.赞成，同意；认可；批准approve of sb./sth./(ones) doing sth.赞成/同意某人/某事/(某人)做某事approve (doing) sth.批准(做)某事The government has given its approval to a program of economic reforms.政府已经通过一些经济改革方案。特别提醒approve作“批准”讲时，常用作及物动词；作“赞成，同意”讲时，常用approve of。夯实基础(1)She would never do anything that was not approved of(不同意) by her parents.(2)She doesnt approve of me/my leaving school(同意我离校) this year.1 catch on(思想、服饰等)受的欢迎，(在中)流行，(被)接受(with sb.)；理解，了解(to sth.)；学会多词一义catch on，understand，follow，be popular withcatch up with sb./sth.赶上catch sb.doing sth.发现某人做某事catch sight of看见catch ones attention/eye吸引某人Being a foreigner，Carl did not catch on to the joke.卡尔是个外国人，不了解这个笑话的含意。夯实基础他发明了一种新的游戏，但从未真正流行起来。(翻译句子)He invented a new game，but it never really caught on.2应试指导写作过渡词汇on (the) one hand.on the other (hand).一方面，另一方面for one thing.，for another.一则；二则On (the) one hand I want to sell the house，but on the other hand，I cant bear the thought of moving.一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不能忍受搬家。特别提醒on (the) one hand.on the other (hand).常表达相矛盾的两方面；for one thing.，for another.陈述的两方面情况常一致。夯实基础(1)语法填空Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.On the other hand，it could just put you in debt.For one thing，you must make a promise；for another，you should act at once.(2)翻译句子一方面我们应该呼吁公众提高认识，另一方面我们应该立即行动。On (the) one hand，we are supposed to appeal to the public to deepen the understanding，but on the other hand，we ourselves should do it immediately.我不去。一则我已经看过这部电影，二则今晚我有一个重要会议要参加。I wont go.For one thing，I have seen the film；for another I have an important meeting to attend tonight.1 But sadly，the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an Englishspeaking country are small.但是令人伤心的是，我们有机会生活在讲英语国家的可能性很小。that引导同位语从句，用来解释说明某一名词的内容和实质。(1)能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，chance，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。(2)同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。(3)有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.我们应邀去参加那个会议的消息很令人鼓舞。They are faced with the problem whether they should continue the work.他们面临着是否应该继续这项工作的问题。夯实基础语法填空(1)The news that we won the game is exciting.(2)Word came that he had gone abroad for further study.2 Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.第三，你们说我只要预付款就有折扣。provided that引导一个条件状语从句，意为“如果，只要”；provided可以换成providing，that可省略。与之同义的结构有：on condition that/only if/as long as/so long as/if/suppose/supposing that。Providing/Provided (that) the price is right，well buy everything you produce.假若价格合理，我们将采购你们的所有产品。夯实基础假若为我负担费用，我就同意去。(翻译句子)Ill agree to go provided (that) my expenses are paid.3 单元语法语法填空(1)Whether he will go there or not is not clear.(2)It is reported that a mine accident happened in Shanxi Province.(3)We are worried about what we should do next.(4)The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.(5)The question who was to blame has never been settled.高考题组.短文改错(xx陕西)My grandfather and I enjoy fishing.One Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake.We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.As soon as we arrived，so we dropped the lines into the water.Before waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get impatiently.I wanted to give up，and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer.Finally，there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught.Within the next few minute，my grandfather also caught a fish.Felt hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.It was delicious.答案My grandfather and I enjoy fishing.One Sunday morning we fishing at a lake.We took fishing poles and headed for the lake.As soon as we arrived，so we dropped the lines into the water. waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get .I wanted to give up， my grandfather told me to wait a little longer.Finally，there a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught.Within the next few ，my grandfather also caught a fish. hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.It was delicious.写作常用句翻译1.另一方面，既然我们都尽力了，我们就没有遗憾。(on the other hand)(xx湖南书面表达)On the other hand，since we all tried our best，we had no regret.2.我的英语还可以，学习中遇到的两个主要问题是：一、难以记牢单词；二、讲英语时经常感到紧张。(that)(xx四川书面表达)My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart，and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.3.世界名人的成功故事也一样有吸引力，它们可以帮助我理解怎样努力工作来使这个世界更美好。(how)(2011大纲全国书面表达)Equally attractive are the success stories of worldfamous people，which help me understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place.模拟题组.语法填空1.When a child is studying abroad，he must learn to adjust to living on his own.2.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.3.Thankfully (thankful)，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.4.If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered (cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.5.Before a problem can be solved，it must be obvious what the problem itself is.6.The questionnaire takes approximately (approximate) ten to fifteen minutes to plete and can be used along with the assessment interview.7.He said I needed to improve my spoken English，but on the whole，it can be understood.8.Provided/Providing (provide) that they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help?9.Only if you have finished your homework can you go out to play.10.You cant see through a telescope unless it is correctly adjusted to your sight.单句改错1.He likes the kind of car，which has guaranteed for one year for parts and labor.hasis2.He settled there two years ago，and now he has adjusted the way of life there.adjusted后加上to3.He has been informed what happened.informed后加上of4.Do you know what brought up the change in his attitude？upabout5.Teachers like students who are very quick to catch on things.on后加上to6.It is known to us that French differs English in this respect.differs后加上from7.The boy is poor，to whom love was totally absent of his childhood.offrom8.It happenedwhether by accident or by purposethat the two of them were left alone after all the others had gone.purpose前的byon9.“Whats your name？” he asked，pointed at the child with his pen.pointedpointing10.If he will go there or not is not clear.IfWhether.写作句式升级训练With the help of the local media，he has managed to find 32 time twins from 13 countries，and among them there are 17 males and 15 females.(素材来源于xx广东基础写作)With the local media helping him，he has managed to find 32 time twins from 13 countries，of whom there are 17 males and 15 females.(用with复合结构及非限制性定语从句改写句子).阅读理解AWELLINGTON，September 19(Xinhua)If your teenage son wont get out of bed in the morning，then take fort from the fact that he might be sleeping his way to a healthier future，according to a new research from New Zealand.Researchers in human nutrition at the University of Otago have found that teenage boys who sleep less have more body fat when pared to girls，for whom lack of sleep has no noticeable effect on their body fat ratios.The study of 386 boys and 299 girls aged 15 to 18 found that the averagesized 16yearold boy weighing 69.5 kg and 176 cm tall，who slept for eight hours a day，had a waist size 1.8 cm bigger and 1.6 kg，or 9 percent，more body fat than the averagesized boy who slept 10 hours a day.“The boys who slept eight hours a day would also have 1.8 kg more lean(bone and muscle) mass pared to the boys who slept 10 hours，but thats only a 1.4 percent increase，pared to the 9 percent increase seen in body fat，”said lead researcher from the Department of Human Nutrition，Dr.Paula Skidmore.“Our results suggest that for older teenage boys，making sure that they get enough sleep may help to maintain a healthier body.It seems to be that，within reason，the more sleep the better for boys，”Skidmore said in a statement Thursday.“It was unexpected that we did not find the same result in girls，who may actually be more aware of their diet and more in tune with a healthier lifestyle.”The researchers ruled out the effects of food choice and the number of screens，such as televisions，games and consoles，which the teenagers had in their bedrooms.1Whats the research really about?ABoys and girls. BFood and weight.CSleep and health. DScreens and fat.答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是一项关于青少年睡眠时间的长短与身体健康关系的调查。故选C。2Whats the result of less sleep for teenage boys?AA bigger waist and more fat in the body.BAn increase in weight and height.CMore concerned with their diet.DA decrease in bone and muscle.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“.who slept for eight hours a day，had a waist size 1.8 cm bigger and 1.6 kg，or 9 percent，more body fat than .who slept 10 hours a day.”可知，一天睡八个小时的男孩和一天睡十个小时的男孩相比，腰围更宽，体内脂肪更多。故选A。3From the sixth paragraph we can infer that .Agirls usually sleep less and have healthier lifestyles than boysBthe researchers expected to see the same result in girlsCpeoples diet has a great effect on their healthDboys are usually lazier than girls答案B解析推理判断题。根据第六段中的“It was unexpected that we did not find the same result in girls.”可知，在女孩身上并没有发现同样的结果，这是没有预料到的，由此可推断B项符合题意。4Who would be the most pleased to hear the news?ATeachers. BGirls.CParents. DBoys.答案D解析推理判断题。通读全文可知，调查研究的结果是：十几岁的男孩睡得越多反而更健康，由此可推断D项符合题意。BDogs are able to help all sorts of people with disabilities live their lives.Now a man from the United Kingdom has made a dogcontrolled washing machine so that dogs can help these people with their laundry too!John Middleton of laundry pany JTM invented the “Woof to Wash” washing machine that makes it easier for people with disabilities to get their clothes clean.Loading，starting，and emptying regular washing machines involves movements that most of us dont think twice about and take for granted.But doing laundry can be difficult for people who have autism(孤独症)，are blind，have learning disabilities，or have limited movement in their hands.“We developed this machine because mainstream products with plex digital controls seldom meet the needs of the disabled users，”explained Middleton.“But then I saw a video from the charity Support Dogs，where a dog strips a bed and loads the washing machine.I was pletely blown away and instantly thought I could invent a machine where the dog does everything.So I got in touch with Support Dogs and they loved the idea.They said it would be a huge help to their severely disabled users.”With Middletons washer，support dogs of all shapes and sizes can be trained to load the clothes，bark to turn it on，and open the door with a push of a paw and pull a string to unload the washing.The dogs are currently being trained by Support Dogs，and，for now，they will only be available to the UK citizens with disabilities.JTMs website says that，“Plans are underway for this groundbreaking machine to improve the quality of life and independence for thousands of people with wide ranging disabilities across the UK.”5According to Middleton，the mon washing machines .Aare designed for special purposesBare p