2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 3 Unit 8 Adventure 北师大版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 3 Unit 8 Adventure 北师大版重点识记词汇1.adventure n.奇遇，冒险的经历2.take off起飞3.extra adj.特别的；额外的 4.optional adj.可选择的，非强制的5.right now就在此刻 6.extreme adj.极度的，极端的7.in order to do sth.目的是，以便 8.exactly adv.确切地，精确地9.turn up出现，到场；把(声音)调大 10.back out决定不履行(承诺的事)11.get across使理解(某事) 12.in turn轮流，依次13.break out(坏事)突然发生，爆发 14.put.into prison把关进监狱15.stand by坚持(某种说法) 16.quantity n.数(量)17.on ones way在途中 18.run out of用完，耗尽19.carry on继续做某事 20.function vi.运转；发挥作用21.observe vt.观察，观测 22.shelter n.遮蔽，庇护所23.presenter n.节目主持人 24.organisation n.团体，组织，机构25.break down(机器等)出故障；身体出毛病，垮掉26.patience n.耐心patient adj.耐心的27.limit n.边界，限度limited adj.有限的28.statement n.陈述state vt.陈述，表达29.differ vi.不同于，有区别difference n.区别30.anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的anxiety n.忧虑，担心31.major adj.较重要的；较严重的；n.专业课majority n.大多数，多半32.unfortable adj.不舒服的，不自在的fortable adj.舒服的，自在的33.similarity n.相似性，类似性similar adj.相似的，类似的34.excitement n.兴奋，激动excited adj.激动的，兴奋的exciting adj.令人兴奋的35.various adj.各种各样的，不同的variety n.不同，种类vary vi.有不同，呈差异36.acmodation n.住所，处所acmodate vt.能容纳；(宾馆等)能供(客人等)留宿37.equipment n.设备，配备equip vt.装备，配备38.preference n.较喜欢的东西，偏爱prefer vt.更加喜欢39.confuse vt.使困惑confused adj.感到困惑的confusing adj.令人迷惑的40.wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的wealth n.富有，财富41.preparation n.准备 prepared adj.有准备的，准备好了的prepare vt.&vi.准备，为准备42.ambition n.志向，抱负ambitious adj.有野心的，雄心勃勃的43.hopeless adj.没有希望的hopeful adj.有希望的44.cheerful adj.愉快的，高兴的cheer vi.欢呼，使振奋45.distant adj.远处的；久远的distance n.远处；久远；距离46.disadvantage n.不利，不利条件advantage n.优势，有利条件必背经典句式1.Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantastic to be true.虽然人们喜欢读他的书，但是有许多人认为马可波罗写的关于中国的故事太神奇而不可信。2. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.接着漆黑的极地冬夜就开始了。3.The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.接下来离开的是奥茨上尉，他行走有很大的困难。4.He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.他让一群狗拉着雪橇而他的所有队员都在滑雪板上。构词记忆predict /prIdIkt/vt.预言；预告；预料preview /privju/vt.预习；事先审查；预演；n.C&U预习；事先审查；预演；预告片.词汇与派生A语境填词1These message types are optional(可选择的)They are not enforced by the runtime.2They stood to the adventure(冒险) in the Arctic，braving their life.3You copied this work off Paul because youve made exactly(完全地) the same mistakes.4We are making preparations(准备) for the ing examination.5Second，the science major(专业) can help me achieve my childhood dream of being a scientist.6Society cannot function(运转) a single day without the “dull and boring” jobs.7Take some time and observe(观察) how you value yourself and what you do.8After he pleted each article he experienced no excitement(兴奋) and no happiness.9Saunders lawyer made a brief statement(陈述) to the press outside the court.10In production，we demand not only quantity(数量) but also quality.11Some people say that food，clothing and shelter(住所) are life essentials.12You may be charged 10% extra(额外的) for this service.B用所给词的适当形式填空13They met with many difficulties，for they lacked equipment (equip)，experience and technical data. 14One had better see life in its various (vary) aspects when young. 15The people she wrote about in her books are very similar (similarity) to people she knew.16Youll have to be patient (patience) with my mother whos going rather deaf.17It was with great sadness (sad) that we reported the death of James Banks yesterday.18There is milk and cream. Do you have a preference (prefer)?19Michael Jordan is not as wealthy (wealth) as Bill Gates but he has done pretty well.20The police are anxious (anxiety) to interview everyone concerned with last nights accident.短语运用A用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空 take off，stand by，differ from，take up，turn up，set up, get across，break down，run out of，put into prison，21.He taught me how to get across my idea.22Peter liked to see planes take off from the airport.23The aircraft will run out of fuel in another hour.24That arrangement differs from the one I had in mind.25The telephone system has broken down.26The disaster of his being put into prision was unbearable to his family.27Im sorry Ive already taken up so much of your valuable time.28A fund will be set up for the orphans.29We waited for 30 minutes and finally he turned up.30Dont just stand by. Please help me.B用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空after a while，on ones way，in turn，on the edge of，right now，in order to 31.Could you mail these letters on your way downtown?32The old man was taken care of by his children in turn.33How I wish I could fly there right now.34In order to do this you have to build up confidence.35His cigarette had gone out，and he laid it carefully on the edge of the table.36After a while the road opened up and they traveled more quickly.经典句式37Im too glad to be invited to your birthday party.我非常高兴能被邀请参加你的生日聚会。38Li Na doesnt have any difficulty (in) municating with the foreigners in English.李娜用英语和外国人交流没有任何困难。39Away flew the bird.那只鸟飞走了。40I had him doing the work all night long.我让他干了一整晚上的工作。1major in主修majority n.大多数；过半数；大部分in a/the majority占大多数The major factor in the decision to stay or to leave was usually professional.职业上的考虑往往是决定去留的主要因素。He majored in finance in Beijing University.他在北大主修金融专业。图解助记夯实基础Im a history major.(1)My major is history.(major作主语)(2)I major in history.(major作动词)2differ from不同于；和不同differ in在方面不同make a difference有差别，有影响tell the difference between A and B 分清A和Bbe different from.in.在方面与不同The story he told the police differed from the one he told his mother.他在警方和母亲那里说辞不一。The two leaders have differed on the issue of sanctions.两位领导人在制裁问题上存在意见分歧。夯实基础语法填空(1)Humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak.(2)Foreign auto makers differ in their response to the slowdown.(3)What you have told me may make a difference to my own position.(4)In a natural disaster，minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death.3应试指导形容词短语作状语的考查be anxious about sth.为某事忧虑，担心be anxious for sth.渴望某事be anxious to do.渴望做；急于做anxiety n.焦虑；不安；渴望with anxiety焦虑地He is very anxious about the results of the exam.他很担心考试的结果。I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and Im anxious to get help from you.我被告知学校辅导中心给学生提供帮助，现在我急于获得你们的帮助。(新课标全国书面表达)夯实基础语法填空(1)She was anxious that he (should) e(e) with her.(2)She was anxious to leave(leave) the room.(3)Dont be anxious about her；she is already a grownup.(4)His sick wife is a great anxiety to him.4多词一义varieties of，all kinds of，different，a variety of a variety ofvarieties of种种的；各种各样的vary from.to.由到不等vary with随变化vary in在方面变化There are a variety of books for us to choose from，like history books，science books，literary books and so on.有各种各样的书供我们选择，像历史书、科幻书、文学书等等。(江西书面表达)特别提醒(1)a variety of/varieties of后接可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。(2)the variety of复数名词，意为“的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。夯实基础(1)用上述短语的适当形式填空With the development of economy，there are varieties of goods in stores，varying from daily groceries to luxury goods，which greatly enriches peoples life.In addition，the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity.(2)语法填空Lowacid varieties of orange juice are (be) also available.The variety of his books is (be) astonishing.5a piece of equipment一件设备equip v.配备；装备；使有所准备；使有能力equip.with.用装备equip sb.for (doing) sth.使某人为(做)某事而准备equip sb.to do sth.使某人能够做某事be equipped to do sth.使某人有准备做某事Owners of restaurants would have to equip them to admit disabled people.餐厅老板将必须在餐厅里配备能够接纳残疾人的设施。A basic twohour first aid course would equip you to deal with any of these incidents.两小时的基础急救课程能够让你有能力处理这类事件。夯实基础(1)语法填空They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.She was fully equipped for the climbing.Your education will equip you for your future life.(2)They are equipped with new scientific farming methods，so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.Equipped with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子) 6应试指导非谓语动词句法功能的考查confuse.with/and.把和混淆be/get confused with/about对感到困惑be confusing令人困惑的confusion n.混乱；混淆；困惑in confusion处于混乱状态I cant see how anyone could confuse you with another!我不明白怎么会有人把你和另外一个人搞混！Things were happening too quickly and Brian was confused.事情发生得太快，把布赖恩给弄糊涂了。夯实基础(1)用confuse的适当形式填空This is a very confusing experience.We felt confused with the difficult question.The uncertainty created by this situation must have caused you much confusion.What confused us most was the result.(2)He was confused with the present situation so he didnt know what to do next.Confused with the present situation，he didnt know what to do next. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子)7应试指导主谓一致的考查in quantity大量quantities of名词复数谓语动词 许多a quantity of复数名词复数谓语动词/不可数名词单数谓语动词 大量Quantities of food and tents were sent to Ya an from Shandong.大量的食品和帐篷从山东运到了雅安。My brother bought a large quantity of books.我弟弟买了大量的书。夯实基础(1)语法填空A large quantity of beer was sold(sell).Large quantities of food were(be) on the table.Why does the river around the village smell terrible?Because large quantities of water have been polluted(polluted) already.(2)完成句子Its a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity(大量).There are large quantities of(大量的) rain in this area.8应试指导(1)非谓语动词作状语、定语的考查(2)活动类写作高频词汇achieve ones aim达到目的；实现目标with the aim of以期，意在take aim at把目标对准without aim漫无目的地be aimed at目的是；旨在,aim to do.目的要做The programme is aimed at teenage audience.这个节目针对的是十几岁的观众。Its important that you should have some sort of a goal to aim at.有一个为之奋斗的目标是很重要的。图解助记夯实基础(1)语法填空Aimed(aim) at a higher target，the task is more challenging.His brother aims to be(be) a policeman.Never do anything without aim，or youll gain nothing.(2)完成句子She went to London with the aim of finding a job(以期望找到一份工作).To talk without thinking is to shoot without aim(漫无目的地射击).9应试指导感官动词后跟复合宾语的考查observe sb.do/doing sth.观察某人做过/正在做某事observe the customs遵守习俗observation n.观察；观测；监视make an observation of对进行观察His neighbour observed a stranger go/going to his house.他的邻居注意到一个陌生人进了他的房子。American forces are observing Christmas quietly.美国部队正在悄悄地庆祝圣诞节。夯实基础语法填空(1)When I passed his house，I observed him playing(play) in his yard.(2)He is often observed to cheat(cheat) at cards.(3)Observe(observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.10advantage n.有利条件；优势；利益；好处have/gain/win an advantage over占/获得优势have the advantage of有的优势take advantage of利用to ones advantage/disadvantage对某人有利/不利的是at an advantage/a disadvantage处于有利地位/不利地位One major disadvantage of the area is the lack of public transport.这个地区的一大不便之处就是缺少公共交通工具。I have the language advantages over others.我比其他人占有语言上的优势。(天津书面表达)夯实基础语法填空(1)We gain an advantage over our opponent because of much more resources.(2)They saw a new opportunity and took advantage of it.(3)He knew it was to his advantage to raise the first objection.(4)Handsome men are always at an advantage.11take/seek shelter from躲避under the shelter of在的庇护下give shelter to庇护shelter.from.保护免于Although horses do not generally mind the cold，shelter from rain and wind is important.尽管马一般不怕冷，但是有个能遮风挡雨的马棚也是重要的。Trees shelter the house from the wind.树给房子挡住了风。夯实基础语法填空(1)They found shelter from the storm in a barn.(2)Under the shelter of a tent，a crowd is gathered for a brunch.(3)They sheltered from a downpour under a tree.12There is a limit to.是有限度的limit.to.把限定在之内within the limits of限定在范围之内over/beyond the limit超量，超出限度set a limit on对规定限度The team performed to the limit of its capabilities.这个队已竭尽全力。夯实基础(1)In my opinion，you had better set a limit on(对限定) the expense of your trip.(2)There is a limit to(是有限度的) what one person can tolerate.1应试指导 turn短语语境词义辨析turn away打发走；禁止入内turn around翻身，转身turn down拒绝；调小turn into变成turn out生产；结果是；证明是；出席，在场turn over移交turn on/off打开/关掉turn to sb.向某人求助as it turned out果然如此take a turn转变；转弯Some allA students in school have turned out not to be as successful in society as they were expected.学校里一些优秀学生踏入社会后不像人们预料的那么成功。(陕西书面表达)夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空(1)When the sports hero turned up at our party，he was weled with open arms.(2)I would，indeed，turn the evidence over to the police.(3)New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.(4)Dont turn off the puter before closing all programs，or you could have problems.(xx北京，22)(5)If nothing is done，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.2 get across使理解(某事)get away from从脱离；逃脱get away with(做了某事)而不受惩罚；携带跑掉get over克服；恢复get down to开始；着手get sb.down使沮丧；使悲伤get round/around走动；(消息)传开The policeman cant have the thief get away with stealing peoples money.警察不能容忍小偷偷了人们的钱而跑掉。I like to get down to work by 9.我喜欢在9点之前开始工作。夯实基础用get短语的适当形式填空(1)She gets around with the help of a stick.(2)Have you got over the scare you had yesterday?(3)He sometimes has trouble getting his meaning across in English.(4)She got away from the dog but she had bite marks on her leg.3应试指导“break副词”类语境词义辨析break up打碎；解散；结束；分手；拆散break off中断break through突破；冲破break out爆发Negotiations between the two sides have broke down.双方谈判失败了。Police were called in to break up the meeting.有人叫来了警察将聚会驱散。图解助记夯实基础语法填空(1)His health broke down from the stress of the new job.(2)My girlfriend has broken up with me.(3)It will take ten years to break through the cultural barriers.(4)A fire broke out last night.4多词一义run out of，give out，use uprun out结束；用完(主语为物，无被动语态)give out用完；放出(热、光等)；公布(不及物，一般不用于进行时态)use up用完(及物)run away from逃离，躲避So many places of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply ran out of time before seeing it all.北京提供了如此多的有趣景点以至于大多数游客用光了所有时间也没有看完。Our food will soon run out.我们的食物不久就要吃光了。夯实基础He ran out of his ink.(一句多译)(1)His ink was run out of.(改为被动句)(2)His ink ran out.(用run out改写句子)(3)His ink gave out.(用give短语改写句子)(4)His ink was used up.(用use up改写句子)1 Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marcos Stories about China were too fantastic to be true.虽然人们喜欢读他的书，但是有许多人认为马可波罗写的关于中国的故事太神奇而不可信。(1)too.to.太而不能(2)too.to.与not或never连用时，意为“无论也不过分，越越好”。cannot be too.再也不过分(3)only/just/but too.to.非常去做(too前的only/just/but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气)。(4)too ready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy.to.句型表示肯定，作“过于、太会”解。(5)too.not to.表示肯定，含义是“非常必定能；太不会不”。Thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。Ill be only too pleased to be able to do the job for you.我能为您效劳，真是十分高兴。夯实基础翻译句子(1)Mary is too wise not to know it.玛丽很聪明，不会不懂的。(2)She is too ready to get angry.她动不动就生气。(3)You cannot be too careful.小心无过火。/你再小心也不为过。/你越小心越好。(4)One is never too old to learn.活到老学到老。2当then，there，up，down，away，off，now，here，in，out等表示方位或位置变化的副词放在句首，且谓语是表示存在的动词(如lie，live，sit，stand)或e，go，rise等动词并且主语是名词时，句子一般要全部倒装，即把谓语动词整个提到主语前。这类句子比自然语序的句子更为生动、形象。但如果主语是代词时，即使把这些词放在句首，也不倒装。Now，here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。Away flew the bird.那只鸟飞走了。There she goes.她去那儿了。夯实基础单句改错(1)Here es it.Here it es.(2)At the top of the hill the tiny church stood.At the top of the hill stood the tiny church.3 单元语法语法填空(1)This is the very bus that Im waiting for.(2)Look out！Dont get too close to the house whose roof is under repair.(3)All the neighbors admire this family，where the parents are treating their child like a friend.(4)We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people，most of whom are healthy.(5)After graduation she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do.高考题组.短文改错(xx辽宁)Dear Jeremy and Alice, Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors，were hoping to settle something that bothers to us.In a word，your dogCleo.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.Beside，Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.This morning she starts barking even before 5 oclock.That is too much for us，considering how closely the houses are.We appreciate our apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.Sincerely，Jack and Rose答案Dear Jeremy and Alice, Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors，were hoping to settle something that bothers to us.In a word，your dogCleo.Weve called several about Cleos early morning barking.It is difficult to why she barks every minute shes outside.The early morning barking been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.，Cleo tends to bark average of six hours a day.This morning she barking even before 5 oclock.That is too much for us，considering how the houses are.We appreciate apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.Sincerely，Jack and Rose.写作常用句翻译1.这些书有许多优点。(advantage)(xx辽宁书面表达)These books have many advantages.2.他出生于一个贫穷家庭，童年只接受过有限的教育。(limit)(xx浙江书面表达)He was born in a poor family，and only received a limited education in his childhood.3.在我们学校里有各种各样的活动，例如艺术和体育。(various)(2011四川书面表达)In our school，there are various kinds of activities，for example，arts and sports.4.然后我向老师求助，他劝我和他人合作。(turn to)(2011湖北短文写作)Then I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate with others.模拟题组.语法填空1.Although they differ in character from each other，it does not make much difference to their friendship.2.Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running (run) out.We must act immediately before theres none left.3.Ive bee good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.4.After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.5.This treatment is not available in the majority of hospitals.6.How could you turn down such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?7.I hope that full advantage is taken (take) of our library.8.Some parents are just too protective.They want to shelter their kids from every kind of danger，real or imagined.9.Its unfair that he gets away with cheating because hes a famous author.10.Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help have been offered (offer) since the organization was built.单句改错1.We all know that he has a preference of pop music rather than classic music.offor2.He said he was quite preparing to do anything for us.preparingprepared3.He is often observed go shopping with his classmates.observed后加上to4.I hope that full advantage is taken the hotel facilities.taken后加上of5.He risked his life save the boy who fell into the river.life后加上to6.The two squares different in color but not in size.squares后加上are或differentdiffer7.They are running out oil and the plane has to land on the field.out后加上of8.The bus had been broken down，so the passengers had to ask for a lift.去掉been9.And our porters carry your luggage，it means that you can simply enjoy the experience.itwhich10.Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help，have offered since the organization was built.have后加上been.写作句式升级训练1.We expect that every one of you will be part of the event.It encourages creat