2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 8 Unit 23 Conflict 北师大版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 8 Unit 23 Conflict 北师大版重点识记词汇1.betray vt.出卖，背叛2.hand over把交给3.justice n.公正，正义 4promise n.&v.妥协，让步5.prejudice n.偏见；成见 6.look into调查7.departure n.离开，离去 8.classify vt.把分类；归类9.in a flash瞬间，即刻 10.stand up for保护，维护11.put forward提议，提出 12.give in让步，屈服13.from then on从那时起，以后 14.send for派人去叫15.subscribe (to) vi.订阅(杂志或报纸) 16.call in请(某人)17.appoint vt.任命，委任 18.join up参军19.have a gift for对有天赋 20.keep off减去21.allowance n.零用钱；津贴 22.contradict vt.反驳，纠正23.hold out(在困境中)坚持 24.call on要求介入25.look down on看不起 26.by and by不久以后27.keep ones word遵守诺言 28e about发生29.in surprise吃惊地，惊奇地 30.unconscious adj.失去知觉的31.greet vt.问候，致意 32.remark vt.说起，谈到33.in peace和平地 34.acquaintance n.相识的人35.sponsor vt.赞助 36.the more.the more.越就越37.salute vt.向致敬 38.swear vi.发誓39.intend vt.想要，打算 40.expense n.费用，开支41.rope off用绳子围起(隔开) 42.sort out解决(问题或困难)43.shoot vt.&vi.射击shot n.射击，开枪44.talk sth.over with sb.与详细讨论45.possession n.私有物品possess vt.拥有46.bring sth.on sb.给某人招来(不愉快的)事情47.union n.联合会，工会unite v.联合united adj.联合的48.security n.安全secure adj.安全的49.representative n.代表represent vt.代表50.distribute vt.分发，分配distribution n.分配；分布51.consume vt.喝；消费，消耗consumer n.消费者52.strengthen vt.(使)变强，加强strength n.力量strong adj.强壮的53.liberation n.解放liberate v.解放54.furnished adj.配有家具的furnish v.在(房屋等)布置家具；提供55.expose vt.使置身于危险中；暴露be exposed to接触；遭受；使遭受必背经典句式1.Had they known their neighbour was a drummer，they wouldnt have moved into the building.要是早知道他们的邻居是一位鼓手，他们就不会搬进这座大楼。2.No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full nights sleep.他们刚一搬进去噪音就开始了，而且他们几乎没有睡过一个囫囵觉。3.Smith lives above the McKays and it appears that not only is he a keen gardener，he is also a fish collector.史密斯住在麦凯一家人的楼上，看起来他不仅热衷于园艺，还是个鱼类收藏家。4.Unless I receive a positive reply within the next three weeks，I intend to take further action.如果在接下来的三周之内我得不到令人满意的答复，我将采取进一步的行动。构词记忆hardship /hdIp/n.C&U苦难；困苦；苦事membership /membIp/n.C&U会员资格；会员人数ownership /nIp/n.U所有(权)；所有制relationship /rIleInIp/n.C&U关系；联系.词汇与派生A语境填词1The finance pany now has possession(拥有) of the house.2A mittee has been appointed(任命) to investigate these plaints.3As a nurse in the war she was exposed(暴露) to many dangers.4Women still have to face a great deal of prejudice(偏见) in the workplace.5For reasons of security(安全)，all luggage must be searched.6Mr. Robert Brown was announced as the sponsor(赞助商)7We were taken out for a meal at the panys expense(开支)8He is unconscious(未觉察到的) of having made a serious error.9The soldiers saluted(向致敬) the officers when they were inspected.10He swore(发誓) to get rid of the habit of taking drugs.B用所给词的适当形式填空11These pictures represent (representative) Japanese landscapes at all seasons of the year.12We need more feedback from the consumer (consume) in order to improve our goods.13The Red Cross supervised the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims.14He has made remarkable (remark) progress in English.15We want to strenghten (strong) our ties with them.短语运用A用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空stand up for，look into，put forward，hold out，have a gift for，call in，send for，hand over，give in，e about16.Lang Lang and Li Yundi both have a gift for music.17If you dont stand up for your rights，no one else will do it for you.18Two policemen have been called in to help solve the problem.19The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.20Leave the house in no time，or Ill send for the police.21As a friend，I should be frank to you，so I put forward these criticism and opinions.22He has resigned and will handover charge of his office today.23The enemy will have to give in；they cant hold out for long.24Do you think the President will give in to the terrorists demand?25How did this dangerous state of affairs e about?B用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空out of control，in a flash，sort of，more or less, from then on，in peace，in surprise，by and by26.I tell him to go away and leave me in peace.27All of them have bee good friends from then on.28Im busy now，but Ill talk with you by and by.29The boy jumped up in surprise at the sudden noise. 30The fat old man looked sort of ridiculous in his tight pink trousers.31The repairs will cost 50，more or less.32The plane went out of control and crashed.33The boy ran so fast that he arrived at his school in a flash.经典句式34Had you e yesterday，you would have met him.如果你昨天来的话，你就会碰见他了。35No sooner had the lovely baby seen his mother than he smiled.那个可爱的婴儿一看到他的妈妈就笑了。36Not only has he been to Canada，but also he knows some Canadians.他不仅去过加拿大，而且还认识一些加拿大人。37I wont go to his wedding unless Im invited.除非我被邀请，否则我不会去参加他的婚礼。1多词一义betray，let out，give awaybetray a secret to sb.向某人泄露秘密betray ones trust辜负某人的信任betray oneself暴露本来面目，原形毕露He betrayed the news to all his friends.他向所有的朋友透露了这个消息。He betrayed his country to the enemy.他背叛祖国，向敌人投降了。夯实基础His voice betrayed the worry he was trying to hide.(1)His voice let out the worry he was trying to hide.(用let out改写句子)(2)His voice gave away the worry he was trying to hide.(用give away改写句子)2应试指导非谓语动词句法功能的考查expose.to使显露；暴露be exposed to暴露于；经受expose sb.to.让某人接触某物；使某人暴露于They had not been exposed to most diseases mon to urban populations.城市人口中多数常见的疾病他们都没有接触到。These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue.这些单元让孩子们接触到有关某一特定问题的多种观点。夯实基础(1)The newspaper exposed his secret to the public.The newspaper let out his secret to the public.(用let out改写句子)The newspaper gave away his secret to the public.(用give away改写句子)(2)Being exposed to sunlight too long will be harmful to your skin.Exposing yourself to sunlight too long will be harmful to your skin.(改为v.ing的主动形式作主语)If exposed to sunlight too long，you will get your skin injured. (改为if省略句)(3)He was exposed to the rain and wind last night and he was ill.Exposed to the rain and wind last night，he was ill. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子)3应试指导求职类写作高频词汇appoint sb.(as/to be).任命某人担任appoint sb.to do.指定某人做appoint a date to do/for doing.定下做的日期appointment n.约见，约会；任命by appointment按约定make/have an appointment with与预约keep/break an appointment守/违约Could I change my appointment from one to two?我能不能把一点钟的约会改到两点钟呢？夯实基础语法填空(1)The Prime Minister has appointed a civilian as/to be the defence minister.(2)I have made an appointment with Doctor Smith.(3)Our doctors are seen by appointment only.4多词一义remarkable，distinguished，excellent，brilliant make a remark/remarks on/upon/about就发表意见remark on/upon对进行评论I remarked that I would go shopping that afternoon.我说过我那天下午要去购物。She has made outspoken remarks about the legalization of cannabis in Britain.她对英国关于大麻的立法进行了大胆评论。夯实基础(1)Dont remark on her appearance rudely.Dont make rude remarks on her appearance.(用remark的名词短语改写句子)(2)她父亲说该走了。(翻译句子)Her father remarked that it was time to leave.5多词一义distribute，hand out，spread，divide，deliverdistribute sth.to sb.把某物分配(发)给某人distribute sth.among sb.在某人中进行分配distribution n.分配；配给；分送distribution of sth.的分发、分配In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends.大部分家具在搬家的时候都留给了邻居或送了朋友。夯实基础(1)语法填空This species of butterfly is widely distributed(distribute) all over our country.Our teacher distributed the papers to us students.(2)Students shouted slogans and distributed leaflets.Students shouted slogans, distributing leaflets.(用现在分词短语作伴随状语改写句子)6acquaintance n.认识的人；泛泛之交；熟人(a person one knows but not a close friend)；(对某事物的)了解(knowledge of)应试指导acquaintance作为高级词汇：(1)of sb.s acquaintance 代替that sb.know (某人所认识的)(2)on first acquaintance 代替when you meet sb.for the first time(3)make sb.s acquaintance 或make the acquaintance of sb.代替know sb.make ones acquaintancemake the acquaintance of sb.结识某人have an/some acquaintance(s) with sth.对某事有了解have a nodding/passing acquaintance with sb.与某人有点头之交acquaint oneself with sth.使熟悉，使了解be acquainted with了解，认识I made his acquaintance/made the acquaintance of him two years ago.我是两年前认识他的。He was my closest acquaintance.他是我的老相识。夯实基础(1)Ive been acquainted with their customs.I have acquainted myself with their customs.(用含有反身代词的短语改写句子)(2)We made the acquaintance of him four years ago.We have been acquainted with him since four years ago.(用be acquainted with改写句子)7strength n.力气；体力；强项；优势strengths and weaknesses优点和缺点have the strength of有做的力气(意志力)with all ones strength尽力build up ones strength增强实力strong adj.强大的；坚固的；坚强的；强壮的He hoped to strengthen the position of the natural sciences in the natural leading universities.他希望强化自然科学在一流大学里的地位。She was hired on the strength of her puter skills.基于她的计算机能力，她被录用了。夯实基础用strengthen的适当形式填空(1)Each model has its strengths and weaknesses.(2)The chair wasnt strong enough and it broke when he sat on it.(3)Doctors say his injured shoulder will take time to strengthen.8应试指导(1)过去分词作定语、状语(2)“原打算做某事”的用法(had intended to，intended to have done)intend to do/doing sth.打算、意图做某事intend sb.to do.意图让某人做某事be intended for/to do.旨在，预定用途；为打算的had intended to do.intended to have done.本打算做She intends to do A levels and go to university.她计划先参加高级考试，然后去读大学。This book is intended for children.这本书是供孩子们用的。夯实基础(1)They intended that the plan should be put into practice within this year.They intended the plan to be put into practice within this year.(改为简单句)(2)Peter had intended to take a job in business，but abandoned that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in xx.Peter intended to have taken a job in business，but abandoned that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in xx.(用不定式的完成时改写句子)9应试指导in possession of 作为高级词汇替换own，belong to be possessed of(possess oneself of)具有；拥有possess sb.of sth.使某人拥有possession n.所有，持有，占有be in possession of拥有(主语为人)be in the possession of(某物)被(某人)所拥有e into ones possession为某人所拥有take possession of占有；拥有Mr.Smith was possessed of great selfconfidence.史密斯先生具有很强的自信心。When her father died，she came into possession of a large fortune.她父亲去世时，她继承了一大笔财产。夯实基础He is in possession of the pany.(1)The pany is in the possession of him.(用the pany作主语改写句子)(2)He is possessed of the pany.(用possess短语改写句子)(3)He possesses the pany. (用possess v.改写句子)1hand down传给(后代)；把某事物传下去；正式宣布hand in上交,hand out颁发；分发；施舍hand on传递下去at hand(时间或空间上)尽在手边，在附近，即将到来(常与close，near等连用)on hand在近处(的)，现有(的)，在手头He also handed over a letter of apology from the Prime Minister.他还递交了一封首相写的道歉信。夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空(1)I wouldnt dare hand this project over to anyone else.(2)We have plenty of bread on hand so we can make sandwiches.(3)He handed out the books to everyone in the class.(4)This recipe has been handed down through generations.2应试指导“call副词”类语境词义辨析call for需要call at拜访某地call up给打电话；征召入伍；使回忆起call on sb.to do.号召某人做call off取消call out大声地说；召唤某人call in叫某人进来 call back回电话；再打电话When Im in Pittsburgh，I call him on.我每到匹兹堡，都去拜访他。Youngsters ing up to university were being called up.快上大学的青年人受到征召。夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空(1)Their recent protest was called off on account of tightened security.(2)This work called for more care and patience.(3)I was called up three months after the war broke out.(4)He called at her house but was refused admittance.3应试指导作为高级词汇替换happenIt es about that.发生。How does it e about that.？是怎样发生的？e across偶遇；被理解when it es to.当谈到e up with想出(主意)；找到(答案)As a result of carelessness，the project collapse came about in the last spring.去年春天，由于疏忽大意造成了工程的坍塌。That came about when we went to Glastonbury last year. 那是我们去年去格拉斯顿伯里的时候发生的事。特别提醒e about相当于happen或occur，均无被动形式。夯实基础语法填空(1)What on earth are the police busy with?They have been looking into how the plane crash came about.(2)When it es to speaking(speak) in public，no one can match him.(3)The meaning of this word will e across to you sooner or later.4应试指导look短语语境词义辨析look up to尊敬；仰视look up查阅look back on/at回顾look through浏览；仔细查看look on.as.把看作look into调查；观察look out (for)注意；留神I wasnt successful，so they looked down on me.我一无所成，所以他们瞧不起我。夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空(1)Youre a popular girl，Grace，and a lot of the younger ones look up to you.(2)He happened to be looking through the medical book Grays Anatomy at the time.(3)Look out for thieves when you stay there.(4)A working party has been set up to look into the problem.5sort through分类，整理sort with与相符、一致或协调sort of有点儿How do we sort out fact from fiction?我们如何将事实与虚构区分开呢？I think the region can sort out its problems.我想该地区能解决自己的问题。夯实基础选词方框内的短语填空(1)She spent an afternoon sorting out her coins she collected.(2)Im sort of worried about Jenny.1No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full nights sleep.他们刚一搬进去噪音就开始了，而且他们几乎没有睡过一个囫囵觉。(1)no sooner.than.表示“一就；刚就”，主句常用过去完成时，than从句中常用一般过去时。当no sooner位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。(2)类似句型：hardly/scarcely.when.意思是“一就；刚就”，主句常用过去完成时，when引导的从句常用一般过去时。当hardly/scarcely位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚演讲完，同学们就开始喝起彩来。No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.我刚离开家就下雨了。夯实基础No sooner had he returned home than he called me and asked about my work.(1)He had no sooner returned home than he called me and asked about my work.(用陈述语序改写句子)(2)Hardly had he returned home when he called me and asked about my work.(用hardly.when.倒装句改写句子)(3)He called me and asked about my work as soon as he returned home.(用as soon as改写句子)2.but it is the fact that people have classified his music as “noise” that upsets him most.但是，人们把他的音乐归类为“噪音”的事实使他最心烦。(1)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他部分(若被强调的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一律用that)。另外要注意：这种句型可以强调句子的主语、宾语和状语，一般不能用来强调谓语、表语、补足语等。(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it 被强调部分that/who.?(3)强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词is/was itthat.?(4)对not.until.句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他部分。It is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient.是团队合作而不是单打独斗让我脱离烦恼、工作更高效。(湖北短文写作)It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that it was high time to take action to stop pollution.直到这个地方被严重污染了他们才意识到该采取行动阻止污染了。夯实基础对下面句子中的划线部分进行强调(1)I didnt leave until he came.It was not until he came that I left.(2)Who does this place belong to?Who is it that this place belongs to?(3)I wonder what you were doing at this time yesterday.I wonder what it was that you were doing at this time yesterday.(4)He came to see us yesterday.It was yesterday that he came to see us.3This patient still had fresh scars from his first visit to us and this time hed had both his legs blown off.这个病人还带着第一次在我们这里住院时留下的新伤疤，而这次他的双腿被炸掉了have sth.done中过去分词作宾补，表示被动的含义，有时也可用get sth.done来替换，该结构的意思是“使某事被做”，有时翻译成“请人做某事”或“主语遭遇到某事”。have sb.do.让某人做某事,have sb./sth.doing.让某人一直做某事/某事处于某种状态，用于否定句，have表示“容忍、容许”之意。,have sth.to do.有事要做，have意为“有”。I wont have you talking to your mother like that.我不允许你那样和你妈妈说话。Youd better have your car running slowly.你最好把车子开慢点。夯实基础语法填空(1)The two men had the lights burning(burn) all night long.(2)I have a position to write(write)，so I cant go out.(3)Mother had me post(post) the letter out.(4)I had my watch repaired(repair) yesterday.(5)I wont have you lying (lie) to your father.4 单元语法同义句改写(1)Tom often es to school late.It is Tom who often es to school late.(2)I have never seen him recently.Never have I seen him recently.(3)You are not going out until youve finished your homework.It is not until youve finished your homework that you are going out.(4)After he finished his work，he went out.Having finished his work，he went out.(5)He had hardly gone out when the telephone rang.Hardly had he gone out when the telephone rang.高考题组.短文改错(xx辽宁)Dear Diana，Thank you for the lovely day we have with you.It was so kind for you to let us bring Annes friend，Gina.Unfortunate，the only problem was the journey home.There had been a terrible accident on the highway and，for a result，there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile.In the end，we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.They finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way to home.Much love， Fiona答案Dear Diana，Thank you for the lovely day we with you.It was so kind you to let us bring Annes friend，Gina.，the only problem was the journey home.There had been a terrible accident on the highway and， a result，there was a long line of traffic for at least six .In the end，we drove to a service station and waited there the road was clear.In the car park Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way to home.Much love， Fiona.写作常用句翻译1.我被任命负责安排那天的所有活动。(appoint)(2011天津书面表达)I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.2.然后我开始意识到了同学们的力量并让他们每个人都干好班内的工作。(strength)(2011湖北短文写作)Thus I began to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class.3.当妈妈回顾他们结婚初期的时候，她不知道用那么少的钱是怎样度日的。(look back on)(2011上海，29)When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage，she wondered how they had managed with so little money.4.总之，礼貌用语会使你的生活更方便。(It is.that.强调句型)(xx江西书面表达)In a word，it is polite words that will make your life bee convenient.模拟题组.语法填空1.Amie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed (appoint) to guard her.2.Its not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.3.I have an appointment with my dentist.I am to see him this afternoon.4.It was only after he had read the papers that Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to plete.5.Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car washed (wash).6.I have a lot of readings to plete (plete) before the end of this term.7.The film intended (intend) for children turned out to be wele by people of different ages.8.Did Linda see the traffic accident?No，no sooner had she gone than it happened.9.Did Peter fix the puter himself?He had it fixed (fix)，because he doesnt know much about puters.10.My friend，Bob，takes possession of most of the panys shares，and the rest are in the possession of other workers.单句改错1.They wanted to make promise with the government，but failed.make后加上a2.He is a man with a strong prejudice of products of this style.ofagainst3.Exposed children too much TVs does harm to them.ExposedExposing4.He likes reading English newspapers，who has subscribed China Daily for years.subscribed后加上to5.He shot the bird but the bird was lucky to escape.shot后加上at6.She is a person，who always looks down others.down后加上on或upon7.Being as a student，you should concentrate your attention on your study.去掉as8.They said they were driven mad being exposed to such noise.were后加上being9.No sooner had they moved in when the noise began and rarely did they get a full nights sleep.whenthan10.The fact which he has gone abroad makes her sad.whichthat.写作句式升级训练I think immediate action should be taken.From where I stand，immediate action should be taken.(用from where改写).阅读理解Smaller than most of the other kids in the sixth grade，Joey looked for challenges that no ot