2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 真题分类 名词.doc

2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 真题分类 名词【xx辽宁卷】23The accident caused some _ to my car，but its nothing serious.Aharm BinjuryCruin Ddamage【解析】harm意为“危害；伤害”，主要指精神上的伤害；injury意为“受伤”，主要指躯体和情感上的伤害；ruin意为“毁灭；废墟；崩溃”，强调毁灭和不可修复；damage意为“损坏；损毁；损失”，强调使部分功能缺失。句意为“这起事故对我的汽车造成了一些损坏，但是不太严重”。【答案】D【xx湖北卷】21Poetry written from the_of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.AperspectiveBpriorityCparticipation Dprivilege【解析】四个名词选项的主要含义：perspective“视角，观点”；priority“优先(权)，优先考虑的事”；participation“参加，参与”；privilege“特权，优惠”。语境表示从都市年轻人这个群体的角度写的诗歌，因此选A。句意：以都市年轻人的视角写的诗歌往往反映他们因为缺乏归属感而产生的焦虑。【答案】A【xx湖北卷】22Carbon dioxide, which makes a_between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is being warmer.Adifference BparisonCconnection Dbarrier【解析】四个名词选项的主要含义：difference“分歧，区别”；parison“比较”；connection“联系”；barrier“障碍，屏障”。语境说地球的热量因二氧化碳而不容易释放出大气层，因此这里选D，表示“障碍，屏障”。句意：二氧化碳是我们和太阳之间的一道屏障，它使地球上的热量不容易释放出大气层，于是地球就变得越来越暖和。【答案】D【xx江西卷】22Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with_.Acuriosity BsatisfactionCenvy Dpatience【解析】选项中四个单词均为名词，curiosity意为“好奇心”；satisfaction意为“满意”；envy意为“忌妒”；patience意为“耐心”。句意：无论什么时候我犯错，老师都耐心地把它们指出来。由语境可知D项正确。【答案】D【xx天津卷】7While she was in Paris，she developed a _ for fine art.Away BrelationCtaste Dhabit【解析】句意：“在巴黎期间，她喜欢上了艺术。”develop a taste for“养成爱好；喜欢上；爱上”。【答案】C【xx浙江卷】4As the worlds population continues to grow，the _ of food bees more and more of a concern.Aworth BsupplyCpackage Dlist【解析】题干的意思是：“随着世界人口的持续增长，粮食供应越来越令人担忧。”worth价值；supply供应；package包裹；list清单。“人口增长”与“粮食供应”是一对矛盾，人口越多，粮食供应就越紧张，所以应该选择B项。【答案】B【xx江苏卷】33With inspiration from other food cultures，American food culture can take a _ for the better.Ashare BchanceCturn Dlead【解析】本题中四个选项均为常见的名词，考查take分别与这四个名词构成的短语的含义。take a share分担，为出力；take a chance冒险；take a turn转弯，转；(情况、形势等)转变；take a lead领先，带头。根据本句关键信息for the better可知讲的是有所好转，变得更好。句意：有了源于其他食品文化的灵感，美国饮食文化可以变得更好。朗文辞典上也有类似的例句：The Presidents fortunes seem，at last，to have taken a turn for the better(started to improve)总统的时运似乎终于出现转机了。【答案】C【xx天津卷】7While she was in Paris，she developed a _ for fine art.Away BrelationCtaste Dhabit【解析】句意：“在巴黎期间，她喜欢上了艺术。”develop a taste for“养成爱好；喜欢上；爱上”。【答案】C【xx浙江卷】4As the worlds population continues to grow，the _ of food bees more and more of a concern.Aworth BsupplyCpackage Dlist【解析】题干的意思是：“随着世界人口的持续增长，粮食供应越来越令人担忧。”worth价值；supply供应；package包裹；list清单。“人口增长”与“粮食供应”是一对矛盾，人口越多，粮食供应就越紧张，所以应该选择B项。【答案】B【xx福建卷】25. 一 Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?一 Well, you know, English is my . So it is my best choice.A. strengthB. talentC. abilityD.skill【考点】本题考查名词辨析【答案】A【解析】根据后半句的进一步解释“So it is my best choice”“这是我最好的选择”可知本空指的是“英语是我的强项”，strength意为“优势，强项”与weakness是反义词。【xx浙江卷】7.Your as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.A. operationB. growthC. performanceD. character【考点】名词【答案】C【解析】根据句意：作为一个学生，如果你能养成一种经常思考如何学习的习惯，你的表现（performance）一定会很优秀。operation操作、手术；growth增长；character人物、角色，均不符合语境，故排除。【xx湖北卷】29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _.A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow【考点】考查名词辨析。难度中等。【答案】 A【解析】句意为：定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾症状很重要，这些眼病可能没有任何症状。A项意为“症状”，符合句意；B项意为“类似”，C项意为“样本”，D项意为“阴影”，都与语意不符。【xx湖北卷】30. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct _ in applying for a visa. A. pattern B. procedure C. program D. perspective【考点】考查名词辨析。难度较易。【答案】 B【解析】句意为：这位官员坚持认定Michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。B项意为“程序”，符合句意；A项意为“模式”，C项意为“节目”，D项意为“远景”，都与语意不符。【xx江苏卷】21. Can I help you with it? I appreciate your, but I can manage it myself.A. adviceB. questionC. offer D. idea【考点】名词词义辨析【答案】C【解析】句意为：我可以帮你吗？我感激你的提议 “offer”，但我自己能设法做的。offer意为“提议”，符合题意。A意为“建议，劝告”；B意为“问题”；D意为“想法，主意”。【xx江西卷】29Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future .ApurposeBreferenceCprogressDmemory【考点】考查词义辨析【答案】B【解析】你最好写下这个餐馆的电话号码以便日后参考用。for future reference是一个常用词组搭配，表示“以供日后参考”。【xx四川卷】15. He will e to understand your efforts sooner or later. Its just a matter of _.A. luck B. value C. time D. fact【考点】本题考查名词辨析。【答案】 C 【解析】句意为：他迟早会渐渐理解你付出的努力的。这只是个时间的问题。Luck运气； value价值；time时间；fact事实；据句意选C。【xx全国II】19. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _ in this city.A. quantity B. progress C. production D. demand【考点】考查名词词义辨析。【答案】D【解析】此处quantity数量；progress进步； production生产；demand要求。这里be in great demand意为：需求量很大，畅销。句意：哈利波特很受欢迎；在这个城市有很大的需求量。【xx天津卷】3.You were working too hard. Youd better keep a _between work and relaxation. A. promiseB. leadC. balanceD. diary【考点】考查名词辨析。【答案】C【解析】句意：你一直工作太辛苦了，你最好协调好工作与休息之间的关系。keep a balance betweenand协调好与的关系；promise诺言； lead 领先；diary日记。【2011江苏卷,27】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.AconsequenceBindependenceCpetenceDintelligence【考点】考查名词辨析。【答案】C【解析】句意为 “教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。”consequence后果，结果；independence独立；petence能力，胜任，称职；intelligence智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选C。【2011福建,26】The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection【考点】考查名词的辨义。【答案】B【解析】句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。”result结果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。cause与global climate change存在着因果关系，故选B。【2011浙江卷,18】Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my _.A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions【考点】考查名词的辨义。【答案】B【解析】句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪；principle原则，准则；regulation规定，规则；opinions意见。根据句意选B。【2011四川卷,13】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens . A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance【考点】考查名词的辨义。【答案】C【解析】句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。”out of touch不联系，不接触；out of sight看不见, 在视野之外；out of reach手够不着, 达不到；out of distance远离=far away。根据前面的交代的危险品，选C。【2011湖北卷,21】“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with_ clearly in her voice.A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic【考点】考查名词的辨义。【答案】D【解析】句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂着明显的惊慌。”anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔；panic惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选D。【2011湖北卷,22】Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big_, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A. project B. mitment C. petition D. ambition【考点】考查名词的辨义。【答案】B【解析】句意：当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。project项目, 计划, 方案, 课题；mitment献身，奉献，投入；petition比赛，竞争；ambition抱负，雄心，野心。mitment与后面的decision相呼应，故选B。【2011江西卷31】Whats the_, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself?A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point【考点】考查名词的辨义。【答案】D【解析】句意：你认为如果他自己不努力帮助自己的话，别人去帮助他还有什么意义呢？sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。选D。【2011山东卷,34】Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship【考点】考查名词的辨义。【答案】A【解析】句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。”tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系，联系。句中somebody 与they相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。