2019-2020年高中英语 Unit1 Great scientists单元测试 新人教版必修5.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Unit1 Great scientists单元测试 新人教版必修5I. 单项选择 (15分)1. Its dangerous to get close to the building_. A. under construction B. built C. been built D. building 2. The bad weather was partly_ for crop failure this year. A. blame B. to blame C. blaming D. to have blamed3. _to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed4. The student was _reading the novel that he didnt sense that his teacher was just standing beside him. A. very absorbing B. very absorbed in C. so absorbed in D. so absorbed on 5. Dont use words，expressions，or phrases _only to people with specific knowledge.A. being known B. having been knownC. to be known D. known6. It is believed that if a book is_，it will surely _the reader.A. interested；interest B. interesting；be interestedC. interested；be interesting D. interesting；interest7. Only in this way _our goals.A. we can reach B. can we arriveC. we can arrive D. can we reach8. He wanted his house _in a way _ natural.A. to build；to look B. build；lookingC. built；to look D. being built；looks9. Can I help you？Id like to have the package_, madam.A. weighed B. to be weighedC. to weigh D. weighing10. _ the injures to his face and hands，he broke his left leg.A. Beside B. DespiteC. Apart from D. Because of11. Lets go shopping after school._. Call for me at any time.A. That depends B. Hold on，pleaseC. Why D. Sounds good12. Usually children are allowed to _ when they are six years old.A. attend school B. attend the schoolC. join school D. join the school13. His failure in the experiment suggested that he _ his teachers proper instructions.A. should not have followed B. should not followC. mustnt have followed D. hadnt followed 14. I suggested that he _ the manager before he decided. A. telephoned B. would telephoneC. telephone D. had to telephone 15. Yang Liwei was surrounded by the audience _ he stepped off the stage. A. until B. through C. now that D. immediatelyII. 完形填空(30分)A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full16of the facts he observes.He doesnt accept ideas which are not17on obvious facts，and therefore refuses toaccept authority(权威) as the only18for truth.He always19ideas carefully and makes experiment to prove them.The rise of20science may perhaps be considered to21as far back as the22of Roger Bacon，the wonderful philosopher of Oxford，who lived23the years 1214 and 1292.He was probably the first in the Middle24to suggest that we should learn science25observing and experimenting on the things around us，and he himself26many important discoveries.Galileo，however，who lived more than 300 years later，was the greatest of several great men，27lived in Italy，France，Germany，or England，began by28to show how many important29could be discovered by observation.Before Galileo，learned men believed that large bodies fell more30towards the earth than small ones，31Aristotle said so.But Galileo，going to the32of the Leaning Tower of Pisa，let fall two 33stones and proved Aristotle was wrong.It was Galileos34of going direct to Nature，and proving our35and theories by experiment，that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.16.A.useB. timeC. speedD. trust17.A.workedB. basedC. livedD. written18.A.reasonB. causeC. adviceD. result19.A.thinksB. checksC. hasD. learn20.A.naturalB. physicalC. ancientD. modern。21.A.dateB. keepC. look D. take22.A.studyB. timeC. year D. birth23.A.both B. each C. between D. among24.A.Schools B. Ages C. Days D. Countries25.A.in B. with C. onD. by26.A.did B. made C. took D. gave27.A.who B. when C. that D. where28.A.ways B. degrees C. levels D. chance29.A.truths B. problems C. people D. subjects30.A.slowly B. rapidly C. lightly D. heavily31.A.when B. because C. although D. if32.A.place B. foot C. top D. ceiling33.A.big B. small C. equal D. unequal34.A.spirit B. skill C. theory D. discovery35.A.plans B. opinions C. world D. abilityIII. 阅读理解 （40分）第一节：从四个选项中选出正确答案。AWhatever our differences as human beings are, we all think were more like the rest of the animal world than we realize. It is said that we share 40 percent of our genetic structure with the simple worm.But that fact has helped Sir John Sulston win the xx Nobel Prize for Medicine. Sir John is the founder of the Sanger Institute in Cambridge，which was set up in 1992 to get further understanding of the human genome.To help them do this, they turned to the worm. The nematode(线虫类的)worm is one of the earliest creatures on earth. It is less than one millimeter log, pletely transparent(透明的)and spends its entire life-digging holes through sand. But it still has lots to say about human life，and what can be done to make it better.What the worm told Sir John and his colleagues was that each of the cells in the human body is programmed like a puter.They grow，develop and die according to a set of instructions that are coded in our genetic make-up.Many of the diseases that humans suffer from happen when these instructions go wrong or are not obeyed. When the cell refuses to die but carries on growing instead，this leads to cancer.Heart attacks and diseases like AIDS cause more cell deaths than normal, increasing the damage they do to the body. Sir John was the first scientist to prove the existence of programmed cell death.36. Sir John Sulston got a Nobel Prize for Medicine because he has_.A. found that human beings are similar to the wormB. got the fact we share 40 percent of our genetic structure with the simple wormC. found the puter which controls each of the cells in the human bodyD. proved that cell death is programmed37. People might be seriously ill if the cells in their body_.A. grow without being instructedB. die regularlyC. fail to follow peoples instructionsD. develop in the human body38.The underlined word “they” refers to“_”.A. cell deaths B. diseasesC. instructions D. cells39.What is the subject discussed in the text？A. The theory of programmed cell deaths.B. A great scientistSir John Sulston.C. The programmed human life.D. The genetic structure.BWhat makes a person a scientist？Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others？The answer is “no”. It isnt the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which make him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter(木匠).You will probably agree，too，that knowing how to investigate(调查)，how to discover information，is important to everyone. The scientist，however，goes one step further；he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.The scientists knowledge must be exact. Theres no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration(实证)must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason why investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein，who developed the Theory of Relativity arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy(正确性)of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einsteins ideas were proved to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations(计算)that may test his investigations.40.What makes a scientist according to the passage？A. The tools he uses.B. His ways of learning.C. The way he uses his tools.D. The various tools he uses.41.“.knowing how to investigate，how to discover information，is important to everyone.” The writer says this to show_.A. the importance of informationB. the difference between scientists and ordinary peopleC. the importance of thinkingD. the difference between carpenters and ordinary people42. A sound scientific theory should be one that_.A. works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other timesB. doesnt allow any change even under different conditionsC. works under one set of conditions and cant work under the same conditions at other timesD. can be used for many purposes43.What is the main idea of the passage？A. Scientists are different from ordinary people.B. The Theory of Relativity.C. Exactness is the core(核心)of science.D. Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to making of a scientist.CAlbert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century. He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He is generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived. Whats more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1939, Einstein, who loved peaceafraid of a world in which only Hitler would had an atomic bomb（原子弹）tried hard to persuade President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium research. That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of soldiers in the world.Although he wasnt connected with any accepted religion（宗教）, Einstein felt that trust in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder. The universe to him was one of pure law and order. He once said, “God may know everything, but he is not hateful.”44. From the passage we know that . A. no scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this century B. Albert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his time C. Albert Einstein made the first atomic bomb for the United States of America D. Albert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reasons45. If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan, he would . A. have continued his scientific research B. have won another Nobel Prize for physics C. not have advised starting uranium research in the U. S. A. D. not have moved to the U. S. A.46. Einstein in 1933. A. visited England and the U. S. A. B. lost everything C. became a man without a country D. both A and C47. Einstein believed that everything in the universe . A. was kept in order by its own law B. had nothing to do with each other C. happened in an irregular way D. was made by the personal GodD“Thats funny! These fellows in the middle of the plate have died.” Dr Alexander Fleming was talking to another doctor in a laboratory in London. He had been studying some germs（细菌）that he was growing on a plate. They were very dangerous germs because they caused different kinds of illnesses that could kill people. Dr Fleming found that a mould（霉菌）had floated in through the window landing on the plate. It had killed some of the germs it had touched.“This certainly looks promising.” Fleming said. “We must grow some of this mould to see if it will kill other germs.”He named the strange mould “penicillin”. It proved to be a killer of many germs. Fifty mice were given deadly germs and then half of them were injected（注射）with penicillin. The twenty-five untreated mice died, but twenty-four of those lived that had been treated with penicillin. Dr Fleming wrote a report about what he had found out. Hardly anybody took any notice of it.In 1938 Dr Howard Florey, an Australian working in London, read Dr Flemings report and was very interested. He found that penicillin was effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings.When World War II broke out, it was not possible to make enough penicillin in England. Dr Florey went to America where he helped to have enormous amounts of this wonderful drug made. It saved the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen who would have died from their wounds if the hospitals had not had penicillin.48. Dr Alexander Fleming . A. had been studying a mould which was very dangerous and could kill people B. had been studying some of the germs on a plate which could cure illnesses C. had been making experiments on some germs that he was growing on a plate D. had been making experiments on different germs that could help sick people to get better49. Some of the germs on the plate . A. had been killed by a mould floating in through the window B. had been killing one another, which was a surprise to Fleming C. had been killed by a mould that had been grown by Dr Alexander Fleming D. had been killed by a mould found by another doctor50. The reason why the twenty-five mice died was that . A. they had been given deadly germs and had been injected with penicillin B. they were almost dead ahead of the experiment C. they were easy to die in the experiment D. they had been given deadly germs and had not been injected with penicillin51. In 1938, an Australian working in London named Howard Florey read Dr Flemings report and . A. left England for America, making the drug B. went to America to save the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen C. found penicillin effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings D. went to America to make this drug for mice52. The word “enormous” means . A. 剩余的 B. 恰当的 C. 少许的 D. 巨大的DLouis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist, invented “pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go “bad” due to a purely chemical process (变化过程). But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms (微生物) caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation (发酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honour, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea (婴儿腹泻) and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions, of lives worldwide.53. Pasteur became in 1854. A. the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille B. the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille C. the general manager of a large beer-making pany D. the president of the University of Lille54. According to the passage, Lille was a major center for in the mid-19th century. A. growing grain crops B. making beer and wine C. doing chemical research D. producing various kinds of yeasts55. In the last sentence of paragraph 1, the underlined word “they” refers to . A. wine and beer B. food and drinks C. the various yeasts D. other organismsIV. 短文改错（满分10分）下面短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分In my village a lot of children were leaving school for 1. _various reason. Some families are too poor to send their children 2. _to school, and they have to earn money to support their families. 3. _Many parents think it useful to send their children to school. 4. _They would rather let their children to stay at home. 5. _I feel worried about this. I think every child should have a 6. _chance to go to school. We should pay many attention to the 7. _education of children, for we will play an important part in 8. _our socialist construction in the future. Ways must be found 9. _prevent children from leave off their studies. 10._V.书面表达（25分）随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越多的人拥有了自己的汽车，你班同学就此展开了一次讨论，提出两种不同的观点和看法。请你根据所提供的信息给报社写一封信，客观介绍这两种看法。赞同者认为：1.方便、快捷、舒适的交通工具；2.反映出国民生活条件提高，国家富强；3.带动其他行业发展。反对者认为：1.废气污染严重；2.过多则影响交通，导致更多事故；3.停车问题日益突出。注意：1.信的开头已给出；2.词数：100左右；3.参考词汇：方便的 convenient；交通 transportationDear editor，Im writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether it is good or not for families to own cars. _ _ _