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KnowledgeandWisdom,1,BertrandRussell,1950年，罗素获得诺贝尔文学奖，已表彰其“多样且重要的作品，持续不断的追求人道主义理想和思想自由。”In1950,RussellwasmadeaNobelLaureateinLiterature,“inrecognitionofhisvariedandsignificantwritingsinwhichhechampionshumanitarianidealsandfreedomofthought.”,2,BertrandRussell,Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:theloningforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.三种既简单又极为强烈的激情一直支配着我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求和对人类苦难不堪忍受的悲哀。-BertrandRussell,3,ProverbsaboutKnowledgeandWisdom,Knowledgespeaks,butwisdomlistens.Knowledgeinyouthiswisdominage.Wisdomisonlyfoundintruth.Wisdominthemindisbetterthanmoneyinthehand./Wisdomismoretobeenviedthanriches.Pre-readingQuestion:Howdoyoudefinewisdom,knowledgeandtheirrelationshipinyourlife?,4,KnowledgeandWisdom-MarieStaniforth,chaptpn.小伙子，男人，家伙nurseryrhyme:poemorsongforyoungchildren儿歌;童谣daftdftadj.愚笨的,癫狂的,狂闹的respectablea.可敬的；有身价的,5,“Isaidknowledgeisknowingthatatomatoisafruit,andwisdomisknowingnottoputitinafruitsalad.”,6,SpiritualWisdom-SriChinmoy,Whatdowemeanbythewordwisdom?Usuallywemeansomethingsuperiortoknowledge,somethingdeeper.Inthespiritualworld,thewordwisdomisnotusedinthatway.HerewisdommeansLight,illuminingLight,transformingLight.Thatwhichilluminesourunlitconsciousnessiswisdom.ThatwhichtransformsthefiniteconsciousnessintotheinfiniteConsciousnessiscalledwisdom.,7,StructuralAnalysis,Part1(Para1)-introducethetopicPart2(Para2-5)themainbody4factorsthatconsititutewisdom:1.senseofproportion2.theendsofhumanlife3.open-mindedness4.impartiality,8,WordAnalysis,proportion:(TEM-4)comparativepartorshareofawhole;fractioneg.alargeoftheearthssurfaceTheofthepopulationstillspeakingthedialectisverysmall.(ofsthtosth)relationofonethingtoanotherinquantity,size,etc;ratioeg.Theofimportstoexportsisworryingthegovernment.theofpassestofailuresinthefinalexam,9,WordAnalysis,proportion:(TEM-4)correctoridealrelationinsize,degree,etcbetweenonethingandanotherorbetweenthepartsofawhole:in/outofeg.thetwowindowsareinadmirable.proportional:correspondinginsize,amountordegree(tosth);incorrect,10,WordAnalysis,E-CAfixedofthefundisinvestedinBritishfirms.Whatistheofmentowomeninthepopulation.Trytodrawthefiguresintheforegroundin.C-E他的薪金与工作量成比例，但与花费的时间不成比例。Hispaymentisinto/proportionaltothe(amountof)workdone,butnotinto/proportionaltothetimetakentoit.,11,WordAnalysis,end:n.aimorpurposegain/win/achieveonesends达到目的withthisendinview/tothisend以此为目标/未达到此目的(saying)theendjustifiesthemeans:evenwrongorunfairmethodsmaybeallowediftheresultorpurposeoftheactionisgood.只要目的正当，可以不择手段。,12,WordAnalysis,impartial:adj.notfavoringonepersonorthingmorethananother;fairorneutraleg.anjudge,judgmentimpartiality:n.eg.Theyshowedcompleteindiscussingthesesensitiveissues.impartially:adv.treatprisoners,13,WordAnalysis,partial:(TEM4)adj.oforformingapart;notcompleteeg.asuccess/aeclipseofsun(towardssb/sth)showingtoomuchfavortoonepersonorside;biasedeg.Therefereewasaccusedofbeingsb/sth:havingastronglikingforsb/stheg.Hestoaglassofbrandyafterdinner.,14,TextAnalysis,15,Part1,Whatisthecommonlyacceptedintermsofknowledgeandwisdom?Mostpeoplebelievethatknowledgeisnotequaltowisdomashistoryhassuggestedthattheacquisitionofknowledgedoesnotnecessarilyleadtotheincreaseofwisdom.,16,LanguagePointsinPart1,surpass:(fml)vt.beevenbetterorgreaterthansb.orsth.else.eg.Asthesayinggoes,thelatecomerstheearlystarter.expectations/hopes/dreamssurpassing:a.(fml)ofhighqualityordegree;exceptionaleg.beauty,17,LanguagePointsinPart1,surpassC-E你今天特别行！我万万没想到风景那么漂亮。yourselfexpectation,18,LanguagePointsinPart1,cease:vi.tostopdoingsomething；n.Therainhasceased.Withoutceasecease-fireWonderswillnevercease.(Proverb),19,Part2-Para2,Skimandscanparagraph2andjudgethefollowingstatementtrue/false:Ithasbecomemoreandmoredifficultforscientistsandtechnicianstoobtainasenseofproportion.,20,LanguagePointsinPara2,Takeaccountof=takesomethingintoaccountHisexamresultswerenotverygood,butwemusthislongillness.他的考试成绩不好，但是我们必须考虑到他曾经长期生病。,21,LanguagePointsinPara2,Theteacherspromisedtotakeaccountofthewishesoftheparentsbeforemakinganychanges.教师们答应在做出变更之前要考虑家长的愿望。,22,LanguagePointsinPara2,Attachto1）Tocausetobelongtoforalimitedperiod使参加，使属于DuringthewarIwasattachedtothenavalcollegeasaninstructor.,23,LanguagePointsinPara2,战争期间我被分配到海军军事学院当教官。Igotlost,soIattachedmyselftoanotherpartyoftourists.我由于迷了路，所以只好加入另一个旅行团。,24,Whatdoessenseofproportionmean?,25,Thewriterexplainswhatsenseofproportionmeans-theabilitytotakeaccountofalltheimportanfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.Inotherwords,itreferstotheabiliytojudgecorrectlywhatfacorsareofmoreimportanceandwhatareoflessimportance.Inthearticle,comprehesivenessisalsousedtorefertothisability.,26,OftheseIshouldfirstputasenseofproportion:thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.Explaintheunderlinedpartinyourownwordsplease.,27,consider(whenjudgingasituation)/takeintoconsideration.givepropervaluetoeach/attachadequateimportancetoeach.,28,LanguagePointsinPara2,due:a.(TEM4)(作表语)(tosb):owedasadebtoranobligation（forsth）:owedsth;deservingsthtodosth:scheduled;arranged;expectedrequiringimmediatepayment(作定语)suitable;right;propereg.afterconsideration,29,LanguagePointsinPara2,due:a.(TEM4)E-CSheisforpromotionsoon.Havetheybeenpaidthemoneytothem.MyrentisntduetillWednesday.HisisbookistobepublishedinOctober.,30,LanguagePointsinPara2,dueto/owingtoHewaslate_theveryheavytraffic.Accidents_drivingathighspeedwereverycommonthatweekend._therain,thematchwascancelled.,31,LanguagePointsinPara2,spectacular:(TEM4)adj.(syn)magnificent,brilliantmakingaveryfinedisplayorshoweg.adisplayoffireworks/awaterfall/scene/sight/view/building(attractingattentionbecause)impressiveorextraordinaryeg.success/miracles/sound,32,LanguagePointsinPara2,spectacular:(TEM4)n.impressiveshow/performance,spectaclespectacle:n.-granddisplay,procession,performanceeg.TheceremonialopeningoftheAsianGameswasafine.-impressive,remarkableorinterestingsighteg.Thesunriseseenfromhighinthemountainswasatremendous.(idm)makeaofoneself,33,LanguagePointsinPara2,disinterestedVSuninterestedComparethemeaningof“interested”:Iamveryinlocalhistory.Thelawyerinvitedthepartiestodiscusstheproblem.disinterested/uninterestedSheseemedcompletely_inwhatIhadtotellheraboutmynewjob.Infinancialmatters,itisimportanttoget_advice.,34,Part2-Para3,Skimandscanparagraph2andjudgethefollowingstatementtrue/false:Historiansshouldbeimpartialandavoidbeingaffectedbytheirsentiment.,35,Part2-Para3,RefertoPara3.HereHegalsexampletellsusthathistoriansshouldviewfactsthroughtherightmeansofpassionsaswellasawidescopeofknowledge.,36,Part2-Para3,Accordingtothewriter,howarefeelingsrelatedtowisdom?(theauthorgivesusanexampletoillustratethis),37,Part2-Para3,Ifoneharborsnarrowfeelings,hisresearchandstudycouldbeharmfultothesociety.Theresearchcouldbedoneintheinterestofasmallgroup;theresultofhisstudycouldbebiased.Soknowledgeableasheis,heisnotawiseman.,38,Part2-Para3,Toimplantwisdom,oneisrequiredtomakeeffortstorestrainthenarrowpersonalfeelingsandhaveamoreextensivepassionforhumanlife.Thisiswhywisdomconsistsnotonlyoftheabilityofjudgingwhatismostimportantbutalsoofanawarenessofthegoalsofhumanlife.,39,LanguagePointsinPara3,constitute:-toformormakeup(fml)不用于进行时eg.The50statesthatconstitutetheUSA组成美国的50个州Yourattitudeconstitutesadirectchallengetomyauthority.你的态度成了对我权威的直接挑战。,40,LanguagePointsinPara3,constitute:-toformallyestablishorappoint制定,设立eg.Governmentshouldbeconstitutedbythewillofthepeople.政府应依人民的意志而设立,41,LanguagePointsinPara3,eminent(TEM4):a.-famousandadmiredeg.Eventhemosteminentdoctorscouldnotcurehim.甚至是最杰出的医生都治不好他的病。Heiseminentasasculptorandasaportraitpainter.他既是接触的雕刻家又是著名的肖像画家。,42,LanguagePointsinPara3,eminent(TEM4):a.-（ofqualities）remarkable;outstandingeg.amanofgoodness,43,LanguagePointsinPara3,eminent,distinguished,outstandingOutstanding指“优秀”，可指与周围事物截然不同的特征；Distinguished强调得到公认或礼遇的殊荣；Eminent语气最强烈，比较严肃，指一种固定的，受人尊敬的价值或品质，也指那些最受人尊崇的某一阶层人士。,44,LanguagePointsinPara3,eminent,distinguished,outstandingHelosthiswaybecausetherewasno_landmark.The_scientistrecentlywontheNobelPrize.Hisismanof_fairness.,45,LanguagePointsinPara3,distort(TEM4):v.(distortionn.)giveafalseordishonestaccountofeg.Thegovernmentwereaccusedofhavingsystematicallydistortedtheprotesterscase.pullortwist(sth)outofitsusualshapeeg.afacedistortedbypainMake(sth)lookunusualeg.adistortingmirrorTheannouncementwassodistortedthatIcouldntunderstandwhatwassaid.,46,LanguagePointsinPara3,inculcate(fml)Fixtheideainthemindofsb.反复灌输sth(in/intosb);sbwithsthC-Eeg.Theyinculcatethewilltosucceedinalltheirchildren.Theyinculcatealltheirchildrenwiththewilltosucceed.他们向子女反复灌输立志成功的决心。,47,LanguagePointsinPara3,standard-bearer:anoutstandingleaderofapoliticalmovementeg.Oneofthestandard-bearersoftheanti-nuclearmovement.反核运动的领导者之一。,48,LanguagePointsinPara3,bynomeans-innosense;certainlynot并没有；绝不：eg.Thisremarkbynomeansshouldbetakenlightly.这次讲话绝不能等闲视之.,49,Part2-Para4,Skimandscanparagraph4andjudgethefollowingstatementtrue/false:Anationalistextremistisnotwise.,50,Part2-Para4,RefertoPara4Anationalistextremistholdsanunjustifiedprejudiceagainstotherpeople,whichsignifiesalackofwisdom.,51,Part2-Para4,RefertoPara4Anationalistextremistholdsanunjustifiedprejudiceagainstotherpeople,whichsignifiesalackofwisdom.,52,LanguagepointsinPara4,emancipation(TEM4):n.emancipate:v.sb(fromsth)setsbfree,espfrompolitical,legalorsocialrestrictioneg.slavesWomenarestillstrugglingtobefullyemancipated.,53,LanguagepointsinPara4,attain-togainorachieveafterlongeffort达到，获得Sheattainedrankofdeputydirector.她晋升为副局长。attainonesobjective/goal/ambitionattainable,54,LanguagepointsinPara4,attainment:n.-successinreachingTheattainmentofherambitionswasstilladream.-thingattained,espskillorknowledgeascholarofthehighestattainments,55,Evenanendwhichitwouldbenobletopursueifitwereattainablemaybepursuedunwiselyifitisinherentlyimpossibleofachievement.Explainthesentenceinyourownwordsplease.,56,Itwouldbeunwisetopursueagoalthatisboundtofailthoughitmightbenobletodoso.attainable:cacapableofbeingattainedoraccomplished;chooseanattainablegoal;inherent:inthenatureofsomethingthoughnotreadilyapparent,57,LanguagepointsinPara4,elixir:n.asubstancebelievedtocureallillsE-Ceg.Dontimaginethatlowinginflationisanelixirforalloureconomicills.不要以为减少通货膨胀率就是医治我们所有的经济弊端的灵丹妙药。,58,LanguagepointsinPara4,confer:1)withsbon/aboutsthhavediscussion(espinordertoexchangeopinionsorgetadvice)C-Eeg.Sheconferwithheradvisersaboutbothprivateandbusinessissuesbeforeannouncingadecision.她先去请教顾问然后再来宣布私人问题或生意问题方面的决定。,59,LanguagepointsinPara4,confer:2)sthonsbtoofficiallygivesb.atitle,honor,favor,etc,especiallyasarewardforsomethingtheyhaveachieved.granteg.AnhonorarydegreewasconferredonhimbytheUniversity.,60,Nodoubt,iftheycouldhavefoundthem,theywouldhaveconferredgreatbenefitsuponmankind,butasitwastheirliveswerewasted.Explaintheunderlinedpartplease.,61,Certainly/Veryprobablybroughtagoodandhelpfuleffecttomankind.inreality/inactualsituation,62,asitwasVS.asitisVS.asitwereIthoughtthingswouldgetbetter,butasitis,theyaregettingworse.Weexpectedtoarriveat6:30p.m.,butasitwas,wearrivedat6:40p.m.Hebecomes,asitwere,amanwithoutacountry.,63,asitwere表示，asitusedtobe,在任何情况下，比如句子前半部分无论主语是单数是负数或者无论时态怎么样，此处一律写成asitwereeg.Theresponsibilityofprotectingtheenvironmentis,asitwere,witheverybody.Theguestssittingonthattablewere,asitwere,Mr.andMrs.Smiths.,64,Todescendtolessheroicmatters,considerthecaseoftwomen,Mr.AandMr.B,whohateeachotherand,throughmatualhatred,bringeachothertodestruction.Explaintheunderlinedpartplease.,65,talk(disapprovingly)aboutsomethinglessworthyorlessimportant.destroyorruineachotherheroic:veryimposingorimpressive;surpassingtheordinary(especiallyinsizeorscale);,66,descend:（TEM4）1）（fml）movedownwardorlowereg.Theballoondescendedgraduallyastheaircameout.2)(fml)(ofnight,darkness)falleg.Nightdescendsquicklyinwinter.descendto:doorsaysththatismeanandunworthy,67,Vice:(TEM4)-badnessofcharacter(性格上的)缺陷，弱点，邪恶)Wouldyoulikeawhisky?No,thanks;alcoholisntoneofmyvices.我没贪杯这个习惯SevendeadlysinsVSSevenHolyVirtues,68,instill:toteachsb.tothink,behave,orfeelinaparticularwayoveraperiodoftime逐渐灌输，逐步培养eg.instillconfidence/fear/disciplineetcintosb,69,C-EAmanagersjobistoinstilldeterminationintohisplayers.经理人的工作就是逐渐培养组员们的信心。Weinstilledtheneedfordisciplineandobedienceintothenewrecruits.我们逐渐使新兵懂得遵守纪律和服从命令的必要性。,70,Part2-Para5,RefertoPara5Judgewhetherthestatementtrue/false:Tobewisemeanstogetridofthephysicalrestraintentirelyandascendtothespiritualworld.,71,Themistakeliesintheextremityofthestatement.AccordingtoRussell,mancannotfreehimselfentirelyfromthephysicalandemotionalneed,soonecanonlygrowinwisdom,whichitselfisamatterofdegree.,72,beboundupwith:beintimatelyinvolvedin,dependentoneg.Thesurvivalofthesecreaturesisintimatelyboundupwiththehealthoftheocean.,73,Whatdoesconvincingeachthattheotherhasonlythenormalshareofhumanwickednesssuggest?Thissuggeststhatallhumansarewickedtosomeextent.,74,descend:（TEM4）1）（fml）movedownwardorlowereg.Theballoondescendedgraduallyastheaircameout.2)(fml)(ofnight,darkness)falleg.Nightdescendsquicklyinwinter.descendto:doorsaysththatismeanandunworthy,75,WhatdoesThisisofcourseamatterofdegree.mean?,76,descend:（TEM4）1）（fml）movedownwardorlowereg.Theballoondescendedgraduallyastheaircameout.2)(fml)(ofnight,darkness)falleg.Nightdescendsquicklyinwinter.descendto:doorsaysththatismeanandunworthy,77,Thewritersuggeststhatpeoplecannotavoidbeingpartial.Thedifferencebetweenawisemanandanunwisemanistheformerhaslesserdegreeofpartiality,asonebecomesmoreimpartial,hiswisdomgrows.,78,What,accordingtoRussell,istheessenceofwisdom?Andhowcanoneacquiretheveryessence?,79,AccordingtoRussell,theessenceofwisdomliesinimpartiality,theabilitytodefythephysicalworld.Russellbelievestheprocessofgrowingwiseisthatoftearingoneselfawayfromthephysicalandemotionalworldsandmovingintoahigherstage,thespiritualworld.,80,intellectualVSintelligentIntellectual:a.oforbelongingtotheintellecta.of,interestedinorabletodealwiththingsofthemind(egthearts,ideasfortheirownsake)n.apersonwhoiswellinformedandintelligent,81,intellectualVSintelligentIntelligent:havingorshowingintelligence,82,desirableVSdesirousdesirable:worthhaving;tobewishedforeg.asolutiondesirous:(fml/rhet)ofsth/doingsth/thateg.ofpeaceofrestoringrelationsbetweenourtwonations,83,undesirable:1)likelytocausetrouble/inconvenience;unwantedeg.Thedrughasnoeffects.2)(ofaperson,hishabits,etc)ofakindnottobewelcomedinsociety,objectiveeg.Sheisamostinfluence.,84,Keystoexercises:Vocabularyexercises:1.helptocultivateorfoster2.consider(whenjudgingasituation)/takeintoconsideration,givepropervaluetoeach/attachadequateimportancetoeach,85,Keystoexercises:Vocabularyexercises:3.Certainly/Veryprobablybroughtagoodandhelpfuleffecttomankind4.talk(disapprovingly)aboutsthlessworthyorlessimportantdestroyorruineachother,86,Keystoexercises:Vocabularyexercises:5.connectedwith/dependenton6.accordingly1.pursue2ceased3.attainable4enmity5.populous6surpassed7.impartial8appallingly,87,VocabularyExercises1.A.intellectualB.intelligentC.intelligentD.intellectual2.A.uninterestedB.disinterested3.A.continuousB.continual4.A.unaffectedB.Disaffected,88,VocabularyExercises5.A.ByallmeansB.bynomeans6.A.forgetfulB.forgettable1.beneficiaries2.undesirable3.horizontally4.descendants5.increasingly6.philosophical,89,VocabularyExercises1.contracted2.keepquiet3.investigate4.treat5.go6.lostconsciousness,90,more()than;nomore()than,notanymorethanmore()than:1)可以用于形容词和副词前以加强语气，意为“极其”、“非常”eg.Youwouldbemorethanwelcome.Theyweremorethangladtohelp.,91,more()than;nomore()than,notanymorethanmore()than:2)可以用于名词前，意为“不仅仅（是）”、“不只（是）”eg.Shewasmuchmorethanafriendtome.,92,more()than;nomore()than,notanymorethanmore()than:3)可以用于动词前作状语，意为“不仅”、“不但”eg.Imorethansawit,Ifeltittoo!,93,more()than;nomore()than,notanymorethanmore()than:4)可以连接两个形容词或名词，相当于ratherthaneg.Thelittlegirlismoreshythanstupid.Thisismoreawarmoviethanawestern.,94,more()than;nomore()than,notanymorethannomore()than:可以用于名词短语前，意思是“仅仅”、“只不过”eg.Heisnomorethanaworker/citizen.Moneyisnomorethan/nothingmorethanourservants.,95,more()than;nomore()than,notanymorethannomore()thanVSnotanymorethan:可以对两件事实或两种情况进行比较，意思是“和一样（也）不”eg.Physicsisnomoremathsthanitisphilosophy.IknownomoreSpanishthanIknowGreek.,96,more()than;nomore()than,notanymorethannomore()thanVSnotanymorethan:可以对两件事实或两种情况进行比较，意思是“和一样（也）不”eg.Idontlikesmokinganymorethanyoudo.,97,notmorethan:相当于notasas,意思是“没有那样”eg.Iamnotmoremadthanyouare.,98,TranslationExercises1.Theresultsurpassestheirexpectations.2.Weshouldtakeaccountofthecostoftheproject.3.Thefairweathercontributedtothesuccessofthescientificexpedition.,99,TranslationExercises4.Ronaldo,oneofthefootballstarsfromBrazil,scoredseveralspectaculargoalsin2002FIFAWorldCup.,100,TranslationExercises5.ManyhonorarydegreesfromdifferentcollegesanduniversitiesinAmericawereconferreduponRobertFrostforhisremarkablecontributionstopoetry.,101,TranslationExercises6.Patienceandperseverancearerequiredinemancipationfrombadhabits.,102,TranslationExercises7.Theytriedtoinstillsuchnewideasintostudentsminds.8.Youshoulddemonstrateimpartialityinyourassessmentoftheemployees.,103,ThankYou!,104,105,
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