2019-2020年高考英语 语法知识汇总 第17章 句子、句子成分与主谓一致.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 语法知识汇总 第17章 句子、句子成分与主谓一致第一节 真题精析1.She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million. 【04福建卷】Ahave reachedBhas reachedCare reachingDhad reached2. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.【04北京】 A. was B. were C. had been D. would be3.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. (1990)A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered4. When and where to build the new factory _ yet.(1991)A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided5. There_a lot of milk in the bottle. (09,上海) A. are B. is C. were D. has6. E-mail, as well as telephones, _an important part in daily munication. (09, 上海) A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 7. Nobody but Jane_ the secret. (1986) A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known 8. All but one _ here just now. (06) A. is B. was C. has been D. were9.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years（xx，上海） Ais Bare Chave been Dhas been 10. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. (1989)A. is B. are C. am D. be11. Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. (04,上海) A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out12. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the pany mander said. (1985, 上海) A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept13. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. (08,上海)A. is B. are C. being D. was14_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass（xx，上海） ATwo fifthis BTwo fifthare CTwo fifthsis DTwo fifthsare15Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.（xx，上海） Ais used Bare used Chas been used Dhave been used16.The number of people invitedfifty, but a number of them _absent for different reasons. 【NMET06】A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were【答案与解析】1.A该题考查动词时态与主谓一致的用法。前部分永乐现在完成是表结果，后半部分说销售达到五千万，也是表结果，the sales是复数。故选A。句意： 她创造了一项新纪录，也就是说，她的新书的销售达到了五千万。2. A该题考查主谓一致的用法。The teacher 是单数，此题用过去时。句意：那位老师和她班的6位女生8位男生，地震的时候正在参观博物馆。3.A 该题考查主谓一致与动词的时态与被动语态的用法。with five thousand books是A library的修饰语，主于还是A library故用单数，A library和offer是被动关系，此处强调的客观事实故用一般现在时态。句意：一个书库连同5000册书作为礼品捐献给了这个国家。4A该题考查主谓一致与动词的时态与被动语态的用法。不定式作主语用单数。句意：什么时候，在哪建新工厂还未定下来。5B该题考查主谓一致的用法。milk为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。句意：瓶子里有很多奶。6A该题考查主谓一致的用法。as well as telephones是E-mail的修饰语, 主于还是E-mail故用单数。句意：E-mail还有电话在日常交际中起着很重要的作用。7B该题考查主谓一致的用法。but Jane是 Nobody的修饰语, 主于还是Nobody故用单数。此处强调客观事实，故用一般现在时态。句意：除了詹没人知道这个秘密。8D该题考查主谓一致的用法。All是主语，but one只是修饰语。句意：除了一个外，都在这。9D该题考查主谓一致的用法。one of+名词复数作先行词，如果one前面有the only时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。句意：他是这三年以来唯一一个获得奖学金的学生。10B该题考查主谓一致的用法。使用就近原则。句意：不仅我而且詹与玛丽都讨厌一个接一个的考试。11.D该题考查主谓一致的用法。使用就近原则。句意：要么你要么是校长在会上为获奖学生颁发奖章。12.B该题考查主谓一致的用法。此句主语是news故用单数。句意：队长说“我们的部队一边向前开进，胜利的消息一个接一个的传来。”13A该题考查主谓一致的用法。使用意义一致原则。family强调的是整体，故用单数。句意：张的家庭很大，共有十二口人。14. C该题考查主谓一致的用法。分数是由“基数词+序数词”构成，如果基数词大于2序数词用复数，land为不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数。句意：该地区五分之二的土地为树木和草所覆盖。15.C该题考查主谓一致的用法。Means作“手段, 方法”解时，但复数一致，every修饰的就是单数。句意：所有的阻止污染的办法都用了，但是天空仍然不晴朗。16. C 该题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 意思是“的数目”，作主语时，谓语动词应为单数；a number of 的意思是“许多”，后接可数名词的复数形式，作主语时谓语动词应为复数形式。句意：邀请的人数50人，但是因种种原因有很多人缺席。第二节 考点归纳句子与句子成分在高考语法词汇方面虽然未直接体现，但是理解题干、阅读、写作等方面都非常重要，因此在本章中涉及了此方面的内容。一、句子成分由词或短语构成的能表达一个比较完整意思的语言单位,叫做句子(Sentence)。 构成句子的词和短语根据它们在句子中的作用可分为若干句子成分(Members of the Sentence)。一个句子要表达一个比较完整的意思,通常必须要有主语(Subject)和谓语(Predicate)两个主要部分。（一）主语(Subject)主语表明句子中说的是谁或是什么。通常由名词和代词来担任。此外,数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句也可以用作主语。例如：The teacher told us an interesting story.老师告诉我们一个有趣的故事。(名词)We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。(代词)Four and five is nine. 四加五等于九。(数词)Walking is good exercise.走路是很好的运动。(动名词)To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(动词不定式)What you need is more practice.你需要的是更多的练习。(从句)（二）谓语(Predicate Verb)谓语是用来说明主语做什么、是什么或怎么样的。谓语中不可缺少的部分是动词,通常叫谓语动词。谓语动词主要由动词或动词短语担任,有时也可由系动词加一个形容词或名词(或起同样作用的其他词类、短语或从句)担任。在后一种情况中,用来与系动词合成谓语的成分,叫做表语(Predicative) 也有人叫做主语补足语(Subject plement)。例如：We read English every morning.我们每天早晨读英语。(实义动词)His brother is a doctor. 他哥哥是医生。(系动词)Mr Smith became angry.史密斯先生生气了。(系动词)（三）宾语(Object)宾语一般用在及物动词后面,表示行为对象或结果。介词后面的名词或代词,叫做介词的宾语。通常由名词和代词担任。此外,数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、宾语从句也可以用作宾语。例如：Have you finished the exercise?你做完练习了吗?(名词作宾语)Lei Feng always thought of others.雷锋总是想着别人。(代词作介词宾语)She tore the cloth in three. 她把布撕成三块(名词作动词的宾语；数词作介词的宾语)She doesnt allow smoking in her house.她不允许在她的房子里抽烟。(动名词作宾语)You should continue to learn as long as you live.要活到老学到老。(不定式作宾语)I dont know when he will e.我不知道他什么时候来。(宾语从句作宾语)有些动词可以有两个宾语：直接宾语(Direct Object)与间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语通常出现在间接宾语之后。间接宾语一般是代表人的,直接宾语一般是代表事物的。例如：He gave the little girl a toy. =He gave a toy to the little girl.他给这个小女孩一个玩具。I bought a new book for Mary. 我给玛丽买了一本书。（四）定语(Attribute)定语是用来修饰或限制名词或代词。主要由形容词担任。此外,名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式(短语)、分词和定语从句等都可用作定语。例如：His words moved everyone present. 他的话使在场的人都很感动。(形容词修饰不定代词,要放在其后) This is a stone bridge. 这是一座石桥。(名词作定语)His father is our maths teacher. 他爸爸是我们的数学老师。(代词作定语)We belong to the third world. 我们属于第三世界。(数词作定语)They should have told us if there was anything up. 要是出了什么事,他们是应当告诉我们的。(副词作定语)Yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science. 这位科学家昨天给我们作了有关现代科学的报告。Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么要说的吗?(不定式作定语)Do you know the number of books ordered by the library.你知道图书馆定购了多少本书吗?(过去分词作定语)Barking dogs seldom bite. 爱叫的狗很少咬人。(现在分词作定语)He is a man whom we should all learn from. 他是一个大家都应学习的人。(定语从句作定语)（五）状语(Adverbial Modifier)状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。主要由副词担任。此外,形容词、介词短语、名词词组、动词不定式短语、分词短语及状语从句都可用作状语。例如：There is no post office around. 附近没有邮局。(副词)They all rushed over, eager to help.他们都跑了过来,急于要帮忙。(形容词)We learn to swim by swimming. 我们通过游泳学游泳。(介词)I shall stay another five months. 我将再呆五个月。(名词词组)I found her very difficult to work with. 我发现和她共事特别难。(动词不定式)She doesnt like to sit there doing nothing.她不愿意什么也不干闲坐在那里。(现在分词短语)He returned us the papers uncorrected.他把我们的作业没改就发还了。Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.不管在哪里我都会想到你。(地点状语从句)Ill let you know as soon as it is arranged.等安排好我就通知你。(时间状语从句)They will go to work on the farm if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天气好的话,他们就到农场干活。(条件状语从句)教你巧学巧记：巧析句子成分分析句子结构首先要找出主语和谓语。主语是一个句子叙述的主体，常在句首，由名词或代词担任。位于说明主语的动作或状态。常由动词担任。然后，再分析其他的词和短语，确定它们的成分。一、如果说明名词或代词，有三种情况：1修饰关系是定语。如：I like hardworking students. 我喜欢学习勤奋的学生。（hardworking在此修饰students，故是定语。）2是解释说明的关系，在语法上又处于同等地位，是同位语。如：He enjoys reading all sorts of books, science, fiction, biography etc.他喜欢读各种书籍科学、小说、传记等。（science, fiction, biography用来解释和说明books，故是同位语。）3逻辑上的主谓（或主系表）关系，意义上的补充，是补语。The man, tired and sleepy, went to bed. 那个人又困又累，就去睡了。（The man和tired and sleepy在逻辑上成主系表关系，如可说成：The man was tired and sleepy.故tired and sleepy是主语补足语）They named their first boy Jimmy.他们给第一个男孩取名叫吉米。（宾语their first boy和Jimmy在逻辑上主系表关系，如可说成：Their first boy is Jimmy. 故Jimmy是宾语补足语）二、如果说明动词,有两种情况:1修饰关系，是状语。如：The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。（remarkably是用来修饰动词improving的，故是状语。）2动作的对象或承受者，是宾语。如：They found the missing boy at last. 他们终于找到了那个失踪的男孩。（boy是谓语动词found的对象，故可判定boy是宾语。）三、如果说明形容词，有两种情况：1修饰关系，是状语。如：The kitchen is reasonably clean. 厨房还算干净。（reasonably是用来修饰形容词clean的，故是状语。）2词义的补充，一般是宾语。如：His new novel is worth reading. 他的新书值得一读。（reading是用来补充说明形容词worth的，故可看成worth的宾语。）四、在系动词后，说明主语的特征、状态和身份等，是表语。也称为一种主语补足语。如：She will bee a good wife. 她会成一个好妻子。（wife是系动词bee的表语）五、如果和句子没有语法联系，较独立成分。包括：1称呼语。如：Peter, you are wanted on the phone. 彼得，有你的电话。2感叹语。如：Why, the cage is empty. 哎呀，笼子空了。3插入语。如：Worst still, the storm washed the top soil.更糟糕的是，暴雨把地表的土全冲走了二、句子（一）简单句只有一个主语和一个谓语动词的句子称为简单句。英语简单句可分为五种基本句型，其它的句子可看成是这几种基本句型的扩展、组合、倒装、省略。这五个基本句式：主谓结构（S + V）；主系表结构（S + V + P ）；主谓宾结构（S + V + O ）；主谓双宾结构（S + V + IO + DO）；主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + C） 说明：S=主语；V=谓语；P=表语；O=宾语；IO=间接宾语；DO=直接宾语；C=宾语补足语简单句的五种基本句型歌诀学会准确运用英语简单句的五大基本句型，是学好英语的基本功之一。因此，同学们应花些时间掌握它们。请看下面这个口诀：英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键；系词后面接表语；vi.独身无牵连；vt.又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见，还有宾语补足语；各种搭配记心间。1、主谓结构（S + V）在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi)。He runs quickly他跑得快。They listened carefully他们听得很仔细。He suffered from cold and hunger他挨冻受饿。China belongs to the third world country中国属于第三世界国家。The gas has given out煤气用完了。My ink has run out我的钢笔水用完了。Plants grow well all the year round.一年四季植物生长良好。2、主系表结构（S + V + P ）在此句式中，V是系动词(link v)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，bee，turn等。He is older than he looks他比看上去要老。He seems interested in the book他似乎对这本书感兴趣。The story sounds interesting这个故事听起来有趣。The desk feels hard书桌摸起来很硬。The cake tastes nice饼尝起来很香。The flowers smell sweet and nice花闻起来香甜。You have grown taller than before你长得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill他突然病倒了。He stood quite still他静静地站着。He bees a teacher when he grew up他长大后当了教师。He could never turn traitor to his country他永远不会背叛他的祖国。注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式。He looked me up and down他上下打量我。He reached his hand to feel the elephant他伸出手来摸象。They are tasting the fish他们在品尝鱼。They grow rice in their hometown他们在家乡种水稻。Hes got a chair to sit on他有椅子坐。Please turn the sentence into English请把这个句于译成英语。3、主谓宾结构（S + V + O ）在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt)，因此有宾语。I saw a film yesterday我昨天看了一部电影。 Have you read the story?你读过这个故事吗?They found their home easily他们很容易地找到他们的家。They built a house last year他们去年建了一所房子。Theyve put up a factory in the village他们在村里建了一座工厂。They have taken good care of the children他们把这些孩子照看得很好。You should look after your children well你应该好好照看你的孩子。4、主谓双宾结构（S + V + IO + DO）在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。（1）简接宾语可以紧接动词之后，也可以用to后置。He gave me a book/a book to me他给了我一本书。He brought me a pen/a pen to me他带给我一枝钢笔。He offered me his seat/his seat to me他把座位让给我。 （2）简接宾语可以紧接动词之后，也可以用for后置Mother bought me a book/a book for me.妈妈给我买了一本书。He got me a chair/a chair for me他给我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me请帮我一下。He asked me a question/a question of me他问我个问题。（3）简接宾语不能紧接动词之后，要用介词后置They robbed the old man of his money他们抢了老人的钱。Hes warned me of the danger.他警告我注意危险。The doctor has cured him of his disease医生治好了他的病。We must rid the house of the rats我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。They deprived him of his right to speak他们剥夺了他说话的权利。5、主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + C）在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。They made the girl angry他们使这个女孩生气了。They found her happy that day他们发现那天她很高兴。I found him out我发现他出去了。I saw him in我见他在家。They saw a foot mark in the sand他们在沙地上发现了一个脚印。They named the boy Charlie他们给这个男孩起名为查理。I saw him e in and go out我见他进来又出去。They felt the car moving fast他们感到汽车行驶得很快。I heard the glass broken just now我刚才听到玻璃碎了。He found the door of study closed to him他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。6、There be 句型There be 结构是一个重要的基本句型，它由 “There + be + 主语+ 状语”构成。There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。There is a desk and two chairs in the room.屋子里有一张桌子两把椅子。二、并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句(pound sentence)。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立，互不依从，但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号（但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号）。常见的并列句结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句。这种简单句常被叫做分句。并列连词（或连接副词）根据不同含义，分为如下几类：1、表示连接，常用的有and、not only.but also、neither.nor等。Right now its the summer vacation and Im helping my dad on the farm.眼下正是暑假期间，我帮助爸爸在农场里干活。Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend. 他不仅是我们的老师，而且是我们的朋友。Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents e to search for him. 这调皮的男孩既不回家，他的父母也不寻找他。2、表示转折，常用的有but、yet、sill、however、while等。We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.在美国的南方，我们种植稻谷，而在较冷的北方，人们种植小麦。The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months, yet he couldnt find any work. 这个工人在纽约找工作己有几个月之久，但是仍然没有找到。Certainly he apologized, however, I wont forgive him. 他的确道歉了，然而我不会原谅他。Instead, he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens while hens could. 他反问他父亲，为什么他不能孵出小鸡，而母鸡却能。3、表示选择，常用的有or、or else、otherwise、otherwise、either.or等。They must be taken away from the heat of the fire, or they might get burnt. 他们必须从炉火边拿走，不然就有可能烤糊的。Take this bus or else you wont get there in time.搭这辆公共汽车吧，否则你将无法及时到达那里。Work hard, otherwise youll be sorry. 努力用功，否则你会后悔。Either you are mad or I am. 不是你疯了，就是我疯了。4、表示原因，只有for一个词。They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one , for being blind, how could they? 他们常常听说过大象，但从来没看到过，因为他们是瞎子，怎么能看到呢？5、表示结果，常用的有so、therefore。Its time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 这是一年中收割稻谷的时期，因此，我每天都从早到晚的劳动。He worked day and night, therefore, he was able to buy the sports car. 他日夜工作，所以有能力买那辆跑车。6、并列复合句除以上简单的并列句之外，还有一种较复杂的并列句，叫做并列复合句(pound plex sentence)，即其中的一个分句可包含一个以上从句。I sucked a finger, but the finger I put into my mouth was not the one I had dipped into the cup. 我吮吸了手指，但是我放进嘴里的指头不是我在杯子里蘸了一下的那个指头。这句话中的第二个分句即含有定语从句I put into my mouth及I had dipped into the cup。在语言的实际运用中，可能会有更加复杂的并列句，如并列句可有更多的分句，分句里可能有一个以上的从句，从句里可能又有从句。但读者只要掌握了各种句子的结构，不管句子多么复杂，自会迎刃而解。（三）复合句复合句(plex sentence)由一个主句(main clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(subordinate clause)构成。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。从句不能独立成为一个句子，虽然它也有主语部分和谓语部分。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句的结构通常是：关联词+主语+谓语。引导从句的关联词共有下列5类：1、从属连词：that（无词义），before（在前），whether（是否），after（在之后），if（假如、是否），since（既然、自从）, because（因为），as/so long as（只要），when（当时候），so that（结果）（2）疑问代词：who, which, whom, what, whose等。（3）疑问副词：when, why, where, how（4）关系代词：who, which, whom, that, whose（5）关系副词：when, why, where2、关联词在从句中的功用举例We cant travel through the forest by road because there arent any roads! 我们不能从陆路穿过森林，因为这儿根本没有路可走！（关联词是从属连词because，引导状语从句）I think that its wrong to eat monkeys, so I dont.我认为吃猴子是不对的，所以我不吃。（关联词是从属连词that，引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成份）Anybody who breaks the rule is punished. 谁要是破坏了这条规则，谁就要受到惩罚。（关联词是关系代词who，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语）Although it was expensive, we decided to buy the puter.虽然价钱昂贵，我们还是决定把计算机买下来。（关联词是从属连词although，引导状语从句）Would you please let me know when you have a match?你们有比赛的时候，请告诉我好吗？（关联词是疑问副词when，引导宾语从句，在从句中作状语）What we need is more time.我们需要的是更多的时间。（关联词是疑问代词what，引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语）3、从句的功用和种类从句在复合句中，可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等，因此，可分为六类：即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。The dam, which is the biggest in the world , is 3,830 metres long.这座水坝是世界上最大的一座，长3830米。（含有which引导的定语从句）Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the llth floor.当11层楼起火的时候，大楼内有500人在工作。（含有when引导的时间状语从句）The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page. 由主编决定哪篇报导最重要，应安排在头版。（含有which引导的宾语从句）Whether she will e or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。（含有whether引导的主语从句）That is where he was born. 这就是他出生的地方。（含有where引导的表语从句）We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到了我们球队己经获胜的消息。（含有that引导的同位语从句）三、主谓一致句子的主语有单复数及人称的变化，其谓语动词需要根据主语的人称和数的不同而有所变化。即：谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主语的人称，特别是主语的数是决定谓语形式的关键。除第一人称I和第二人称you之外，单数主语之后的谓语动词用单数形式；复数主语之后的谓语动词用复数形式。主语和谓语动词的一致要遵循下面三个原则：（一）语法上的一致所谓语法一致原则，即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定:主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或者是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。1、当主语是and，bothand连接的并列结构，指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。注意：由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each，every，no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。2、如果主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如 with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，and not，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。The parents, and not the son, were missing.失踪者不是儿子，而是他的双亲。The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily munication.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了。3、如果非谓语动词 (动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的。To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事。When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时开会尚未决定。注意：当what引导主语从句或由 and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。What we need here is money我们这里需要的是资金。 What we need here are workers我们这里需要的是工人。 Lying and stealing are immoral说谎与偷窃是不道德的。4、each和some/any/no/every十body/one/thing构成的复合不定代词anyone、anybody、anything、everyone、everybody、everything、someone、somebody、something、no one、nobody、nothing、each、the other作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each is worse than the one before. 一个比一个差。Nobody knows the answer.do they ?没有人知道这答案。Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你。注意：表示不定代词在附加的问句中再次出现时用复数形式。Anybody can enter for the race, cant they?Everyone in our class goes in for sports, dont they? 在口语中，特别是对话中，为避免明确指出所指对象的性别。Everybody was wearing their shorts.I told everyone to run as fast as they can.something, everything 谓语动词用单数 （包括在反意问句的陈述和疑问部分中）：Everything has gone wrong today, hasnt it ?5、“many a、(很多)/more than one(不只一个)+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Many a student has been to Beijing. 很多学生去过北京。There is more than one answer to your question. 你的问题不只有一个答案。6、“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only，the very，the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help the old man. 汤姆是唯一的一个愿意帮助那个老人的男孩。He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years他是这三年来唯一的一个获得奖学金的学生。注意:如没有这些限定词和修饰语，定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。Tom is one of the boys who are always ready to help others. 汤姆是个随时愿意帮助别人的男孩。7、英语中有些由两个部分组成的物体名称如g1asses(眼镜)，scissors(剪刀)，shorts(短裤)，shoes(鞋子)，trousers(裤子)goods(货物)belongs（财产）cloths（衣服）savings（储蓄金）等作主语，其后的谓语动词用复数形式。His glasses were broken, so he cant see well. 他的眼镜碎了，因而看不清楚。His trousers are made of cotton. 他的裤子是棉布的。注意:若这类名词前带有pair等表示单位的名词时，则以这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词的形式。Two pairs of trousers are missing. 两条裤子不见了。This pair of shoes is not on sale. 这双鞋不出售。8、主语部分含有pair of ;suit of 等短语时，谓语动词的数与pair,suit等保持一致。如：On bed is a pair of socks. On bed are two pairs of socks.9.large/big quanti ties/amounts of 加可数还是不可数名词做主语都用复数例如With more forests being destroyed ,huge quantities of good earth each year.A.is washing away B.is being washed away C. are washing away D.are being washed away选择D（二）意义上的一致意义上的一致是指谓语动词与主语的一致取决于主语所表达的意义。若主语形式上为复数，而意义上是单数，动词要用单数；若主语形式上为单数，而意义上为复数，则动词用复数。1、由and连接两个并列主语 其后的谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果两个单数名词指同一个人、同一事物、单一概念时，谓语动词要用单数，如：a knife and fork ;a cart and horse;the bread and butter;the needle and thread;a cup and saucer;my house and home;cause and effect;supply and demand;pen and ink early to bed and early to rise;when and where等。有时两个名词共用一个冠词表示同一概念。The worker and writer has written a new novel. 这位工人兼作家写了一部新小说。(两个名词共用一个冠词)There is a journalist and writer living in America whose name is Alex Haley. 在美国有一个名叫亚利克斯哈利的记者兼作家。Truth and honesty is always the best policy. 真诚总是上策。2、形复意单的名词作主语（1）复数形式的专有名词（表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、杂志等）做主语，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数。The United States is in North America.美国在北美洲。The Arabian Nights is read all over the world.天方夜谭是流传世界各地的名著。The New York Times has a wide circulation.纽约时报销路很广。注意：表示山脉、群岛、瀑布等的专有名词和以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人，谓语也用复数。The Alps rise over 4 countries.阿尔卑斯山脉跨越了四国。Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls.尼亚加拉瀑布没有维多利亚瀑布高。The Smiths were also invited.史密斯一家人也受到了邀请。There are 3 Marys and 2 Roberts in my class.我班有三个叫玛丽、两个叫罗伯特的学生。（2）以-ics结尾表示学科的名词做主语，通常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。这类名词有：physics, politics, mathematics, economics, athletics, electronics等。Politics is now taught in all schools.现在各学校都开