2019-2020年中考英语解题策略 完形填空.doc

2019-2020年中考英语解题策略 完形填空 完形填空就是由出题者在一篇语意连贯的文章中有目的地去掉一些词语，形成空格，要求在给出的对应的备选答案中，选出一个正确或最佳答案的题型。它不仅可考查学生的基础知识，还可考查学生综合分析和运用语言的能力。具体考查的有语法知识、句型、固定搭配及习惯用法，对词汇、句子及文章的理解，对作者意图的掌握等内容。根据考查形式的不同，完形填空可分为: 选择型完形填空; 选词型完形填空; 首字母提示型完型填空; 中文意思填空型完形填空等。【题型特点】完形填空以考查实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇考查的语境化; 体裁以记叙文为主，内容贴近生活。其命题特点如下:1.重语境完形填空着眼于整体理解，必须在对短文大意进行了解的基础上才能较准确地推知答案，因此，需要注意上下句的逻辑关系以及整篇文章的情节。2.重实词完形填空的命题是在一句话中的关键词语上做文章。这种词语大多是名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词，当然也不排除能左右文章内容的一些虚词，如介词、连词等。3.重首句首句通常不设选项。这是因为第一句是核心句，是观察全文的窗口，对熟悉语境、确定时态、推测文章大意等起着关键性的作用。4.重快速领悟文章主旨的能力完形城空题的特点在于人为地设置了很多空格，使文章支离破碎、残缺不全，这就造成了理解上障碍。需要考生跳过空格，快速领悟文章主旨。只有这样，才能保证思路连贯，在阅读、理解的过程中迅速抓住文章的中心意思。5.对文章的整体把握能力对文章的整体把握就是指根据文章的主旨，通过上下文暗示。对整篇文章、整个段落或整个意群整体文意的把握。6.重考察排除干扰、辨析词义的能力 完形城空题中干扰项的干扰，一般与语法结构无太大关系。重在文意干扰。因此，只要把握了文意和具体的语境，通过对词义的辨析，一些干扰项就容易被排除。题型1【xx四川南充中考】 选择型完形填空A king was old and he knew it was time to choose a new king. He told all the young people in his country, “I will give _36_ of you a seed (种子). Plant it and bring it back one year later. Show me the plants that you bring, _37_ Ill choose a new king from you.”A boy _38_ Peter got a seed, too. He planted it _39_. But the seed didnt grow at all. A year later, Peter had to take his _40_ box to the palace. Others all brought beautiful plants there and Peter felt _41_. The king _42_ the palace and looked around. When he found there was nothing in Peters box, the king smiled and said to the others, “One year ago, I gave everyone a seed _43_ couldnt grow. But all of you, _44_ Peter, have brought me plants and flowers. Peter was the only one with the honesty (诚实) and courage to bring _45_ a box. So he will be the new king!” 36. A. neither B. eachC. both 37. A. but B. although C. and 38. A. helped B. askedC. named 39. A. carefully B. careful C. careless40. A. full B. empty C. beautiful 41. A. excited B. sad C. happy 42. A. reached B. got C. arrived 43. A. who B. what C. which44. A. besides B. except C. with 45. A. such B. so C. as 【主旨大意】短文记叙了一位老国王选新国王方法：他发给每个年青人一粒种子叫他们去种植，他将从他们中选择一位新国王。一年后，彼特带了一个空箱子到宫殿来，其他人都带漂亮的植物。然而国王一年前给的是一粒不能生长的种子。彼特是唯一一个具有诚实和勇气带要空箱子的一个人，国王选彼特成为新国王。故事告诉我们：做人一定要诚实。36.【解析】选B 代词辨析。句意：我将给你们每人一颗种子。neither 意为“两者都不”；each 意为“每个”；both意为“两者都”。each of you “你们每个人”。故选B。37.【解析】选C 连词辨析。句意：将你们带来的植物给我看，我将从你们中选择一位新国王。but“但是”，表示转折；although “虽然”；and 表示承接。此外两个分句间承接并系，故选C。38.【解析】选C 动词辨析。句意：一个名叫彼特的男孩也得到了粒种子。a boy named Peter “一名名叫彼特的男孩”。39.【解析】选A 副词用法。句意：他细心地种植它。carefully “细心地”，在句中作状语修饰动词planted；而careful和careless都是形容词，不可以作状语。故选A。40.【解析】选B 文意理解。根据下文When he found there was nothing in Peters box, 可知“彼特不得不将他空箱子带到宫殿来”。full“满的”；empty“空的”；beautiful “漂亮的”。根据文意选B。41.【解析】选B 文意理解。他带了一个空箱子到宫殿来，其他人都带漂亮的植物，因此，“彼特感到难受”。excited “激动的”；sad “难受的”；happy“高兴的”。故选B。42.【解析】选A 动词辨析。reach是及物动词，后接名词作宾语；get作为“到达”讲，是不及物动词，需要加上介词to才可接名词作宾语；arrive作为“到达”讲，也是不及特动词，需要加上介词at或in才可接名词作宾语。故选A。43.【解析】选C 定语从句的引导词。句意：一年前我给了你们每人一粒不能生长的种子。本句中的先行词a seed 是物，故引导词应用which。所以选C。44.【解析】选B 文意理解和介词辨析。句意：但是除了彼特以外，你们每个人都给我带来了植物和花。besides “除以外”，需要加上它后面的内容；except “除以外”需要排除它后面的内容；with“带有”。根据句意及介词的含义选B。45.【解析】选A 文意理解和词义用法辨析。句意：彼特是唯一一个具有诚实和勇气带要如此箱子的一个人。such “如此的”，后接名词或名词性短语；so “如此”后接形容词或副词；as 意为“作为，由于”等，没有“如此的”含义。所以选A。题型2选词填空Know，work，lucky，child，proud，interest，decide，problem，good，he，阅读下面的短文，用所给词的适当形式填空，使短文意思完整、通顺。每空一次。Martin Murray is a school boy and he is fifteen years old. He used to be a “problem child. He used to give his mother many_1_. However, After his fathers death，Martins life became much more difficult. His mother couldnt afford to pay for her _2_ education. She had to work，and so was often not at home. His mother tried her best to look after him. Unfortunately，Martin still caused trouble. He was not _3_ in studying and he often got into trouble with the police. _4_, his mother was very patient and didnt give up trying to help him. In the end，she made a difficult _5_ to send him to a boys boarding school. Martin hated it and caused a lot of trouble. One day，he told his teacher he wanted to leave the school. Even the teacher agreed that Martin was wasting his time.The head teacher said it was necessary for Martin to talk with his mother. Martin called his mother，but to his surprise，this conversation changed his life.“It was exactly what I needed，”he said.“I_6_ how much my mother had given me. She also told me that even though my father was not with us，he was watching me and would always take_7_ in everything good I do. Thats when I decided to change.”Now Martin has really changed. He_8_ hard and gets“As in all subjects. He is now one of the_9_ students in his class. His mother helps him to feel good about _10_，and as he says，“Its very important for parents to be there for their children.”1._ 2._, 3. _, 4. _, 5. _, 6. _, 7. _,8. _,9. _,10. _【解题技巧】本题是选词填空型，通读后可知本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一个名叫Martin Murral的小男孩。他过去 被称作问题少年，常常惹麻烦，直到他毋亲与他进行一次长谈，才彻底改变了他，将一个问题少年变成一个优等生。1.problems。名词考查题。“他过去常常给他妈妈带来许多麻烦”，“问题，麻烦”应用problem，在这里应使用其复数形式、所以正确答案为problems,2. childs 名词所有格考查题。她承担不起她孩子上学的费用”，孩子的”应用名词所有格，所以正确答案为childs3. interested。形容词考查题。“他对学习不感兴趣。短语be interested in表示“对感兴趣”，所以正确答案为形容词interested.4. Luckily.副词考查题。“幸运地，他的母亲对他很有耐心，并没有放弃他”，“幸运地”用luckily, 在句首，首字母要大写。所以正确答案为Luckily.5. decision.名词考察题。“最后她做了一个艰难的决定”，“做决定、下决心“用make a decision，此处为名词、并用其单数形式。所以正确答案为decision.6. know。动词考查题。“我知道我的妈妈为我付出了很多”，“知道know,在这里用一般现在时，所以正确答案为know.7. pride。动词短语考查题。此句为“他的父亲一直在关注他，并为他做的每一件好事而感到自豪，动词短语“对感到自豪”take pride in, 短语中间应使用名词pride。所以正确答案为pride.8. works。动词考查题。“他努力学习，并各科都得到了A，and前后并列动词短语时态保持一致，都用一般现在时的单三形式。所以正确答案为works.9. best。形容词考查题。“他现在是班级中最好的学生之一”，“最好的用形容good的最高级best,所以正确答案为best.10. himself。代词考查题。“他的妈妈帮他感到自信，“感到自信”用feel good about oneself，这里的代词用反身代词，所以正确答案为himself. 题型3(莱芜中考)首字母填空型 Leo and his father didnt talk for 10 years. 10 years ago, Leos mother(1)d_. He thought it was his father who caused his mothers illness. He hated his father. Now they were sitting in a nice ( 2)c_ shop. Suddenly his father asked the waiter to put some salt in his coffee. Leo was surprised. His father smiled and said, Before you were born, your mother and I often had (3) f_ playing in the sea. We could taste the sea，just ( 4)I_ the taste of the salty coffee. Every time I have salty coffee, I always think of your mother. 1 (5) m_ her so much.” Leo was deeply moved(感动)，He never knew his father had such deep (6) l_ for his mother. One month later, he moved to live (7) w_ his father. Every time he made coffee for him, he put some salt in the coffee.After 10 years, his father died. Leo received a(8)l_ which said，“Dear Leo，please forgive my lifes lie一the salty coffee. Actually at that (9) t_ I wanted some sugar, but I said salt. It was hard for me to change，so I just went ahead. Now let me (10)I_ you the truth. I dont like salty, but I drink salty coffee, for 10 years! Having you with me is the biggest happiness of my whole life.”【解题技巧】 本题是首字母填空型试题。通读后可知本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是力欧和他的父亲关于咖啡加盐的故事。力欧一直以为是他的父亲导致他母亲的死亡，所以他恨他的父亲。直到一次在咖啡店里喝咖啡让他明白了他的父亲对他母亲的爱。1.died,动词考查题。后面的句意是：他认为他的父亲造成他毋亲的病。由此句的意思及首字母可知是死的意思，本句用的是一般过去时。所以答案应写died,2. coffee。名词考查题。做本题时从单句是无法得出答案的，因此需要联系前后句子，特别是后面的句子：突然他的父亲要求服务员往他的咖啡里放些盐，根据此句可知空格处指的应是咖啡。所以答案应写coffee,3. fun。名词考查题。通读整个句子可知本句的意思是: 你出生前，你的母亲和我过去常常在海边玩得很快乐。根据句意可知答案应写fun,4. like。介词考查题。通读整个句子可知本句的意思是:我们尝着海水，(它的)味道就像这个加盐的咖啡一样。空格处表示的意思是“像，一样”。所以答案应写like.5. miss。动词考查题。前面一句的意思是:我总是想起你妈妈。由这句的意思再结合后面的句子可知句意为:我非常想念她。所以答案应写miss.6. love。名词考查题。联系前文可知本句的意思是:他从来不知道他的父亲对他的母亲有着如此深的爱。结合首字母可知答案应写love.7. with。介词考查题。联系前文可知本句的意思是: 一个月后，他搬去和父亲住在一起。答案写with. 8. letter。名词考查题。联系前文可知本句的意思是: 他收到了一封信。故答案应写letter.9. time。名词考查题。联系前文可知本句的意思是: 在那次(也就是在咖啡里加盐那次) 我想要些糖，所以答案应写time.10. tell。动词考查题。通读整个句子可知本句的意思是：让我告诉你真相。tell the truth告知真相 为固定搭配。故答案应写tell题型4(玉林中考)中文意思填空型 阅读下面短文，根据括号内的汉语意思填词，使短文意思完整、通顺。每空一词。It was Christmas time in xx. I had no idea that this would be the last Christmas we would_1_(度过) with Mom. It was snowing hard and very cold. It was a very_2_(特别的)Christmas for me-you see Mom never owned a new coat.Mom got ill when she was a _2_ (年轻的) child and she became disabled. One of her legs was larger than the other. At times she would she would have trouble walking, but she never plained. Mum always treated my friends with kindness and they were always wele at our house anytime. I _4_(记得) my good friend Glen ing over and talking with Mom even when I wasnt at home. Mom was always willing to lend a listening _5_(耳朵).Moms all clothes were four dresses, four pairs of shoes, a _6_ (白色的)blouse, and a yellow_7_(毛衣).I decided that I would buy Mom a coat that year, so I took her down to find something for Christmas. As we went past the coat store, one of the coats in the store caught Moms eyes. I asked her to try on the coat for fun. She said that we did not have the money to buy the coat. But after long talk with Mom，_8_(最后)we left the store with Mom wearing that nice coat. She agreed that the coat did look good on her. I will ever thank for this opportunity，being able to give back just a little. This was the nicest coat that she ever owned.In _9_ (三月) of xx, Mom died at age 42. As I look back on my mothers life，it was filled with acts of kindness. Giving came from her heart. She was willing to help others whenever it was _10_(可能的).I learn a lot from my mother.1._,2. _，3. _，4. _，5. _，6. _，7. _，8. _，9. _，10_【解题技巧】本文是中文提示型填空题。做本题时先快速通读本文以了解本文大意。本文是一篇记叙文，作者在文中主要回忆了自己妈妈的体弱多病、善良和节俭，后来作者在xx年圣诞节与妈妈一起度过并给妈妈买了一件新外套，但这却是作者最后一次与妈妈过圣诞节。在xx年三月妈妈病逝了。通过这篇文章作者表达了对妈妈深深的怀念。1. spend。动词考查题。“我不知道这将是与妈妈一起度过的最后一个圣诞节”，“度过”应用spend, 在would后使用动词原行婚，所以正确答案为spend,2. Special。形容词考查题。“对于我来说，这是一个特别的圣诞节，特别的”应用special，所以正确答案为special3. young. 形容词考查题。“一个年轻的孩子”应为 a young child,表示年龄小，使用形容词young, 所以正确答案为young。4. remember。动词考查题。“记得” remember, 此处表示现在还记得，使用一般现在时用原形。所以正确答案为remember,5. ear,名词考查题。“耳朵”ear，此处因为前面有不定冠词a，用单数，所以正确答案为ear,6. white, 形容词考查题。“白色的”while，所以正确答案为white,7. sweater,名词考查题。“毛衣”sweater，前面有不定冠词。这里用单数，所以正确答案为。sweater,8. finally。副词考查题。“最后”finally/at last/in the end，在这里每空填一词，所以正确答案为finally,9. March。名词考查题。“三月”March，月份的首字母要大写，所以正确答案为March,10. possible。形容词考查题。“可能的”possible，所以正确答案为possible。题型5(枣庄中考)用词的适当形式填空型If you travel around China you _1_ (notice)a very popular activity everywhere you_2_ (go)一basketball. This much-loved sport_3_ (enjoy) by many, for fun and exercise.It_4_ (believe) that on December 21st，1891，the first basketball game in history was played. Then in 1936 in Berlin，it became an Olympic event. A team from China_5_ (take) part，and although they_6_ (win) they_7_ (use) the experience to help develop the game at home. Since then the popularity of basketball_8_ (rise) worldwide, and the number of foreign players in Americas NBA_9_ (increase). Basketball has bee a more popular sport for people to watch，and many young people dream of _10_ (bee) famous basketball players.1._, 2. _, 3. _, 4. _, 5_, 6. _, 7_, 8. _, 9_, 10. _,【解题技巧】本文是适当形式型填空题。做本题时先快速通读本文以了解本文大意。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了篮球运动的诞生、发展及最终成为在全世界都深受欢迎的运动。1. will notice。考查将来时。前面句子的意思:如果你在中国四处旅游，由句中的If(如果)可知后面的句子中用将来时。if(如果)+从句(一般现在时)，主句(一般将来时)。故答案应写will notice2. go。考查动词。联系整个句子可知句子的意思是: 无论你去哪儿你都会注意到一项非常受欢迎的运动。本句所说的只是一般情况，所以用一般现在时。故答案应写go3. is enjoyed,考查被动语态。主语篮球运动是“喜欢、享受”的承受者。应该用被动、或直接把by many作为信号词、即:by sb.是被动语态的标志。4. is believed.考查固定句型。Its believed that. 是“据说。人们认为”的意思.属于固定结构。5. took,考查动词的过去式。in加过去的年代是一般过去时的标志。6. didnt win。考查动词的时态。由although可知此处表示转折，此处表示“尽管他们没赢”，应用否定形式，且“没赢”是过去的一般事实，故用didnt win7. used。考查连词and的运用。and连接的前后两个动词的时态、词形和词性一般应该是相同的。8. has risen。考查动词的时态。表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在或仍将持续下去的动作或状态，应用现在完成时。since是现在完成时的标志。9. has increased。考查the number of的运用。The number of短语作主语，谓语动词用单三形式; 此处and连接的前后句子的时态应该是相同的。10. being。考查介词后的动词。of是信号词，即介词后的动词要用动名词形式。【方法点拨】如何做完形填空题: 1.通读全文，掌握大意，把握结构。做题之前必须先集中精力快速地将短文读一遍，掌握其大意;同时把准文章发展脉络和文章的起承转合，要注意段落与段落之间，句与句之间的内在逻辑关系，领悟暗示。这样，答题时才能做到心中有数。 2.精读第一句。它是了解全文大意的基石，往往是文章的主题句，根据它来把握文章的中心思想，为下面答题莫定基础。3.从上下文寻找信息词。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相关的语篇，而词语的重复出现、同义词和反义词的使用是重要的连句成篇的纽带，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现，前后同义词、反义词相互照应等现象。 4.形意结合，前后参照。完形填空所要求填的答案在意义上必须和短文内容相符语法规则和习惯用法。，形式上必须符合语法规则和习惯用法。