资源描述
ExtensivereadingUnit7Book1,TheCalloftheWild,byJackLondon,Learningobjectives,Inthisunityouwill:befamiliarwithJackLondonandhisworksgetsomeknowledgeoftheKlondikeGoldRushappreciatethelanguageandwritingskillinthisnoveltakeatestonfastreadinglearntoguessmeaningsofwordsfromcontext,Unitoverview,Pre-readingdiscussion,Backgroundinformation,Textanalysis,Post-readingdiscussion,Exercises,Readingskills,Relatedinformation,Pre-readingdiscussion,Howdoyouunderstandtheword“call”inthetitle?HowdoesTheCalloftheWildpresentthehuman-dogrelationship?,Backgroundinformation,JackLondon(18761916),JackLondonwasthemostpopularnovelistandshortstorywriterofhisday.Hewrotepassionatelyandprolificallyaboutthegreatquestionsoflifeanddeath,thestruggletosurvivewithdignityandintegrity.,JackLondon,In1898,JackLondonwenttoKlondikeforgoldmining.AftersufferingtheSepsis(败血症),hisdreamofbeingagoldminerbroken.Atthesametime,hegotplentyofwritingmaterials.Hewovetheseelementalideasintostoriesofhighadventurebasedonhisownfirsthandexperiences.,Jackslifeexperiences,Beingalaborer,factoryworker,oysterpirateontheSanFranciscoBay,memberoftheCaliforniaFishPatrol,sailor,railroadhobo(流浪汉),andgoldprospector,hislifeexperiencescontributedalottohisprolificwritings.,TheSailor,TheGoldProspector,theRancher,JackLondonsbelief,“Iwouldratherbeashesthandust!Iwouldratherthatmysparkshouldburnoutinabrilliantblazethanitshouldbestifledbydry-rot.Iwouldratherbeasuperbmeteor,everyatomofmeinmagnificentglow,thanasleepyandpermanentplanet.Theproperfunctionofmanistolive,nottoexist.Ishallnotwastemydaysintryingtoprolongthem.Ishallusemytime.”,TheCalloftheWild,TheCalloftheWild(1903)isaworldfamousanimalstory.SetinAlaskaduringtheKlondikeGoldRushofthelate1890s,Thestoryrecordsthe“decivilization”ofBuckasheanswers“thecallofthewild”,aninherentmemoryofprimitiveoriginstowhichheinstinctivelyresponds.,TheCalloftheWild,TheCalloftheWildisthefirstandforemoststoryaboutadog,itdisplaysaphilosophicaldepthabsentinmostanimaladventures.“Oldlongingsnomadicleap,“野性沉入长眠，Chafingatcustomschain;希望终难泯灭，Againfromitsbrumalsleep挣脱习惯锁链，Wakenstheferinestrain.”踏入冰雪荒野间。”,TheKlondikeGoldRush,TheKlondikeGoldRush(克朗代克淘金热）wasamigrationbyanestimated100,000prospectorstotheKlondikeregionoftheYukoninnorth-westernCanadabetween1896and1899aftergoldwasdiscoveredtherebylocalminersonAugust16,1896.,PrespectersascendingtheChilkootPass,1898,TheKlondikeGoldRush,KlondikecouldonlybereachedbytheYukonRivereitherupstreamfromitsdelta,downstreamfromitsheadorfromsomewhereinthemiddlethroughitstributaries.Travelingeneralwasmadedifficultbyboththegeographyandclimate.,TheKlondikeGoldRush,Aidsforthetravelerstocarrytheirsuppliesvaried;somehadbroughtdogs,horses,mulesoroxen,whereasothershadtorelyoncarryingtheirequipmentontheirbacksoronsledspulledbyhand.,TheKlondikeGoldRush,TheeventsoftheKlondikegoldrushrapidlybecameembeddedinNorthAmericanculture,beingcapturedinpoems,stories,photographsandpromotionalcampaignslongaftertheendofthestampede.ThewriterJackLondonincorporatedscenesfromthegoldrushintohisnovelssetintheKlondike,includingTheCalloftheWild,anovelaboutasledgedog.,Textanalysis,Determiningthemainidea,Themainideaofthetextisthat_.itwasnoteasyforBuck,adogfromthesouth,toliveinthenorthBuck,adogfromthesouth,begantolearnlessonfromthehardlifeinthenorthsomepeoplewereevilenoughtostealdogsandsellthemformoneyBuckthedogwasexposedtoharshexperiencesinthenorth,While-readingquestions,Howmanypartscanthetextbedividedinto?Whatsthemainideaofeachpart?InwhataspectwasBuckdifferentfromthedogsinJudgeMillersplace?WhatisthefunctionofthedetaileddescriptionofBuckscomfortablelifeinMr.Millershouse?Whatisthe“lawofclubandfang”?Whatdoesitrepresent?HowisBuckintroducedtoit?,Textstructure,Part1Happylifeinthesouth,WhatkindoflifedoesBucklive?InwhataspectwasBuckdifferentfromthedogsinJudgeMillersplace?WhatisthefunctionofthedetaileddescriptionofBuckscomfortablelifeinMr.Millershouse?,Part1Happylifeinthesouth,WhatkindoflifedoesBucklive?Theopeningofthenovelsetsinthesunny,comfortableworldofJudgeMillersestate,whereBucklivesinspoiled,lordlycontentment.,Part1Happylifeinthesouth,InwhataspectwasBuckdifferentfromthedogsinJudgeMillersplace?Buckwaschiefdog.Buckwasbornhereandhasbeenlivedhere.BuckhasbeenregardedasonefamilymemberandenjoyedthelifewiththeJudgeMillerfamily.,Part1Happylifeinthesouth,WhatisthefunctionofthedetaileddescriptionofBuckscomfortablelifeinMr.Millershouse?Toformasharpcontrastbetweentwoworlds:thesunny,comfortableworldofJudgeMillersestate,andtheharsh,frigidworldoftheKlondike,whereheisdraggedagainsthiswill.,Part2Onthejourney,HowcouldManuelleadBuckawayfromtheestate?WhatdidthemaninaredcoattaughtBuck?Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Buckwasbeatenbuthewasnotbroken”?,Part2Onthejourney,HowcouldManuelleadBuckawayfromtheestate?WhenBuckwasledoutbyManuel,thegardener,whoneededmoneyforhisbigfamily,hethoughtitwasjustanormaleveningwalk.,Part2Onthejourney,WhatdidthemaninaredcoattaughtBuck?Bucklearnedthathestoodnochanceagainstamanwithaclub.,Part2Onthejourney,Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Buckwasbeatenbuthewasnotbroken”?OutwardlyBuckwasnowinamiserableshapeandcondition,butinwardlyhemaintainedhisfirmnessandsteadiness.,Part3Lifeinthenorth,WhydidBuckhateSpitz？Whatisthe“lawofclubandfang”?Whatdoesitrepresent?HowisBuckintroducedtoit?CanyouusesomewordstodescribeBuck?,Part3Lifeinthenorth,WhydidBuckhateSpitz?StoleBucksfoodKeptlaughingwhenCurlydied,Part3Lifeinthenorth,Whatisthe“lawofclubandfang”?Whatdoesitrepresent?Itreferstothatman,havingthegreaterforce,isthemaster.TheweakmustsubmitandservethewilloftheconquerororbekilledStrength,notjustice,isthecentralvalue.,Part3Lifeinthenorth,HowisBuckintroducedtoit?Bucklearnsthislessonfromtwoevents.Thefirstoneteacheshimaboutthepowerofviolenceandabouttheneedtogiveinwhenthreatenedbyasuperiorforce.BucklearnsthelawofthefangwhenhearrivesinCanadaandwatchesoneofhisfellowdogs,afemaledognamedCurly,torntopiecesbyapackofhuskies.,Part3Lifeinthenorth,CanyouusesomewordstodescribeBuck?Intelligentunderstandtoobeyamanwithaclub;learntosledwellquicklyRebelliousreactingtothekidnapHardworkingenjoyedhisworkStrong,Relatedinformation,Majorthemes,Thefollowingthemesareevidentinthestory:AdaptionAdventureConflictCourageanddeterminationDeathInterdependenceLeadershipSurvivalNaturesunpredictability,InfluenceofCharlesDarwinsandFriedrichNietzschestheories,Darwin,thefoundingfatherofevolutiontheory,taughtthatlifeinthenaturalworldconsistedofaconstantstruggleforsurvival,inwhichonlythestrongcouldthriveandproduceoffspring.This“survivalofthefittest,”asHerbertSpencer,anEnglishphilosopher,termedit,wastheenginethatdroveevolution.TheworldthatLondoncreatesinTheCalloftheWildoperatesstrictlyaccordingtoDarwinistprinciplesinitsbrutalityandamoralityonlythefitsurviveinthecruellandscapeoftheKlondike.,influenceofCharlesDarwinsandFriedrichNietzschestheories,NietzschewasaGermanphilosopherwhopreachedthedoctrineofthe“willtopower”asthedrivingforcebehindsociety.Moralconsiderationsweremeaningless,hedeclared,andallmembersofhumanitywereeithermasters,driventodominateothers,orslaves,driventosubmit.Londontransposesthisschemetotheanimalworld,usingNietzscheanlanguagerepeatedlytodescribeBucksquesttoachievemasteryanddominionoverhisenemies.,Post-readingdiscussion,WhatroledoMercedes,Hal,andCharlesplayinthenovel?Howdotheyfunctionasembodimentsoftheworstsideofcivilization?ComparetherolesofJohnThorntonandJudgeMiller.Who,fromthenovelspointofview,isthebettermaster?Defendyouranswer.Whatisthe“callofthewild”?HowdoesitaffectBucksbehaviorthroughoutthenovel?,Readingskills,GuessingMeaningsofWordsfromContext(I),ConceptSynonymcluesAntonymclues,Concept,Contextheremeanswords,phrases,orsentencessurroundingawordandthesituationinwhichitisused.Whenyoucomeacrossanewwordinyourreading,beforelookingitupinadictionary,veryoftenyoucanguessitsmeaningfromitscontext.Thereareoftenspecificwords(contextclues)inasentenceorparagraphthatcanhelpyoudeterminethemeaningofanunfamiliarword.,Synonymclues,Synonymsarewordsorphrasesthataresimilarinmeaningtootherwords.Asentencewithadifficultwordoftencontainsamorefamiliarwordtomakeiteasytounderstand.Youmayrecognizesomesynonymsbecausetheyaresetapartbycommas,dashes,orparentheses.Usually,asynonymcontextclueappearstobeofthesamepartofspeechasthenewword.,Synonymclues,Forexample:Thehullabalooexpressespeopleshighspiritsatholidaytime.Manyyearsago,however,theloudnoisesweremeanttoscareawaytheevilspirits,thusgivingthenewyearafreshstart.“Hullabaloo”isanouninthesentence.Thephrasethathasthesamemeaningandpartofspeechis“loudnoises”.So“loudnoises”isasynonymcontextclueto“hullabaloo”.,Antonymclues,Antonymsarewordsorphrasesthathaveoppositemeaningstootherwordsorphrases.Recognizingthatcertainwordswhichoftensignalanantonymcluecanhelpyouunderstandnewwords.Wordsorphraseslike“or”,“but”,“while”,“asopposedto”,and“ontheotherhand”oftensignalantonymclues.,Antonymclues,Forexample:LindamanagesmoneyjudiciouslywhileImanagemoneyunwisely.Theword“while”signalstheantonym“unwisely”youcanreasonthat“unwisely”istheoppositeof“judiciously.”thus,“judiciously”means“unwisely”.,Practice,ADeterminethemeaningofeachitalicizedwordbyidentifyingitspartofspeechandlocatingitssynonym.B.Locatethewordorphrasethatsignalstheantonymclueandunderlineit.Thenunderlinetheantonymclue.Finally,selectthebestmeaningfortheitalicizedword.,PracticeA,1.NewYearsDayisthoughtofasagoodtimetomakeNewYearsresolutionsthedecisionstodobetterintheyearjustbeginningthanyoudidintheyearthatjustended.resolutionsisa(an)_.Itmeans_.,noun,decisions,PracticeA,2.Makesure,too,thatthecostofyourhobbydoesnotgobeyondyourbudgetoryourestimatedincomeandexpense.budgetisa(an)_.Itmeans_.,noun,estimatedincomeandexpense,PracticeA,3.BeforetheCrusades,kingshadexisted,buttheirrolewasmoreorlessthatofafigurehead,achiefinnameonly,inthecomplicatedfeudalsystem.figureheadisa(an)_.Itmeans_.,noun,achiefinnameonly,PracticeB,B.Locatethewordorphrasethatsignalstheantonymclueandunderlineit.Thenunderlinetheantonymclue.Finally,selectthebestmeaningfortheitalicizedword.,PracticeB,TheOvegesmethodofteachingmadescienceandmathematicsfuninsteadofachore.choremeans_.a.attractionb.tiringtaskc.duty,PracticeB,Thoughhewasoftenshyinsocialsettings,sciencebroughtouttheshowmaninhim.showmanmeans_.a.personalityattractingpublicattentionb.timidcharacterc.quicktemper,PracticeB,AlthoughtheGreeksweresaidtobedemocratic,slavesandwomenhadfewright.democraticmeans_.a.respectingpeoplesrightsb.warlikec.peace-loving,Exercises,TextA.bB.14cdaa58dccdC.15daacd610bdabaFastreading15dabdd610bacbd1115daabaHomereading14bdcb58bbdb,
展开阅读全文