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Unit5ExpandedSentenceBase(1),Introduction,Afterlearninghowtochoosewordsandhowtoproducecorrectsimplesentences,itishightimewebegantoconsiderhowtoexpandoursentences.Thisunitfocusesonhowtowritelongersentencesbyexpandingthenounsinthesentences.How?,attributes,relativeclause,Unit5,3,Attributes,Definition:Wordsorphrasesusedtonarrowdownordecribenounsarecalledattributes.Functions:e.g.1.thecat2.thecatinthetree3.thefatandlazycatClassroomactivities:P58,narrowdown/makeitspecific,addmoredetaileddescriptions,Whatcanbeusedasattributes?,1.DeterminersDeterminersrefertowordsthatareusedtodefinethereferentialmeaningofanounoranominalphrase.限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类。包括：Articles:a,an,thePossessiveprons物主代词：my,your,onesGenitivenouns名词属格：JohnsDemonstrativeprons指示代词：this,those,suchIndefiniteprons不定代词：some,any,each,either,all,both.Cardinaltoputmoreinformation.Page64:Exercise(3versions)2.Todirectreadersattentiontoideasinthemainclause.Page64:Classroomactivities,Grammar：incompletesentences,Acompletesentenceshouldhaveatleastasubjectandapredicate.Anincompletesentenceisasentencewithsomepart/partsmissing.Sentencefragment（4types)PhrasefragmentFragmentwithoutasubjectFragmentwithoutanauxiliaryverbSubordinateclausefragment,Wordorderofdeterminers,3groupsofdeterminersaccordingtotheirrelativepositionspredeterminerscentraldeterminersPostdeterminers限冠形龄色国材,predeterminers:all,both,half/double,twicetimescentraldeterminers:a,an,the(article);this,that,these,those(demonstrativepronouns)my,your,his,her;(possessivepronouns）some,any,no（indefiniteprons.不定代词）;every,each,either,neither,postdeterminers:one,two,three;first,second,thirdmany,much,few,afew,little,alittle,fewer,less,more;fewest,least,most;alotof,lotsof,anumberof,anamountof,agreatdealof,such,Howtoplacemanymodifiers,1)IadmireJennyshair.(glossy,black,long)IadmireJennyslongblackglossyhairsomuch.2)一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克abeautifulnewblackItalianleatherjacket。3)Canadian，extraordinary，an，new,playanextraordinarynewCanadianplay,4)(gold，British，the，round）cointheroundBritishgoldcoin5)（ugly，writing，the，steel，seven）desksthesevenuglysteelwritingdesks6)（purple，Russian，nice，long，her）coathernicelongpurpleRussiancoat,限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠；(大小形状和新老，颜色国际出（处）材料)限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词.“描绘”性形容词如：beautiful、bad、cold.材料”的词如：wooden,woolen,stone,silk等“作用类别”的词如：medical,college，writingdesk，policecar等。,Absolutes,(1)Hurtinthegame,Iwillnotbeabletogotoyourpartytonight.(2)Mybestfriendhurtinthegame,Iwillnotbeabletogotoyourpartytonight.b.(1)Mygrandmawassittinginherrocker,singinghappilyinthespringfragrance.(2)Mygrandmawassittinginherrocker,herradiosinginghappilyinthespringfragrance.,Theseparticipleshavealogicalsubjectdifferentfromthatofthesentence.Whatisabsoluteconstructionorabsolute?InEnglish,participlephrasesusedwiththeirownlogicalsubjectsarecalledabsolutes.,a.Themanstoodinthestreetcorner,hishandsputinhispockets.b.Themanstoodinthestreetcorner,handsputinhispockets.c.Themanstoodinthestreetcorner,handsinhispockets.,Fromthisexample,wemaygetaconclusion,thatis,anabsoluteconstructionmayappearinthreeforms:1)n.+v-ing+otherpartsoftheparticiplephrase2)n.+v-ed+otherpartsoftheparticiplephrase3)n.+otherpartsoftheparticiplephrase,Nightenshroudingtheearth,nobodycouldmakeoutwhatthedarkmasswasfromadistance黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.,3.n+to-infinitive名词(代词)+不定式,Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabor,eachtotranslateaquarterofthebook.,4.n.+adj.名词(代词)+形容词,TheTrojansasleep,theGreeksoldierscreptoutofthehollowwoodenhorseComputersverysmall,wecanusethemwidely.,5.n+adv.名词(代词)+副词,Themeetingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeetingroom.Thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.,6.n.+n.名词(代词)+名词,Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.Hisfirstshotfailure，hefiredagain,7.n.+prepositionalphrase名词(代词)+介词短语,Everyafternoonaveryoldwomanhobbledpasttheoldhouse，avastloadoffirewoodonherback,Writingprcis,Whatisaprcis?Aprcisisaconcisesummaryofthemainpointsinapieceofwriting,sowhenwewriteprcis,weshouldwritedownallofthemainideaanddeleteanyunnecessaryinformation,suchasdescriptions,examples,etc.,Somecommontechniquestoreducedetailsinprciswriting:(1)omitthedetailsYoumayleaveoutmostofthedescriptivedetailsifthatdoesnotimpairthegeneralidea.(2)reducetheexamplesIftheoriginalpassageprovidesfourorfiveexamplesforacertainidea,youmaymentiononeortwo,oryoumaymentiontheexamplesbutleaveoutthedetails.,(3)replacespecificwordswithgenericreferenceIfseveralspecificexamplesbelongtothesamecategory,youcanusuallyreplacethemwithonegenericword.Forexample:Forthedinner,sheboughttwobottlesofmilk,fourpacksoforangejuice,andthreebottlesofwine.Sheboughtlotsofdrinksforthedinner.(4)simplifydescriptionYoudefinitelydontneeddetaileddescriptioninyourprcis.Inmanycase,youmayusegeneralwordstotelltheimpression.Forexample,iftherearemanysentencesdescribinghowbeautifulagardenis,youcanjustsayThegardenisverybeautiful.,(5)avoidrepetitionThewriteroftheoriginalpassagemaypurposelyrepeatanidea,butinwritingaprcis,youmaynotdothesame.(6)simplifywordysentencesRemoveunnecessarywordsintheoriginalpassage.Forexample,forasentencelikeHisactioninthefightmaywellbecalledlion-likewithoutexaggeration,youmaysimplywriteHeisverybrave.,(7)shortentransitionsUseshorttransitionalwords,suchasbesides,but,however,etc.insteadoflongphraseslikeontheotherhand,atthesametime.(8)paraphrasedirectquotationsIftherearedirectquotationsintheoriginalpassage,trytoexpresstheminyourownwords,andinasfewwordsaspossible.,UnitSummary,Inthisunit,wehavelearnedhowtoexpandnounsinsentences.Onemethodtoexpandanounistouseattributes.Attributesmaybeplacedeitherbeforeorafteranoun.Inthegrammarpartofthisunit,wehavediscussedtheorderofdeterminersandadjectives,andhowtoavoidwritingincompletesentences.Thewritingpartofthisunitfocusesonhowtowriteragoodprcis,especiallyintermsofreducingdetails.,Assignments,(1)Reviewthislectureandpreviewthenextunit(2)Keepwritingthediary(3)WriteaprcisforpassageonP73,
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