2019-2020年高考英语专题复习 阅读练习一.doc

2019-2020年高考英语专题复习 阅读练习一推理判断细节理解主旨大意猜测词义要求2-31-20-10-1实际安排121话题学生的乐趣体裁夹叙夹议难度新度关键词 pleasure词数 303建议时间 5分钟正确率 _/4More than four-in-10 teachers said children failed to read for pleasure at the age of 11, a study showed. The study by the publisher Pearson found that many schools fear children have short attention spans and prefer to spend time online rather than read a novel. Teachers also said that books were not seen as “cool” by pupils and raised fears that parents are failing to do enough to promote a love of reading in the home. Frank Cottrell Boyce, the author, said: “Its worrying to think that so many young children are not being inspired to pick up a good book and get lost in a story.” According to UNESCO, the biggest single indicator of whether a child is going to thrive at school and in work is whether or not they read for pleasure. The poll questioned around 400 secondary school English teachers. Two-thirds of those questioned said that reading was not seen as cool by pupils, according to the study. Three-quarters said that childrens attention spans were shorter than ever before, while 94 per cent claimed that pupils preferred to be using the internet rather than reading. The poll showed that teachers believe parents are not doing enough to help, with 97 per cent claiming mothers and fathers should be encouraging their child to read more. The findings also show that teachers believe that recent book and film series such as Twilight and The Hunger Games can fuel pupils interest in reading. Some 83 per cent of teachers said that boys were likely to be engaged by fantasy novels, while 65 per cent said the same for girls. Some 93 per cent of teachers said that boys were likely to find horror books enjoyable. The poll was missioned to mark the launch of a new set of classroom reading books. 1. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Many children spend much time online at home. B. Many children fail to read books for pleasure now.C. Many schools fear children have short attention in class. D. Many parents force their children to read novels at home.2. Both teachers and Frank Cottrell Boyce think that, _. A. not all pupils regard books as their favoriteB. young children have no interest in a story C. parents should encourage their children to read booksD. parents only pay attention to childrens marks very much 3. What can help pupils be more interested in reading according to teachers?A. novels B. stories C. the internet D. recent books and film series 4. Boys and girls have a mon interest in _.A. fantasy novels B. horror books C. film series D. online games【篇章导读】 一项新的研究表明：由于受互联网的影响和在家里没有读书的机会，越来越多的孩子在小学毕业时就对读书失去了兴趣。因此如何新激发孩子读书的兴趣成了家长和教师思索的问题。【答案解析】1. B 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句，可知40%以上的教师发现11岁的孩子对读书失去了兴趣，孩子们宁可上网也不愿意读一本小说，故B项。2. C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段和第四段第一句，可知教师和弗兰克科特雷尔博伊斯认为大多数家长在帮助孩子提高读书兴趣方面没有尽到责任，因此建议家长尽力帮助孩子提高读书兴趣，故选C项。3. D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句，可知教师相信最近的新书和电影系列片可以提高学生读书的兴趣，故选D项。4. A 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句，可知83%的教师认为男孩子比较喜欢幻想小说，63%的教师认为女孩也是如此，故选A项。【生词注释】span n. 跨度, UNESCO abbr. 联合国教科文组织, indicator n. 标志, poll n. 民意测验, missioned adj. 受委任的【难句解读】According to UNESCO, the biggest single indicator of whether a child is going to thrive at school and in work is whether or not they read for pleasure. 联合国教科文组织指出, 一个孩子在学校和工作中茁壮成长的最大的单一指标是他们是否为了快乐而读书。这句话是有whether引导的名词性从句。B推理判断细节理解主旨大意猜测词义要求2-31-20-10-1实际安排121话题家庭生活体裁记叙文难度新度关键词photograph词数 329建议时间 6分钟正确率 _/5This must have been taken around 1959 and shows my two sisters and me in our parents bed having an early morning tea. This was a ritual that lasted until we became too big to fit fortably. My dad used to be the first up, followed by mum. Im assuming that, to give them a chance to wash and dress in peace, the habit of giving us a cup of tea in bed developed over time.Im the oldest and sitting in the centre, my middle sister, 13 months younger, is on my right and my “baby” sister, four years younger, on my left. This picture probably takes one of the few times we werent arguing as children we seemed to constantly disagree. The mug Im drinking out of was my pride and joy having been born in January 1953 Id been given one, whereas my later born sisters hadnt. I still have it to this day. Im amazed at how well I can recall the details taken in this photograph. The radio stayed with the family for many years. The wallpaper behind the bed was very dark with the wild flowers on it. There is an ashtray on the shelf at the back, which wasnt in a bedroom today. The cat was one of our first family pets and was named Patchy. The bedside tables also continued to give good service the one on my fathers side is filled with books, papers and magazines. He liked science fiction very much. Mums bedside table has no books or magazines on it. Her days were spent looking after us and the house; evenings were spent knitting. She made almost everything we wore, from school uniforms to party dresses. For me, this photograph sums up my childhood warm, loving and fun. We werent over-indulged, but we never went without either. At the centre of our world were Mum and Dad always there, always fair, always ready with a hug or kiss. 1. Who would get up earlier in my family?A. My father B. My mother C. My middle sister D. My “baby” sister2. The underlined word “mug” (Para.2) can be replaced by_. A. tea B. milk C. cup D. bottle3. The author can remember the details taken in this photograph EXCEPT_.A. an ashtray B. a dog C. the wallpaper D. the radio4. What did the authors mother do all the days?A. Washing and dressing in peace.B. Clearing up her bedside tables.C. Reading science fictions by herself.D. Looking after my family and doing housework.5. The passage mainly describes_.A. a cup of tea B. a lovely sisterC. a warm family D. a happy childhood【篇章导读】拍摄于1959年的一张老照片记录了“我们姊妹”三个童年时期在父母床上喝早茶的情景。虽然事过境迁，但是照片上的人与物却让“我”把记忆的碎片连在一起，将幸福欢乐的童年诉诸于笔端。【答案解析】1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句，可知爸爸第一个起床，接着是妈妈，故选A项。2. C 猜测词义题。根据第二段第三句，可知“我”喝早茶用的杯子是“我”的骄傲和欢乐，它是1953年1月我出生时给的，但是我的两个妹妹没有，故选C项。3. B 细节理解题。根据第三段，可知作者详细地介绍了照片上的收音机、墙纸、烟灰缸和他们家的第一个宠物猫，但是没有介绍狗，故选B项。4. D 细节判断题。根据第四段第四句和第五句，可知妈妈的时间主要用在了照顾我们、编织和为我们做衣服上了，故选D项。5. D 主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句，可知这张照片概括了作者温暖、温馨和快乐的童年，故选D项。【生词注释】ritual n. 惯例, assuming adj.傲慢的, ashtray n. 烟灰缸,knitting n. 针织, over-indulged adj. 娇宠过分的【难句解读】The bedside tables also continued to give good service the one on my fathers side is filled with books, papers and magazines. 床头柜也继续提供周到的服务，我爸爸旁边的那一个床头柜装满了书、报纸和杂志。give good service 固定结构“服务周到”。C推理判断细节理解主旨大意猜测词义要求2-31-20-10-1实际安排121话题动物和植物体裁说明文难度新度关键词 dolphin词数 324建议时间6分钟 正确率 _/4A new study of the dolphin has shown that dolphins share many of the genes that make them brainy with human beings. The finding could be key to understanding why dolphins have such big brains. Dolphins can recognize themselves in mirrors and understand ideas such as zero - an ability normally restricted to chimpanzees and humans. Dolphin brains involve pletely different wiring from human beings, which is central to higher functions such as reasoning and conscious thought. Dolphins are so distantly related to humans that its been 95 million years since we had even a remotely mon grandfather. Yet when it es to brain, social behavior and munications, some researchers say dolphins e as close to humans as our ape and monkey cousins. “We decided to look at genes in the dolphin genome to see if there are similarities in the genes that have changed on the dolphin blood and those that have changed on the primate blood,” said researcher Michael McGowen. They found 228 gene sequences in dolphins had changed significantly relative to other mammals such as cows, dogs, horses and humans. About one in 10 of those genes affects the nervous system - and could be key to understanding the creatures mental powers. “It was something we were hoping to find, since studies have shown that they have a large brain and high cognitive ability. They understand concepts like zero, abstract concepts. They do everything that chimpanzees do,” says McGowen. The fact is that they are so different from us and so much like us at the same time. Dolphin brains look nothing like human brains. The more you learn about them, the more you realize that they do have the ability that we think of a person. These mammals recognize themselves in the mirror and have a sense of social identity. They not only know who they are, but they also have a sense of who, where and what their groups are. 1. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Dolphins genes affect their nervous system.B. Dolphins are so different from human beings.C. Dolphins can recognize themselves in the mirror. D. Dolphins brains are surprisingly similar to ours. 2. Dolphins and human beings have_. A. the same brains B. mon grandfatherC. the same thought D. mon functions3. Scientists found that_.A. dolphins have a small brain B. dolphins brains have strange wiring C. many gene sequences in dolphins had changed D. dolphins can recognize and read many numbers4. Dolphins can do everything that _.A. chimpanzees do B. monkeys do C. dogs do D. humans do【篇章导读】科学家研究表明：海豚天生聪明，它们和人类分享许多基因，它们的大脑和人类具有惊人的相似之处，它们不仅知道它们是谁，而且知道它们的群体在哪里。【答案解析】1. D 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句，可知海豚和人类分享许多基因，这些基因使它们变得很聪明，故选D项。2. B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句，可知海豚和人类有共同的祖先，故选B项。3. C 细节判断题。根据第三段第二句，可知科学家发现海豚体内的228个基因序列已经改变的和一些哺乳动物如牛、狗、马和人类的基因相关，故C项正确。4. A 细节理解题。根据第四段第四句，可知海豚能够做黑猩猩做的一起事情，故选A项。【生词注释】distantly adv. 远离地, genome n. 基因组, primate n. 灵长类, mammals n. 哺乳类, cognitive adj. 认知的【难句解读】The more you learn about them, the more you realize that they do have the ability that we think of a person. 你越了解它们，你就越意识到它们确实具有我们考虑一个人的能力。the morethe more 越越D推理判断细节理解主旨大意猜测词义要求2-31-20-10-1实际安排121话题医疗体裁议论文难度新度关键词injection词数 327建议时间 6分钟正确率 _/4An injection of genes that make antibodies against nicotine could help millions of smokers kick the habit, scientists believe. Just one injection could provide life-long protection against nicotine needs and it could finally be used to vaccinate children to stop them ever smoking.The scientists have tested only on mice so far, but research involving people could begin in as little as two years. The injection contains genes programmed to make antibodies that cancel out nicotine before it reaches the brain, where it would normally cause the feelings of smoking. The theory is that if smokers no longer get such satisfaction from cigarettes, they will find it easier to quit. The injection ensured there are always some in the blood to fight nicotine. When vaccinated mice were given nicotine, the antibodies cut the amount that made its way to the brain by 85 per cent, with no effect on their behavior, blood pressure or heart rate. Most smokers who try to quit smoking again within six months, but lead researcher Dr Ronald Crystal said: “This new vaccine may offer a much-needed solution.” The research is still at an early stage and the need for large-scale studies means the injection is at least five years from the market. If it proved to be safe and effective, it could finally be used in school to stop youngsters from ever starting to smoke.Darren Griffin said the study was important, but warned that what worked in mice did not always work in man. Prof Anthony Dayan said: “Nicotine addiction by way of smoking is harmful, but is it important to produce a major and lasting change in someones body to prevent it when other, less major, types of treatment are possible.”Around a fifth of Britons smokers are starting while still in their teens. Previous studies have shown that existing treatments, from advising to pills, are of little benefit, with up to 80 per cent smoking again within six months. 1. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. An injection can help smokers quit smoking.B. Many children begin to learn to smoke at school.C. The scientists will have a test on people in two years.D. Scientists find it easier to fight the feelings of smoking.2. A smoker may have an injection _. A. in xx B. in xx C. in xx D. in xx 3. Darren Griffin means _.A. the study is important but harmful.B. the study may not suitable for human beingsC. its hard to prove the injection safe and effectiveD. its important to produce a major type of treatment4. Whats the shorting of existing smoking treatments?A. They are of no benefit.B. They cant last too long.C. They need to be advertised.D. They only ask smokers to take pills. 【篇章导读】科学家通过在老鼠身上试验证明：注射DNA疫苗可以阻止尼古丁的摄入欲望，从而帮助烟民戒烟。五年后，这项研究成果将可能用来阻止孩子染上吸烟的习惯。【答案解析】1. A 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句，可知科学家相信注射一支对尼古丁产生抗体的基因疫苗能够帮助成千上万的烟民戒烟，故选A项。2. D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句，可知注射疫苗的研究还处在初级阶段，疫苗上市至少还需要五年的时间，故选D项。3. B 细节判断题。根据第五段第一句，可知Darren Griffin 认为这项研究很重要，同时也警告说适用于老鼠的试验未必适用于人类，故选B项。4. B 细节理解题。根据第六段第二句，可知研究表明目前的戒烟方法的治疗效果不明显，80%的烟民会在六个月内重新吸烟，故选B项。【生词注释】nicotine n. 尼古丁,vaccinate vt. 给注射疫苗, large-scale adj.大规模的, addiction n. 上瘾【难句解读】The injection contains genes programmed to make antibodies that cancel out nicotine before it reaches the brain, where it would normally cause the feelings of smoking. 注射疫苗含有制造抗体的程序化的基因，这些基因可以在尼古丁到达大脑之前将尼古丁取消，在哪里它可以引起吸烟的感觉。这句话含有一个that引导的宾语从句和一个where引导的非限制性定语从句。E推理判断细节理解主旨大意猜测词义要求2-31-20-10-1实际安排121话题学校生活体裁夹叙夹议难度新度关键词schooldays词数 302建议时间 5分钟正确率 _/4Being unpopular with your classmates may not only make your schooldays painful, it could also make you ill decades later. Research has shown those who are socially alone in their teens are more likely to suffer health problems from obesity to high blood pressure when they hit their 40s.Importantly, the health effects werent limited to those who were threatened at school, suggesting that even being slightly socially alone can be harmful to health. Swedish researchers analyzed data from a study that tracked the health and habits of around 900 16-year-olds for 27 years. At the start, their teachers were asked to rate how extroverted or introverted they were and their popularity. At around the age of 43, they underwent a battery of medical tests.The results linked unpopularity and social loneliness to obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and bad blood fats. The study also showed that the more unpopular someone was in their teens, the more likely they were to suffer from changed syndrome in middle-age. The effect was particularly noticeable among the girls, with the most unpopular and introverted at 16 more than three times as likely to be in bad shape at 43.The researchers, from Umea University, said the results cant simply explain away by those who are in bad health in middle-age being sickly since their teens. They added that their study is the first to show that unhappy schooldays can have such long-lasting consequences.Various factors could lie behind the effect. For instance, loneliness can push blood pressure up into the danger zone for heart attacks. High levels of cortisol can also control the immune system, raising a persons weakness to disease. The lonely also sleep more fitfully and they may also turn to fort eating and be less likely to look after themselves in general.1. The passage mainly talks about _.A. many students are threatened at schoolB. sad schooldays make students feel lonelyC. sad schooldays link to illness in middle ageD. fat students are easy to have high blood pressure 2. The unpopularity and loneliness can make students suffer from illness EXCEPT _. A. stomachache B. obesity C. diabetes D. high blood pressure 3. The researchers in Umea University find that_.A. social loneliness can be harmful to healthB. unhappy schooldays can cause long-lasting consequencesC. unpopular students will be sick at around the age of 43D. girls are more likely to suffer from illness in middle-age4. What does lead to the lonely gain weight?A. bad habits B. medical tests C. sleeping tablets D. fort eating【篇章导读】研究表明：不愉快的学生时代与中年时期的疾病有着必然的联系，不愉快的学生容易患肥胖等一些疾病，这种影响对女学生的影响尤其明显。【答案解析】1. C 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句，可知和同学相处的不好不仅使你的学生时代很痛苦，而且会使你在几十年后患上疾病，故选C项。2. A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句，可知不受欢迎和社交孤独可以导致肥胖、高血压、糖尿病和坏血脂，故选A项。3. B 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句，可知他们第一个研究表明：不快乐的学生时代可以导致长期的后果，故选B项。4. D 细节判断题。根据第五段最后一句，可知孤独者也断断续续地睡眠，他们一般求助于安慰性饮食而很少照顾自己，故选D项。【生词注释】track v. 跟踪, extroverted adj. 性格外向的, introverted adj. 性格内向的, syndrome n综合征, cortisol n. 皮质醇【难句解读】The effect was particularly noticeable among the girls, with the most unpopular and introverted at 16 more than three times as likely to be in bad shape at 43. 这种影响在女孩中间尤其明显，最不受欢迎和性格最内向的16岁女孩的身体欠佳的状况是43岁女人的三倍多。 这句话含有一个with复合结构和一个表示倍数的结构more than three times asas。