2019-2020年高中英语 Module4 Grammar-使用被动语态应注意的问题讲练 外研版必修5.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Module4 Grammar-使用被动语态应注意的问题讲练 外研版必修51. 由“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词，如pay attention to, take care of, make use of等用于被动语态时，通常将整个短语动词当作一个及物动词，也可将其中的名词（短语）提前作主语构成被动语态。如：We take good care of these little trees.These little trees are taken good care of.Good care is taken of these little trees.2. 使役动词have, make等和感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后接不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中用不带to的不定式，被动结构则用带to的不定式。如：My mother often makes me wash my clothes.Im often made to wash my clothes by my mother.I saw the teacher go into the classroom.The teacher was seen to go into the classroom by me.3. cut, wash, write, sell, wear, lock等动词，当表示主语的属性、特征时，不用被动语态。试比较：The blue coat washes well. (表属性、特征) The blue coat was washed yesterday. (表动作)The new door wont lock easily. (表属性、特征)The new door was locked by the boy. (表动作)4. 某些表示“发生（happen, take place, occur）”、“爆发（break out, burst out）”和“传播（spread）”的动词没有被动语态。如：Great changes have taken place in our country since 1980. Fire broke out during the night. The news spread like wildfire.5. 一些表示静态意义的及物动词（短语）have, hold, cost, fit, belong to, date back to, look like等没有被动语态。如：This big hall built last year can hold about 3,000 people.The old temple dates back to the Song dynasty.6. look, smell, sound, feel, taste等用作系动词时不用于被动语态。如：The eggs I bought last week smell bad.The wine tastes like water.【拓展】常见主动式表被动含义的情况1. 当need, want, require等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语时，常用动词-ing形式的主动式表被动含义。如：The old house needs repairing.The flowers want watering every week.2. 形容词worth后接动词-ing形式的主动式表被动含义。如：The book is well worth reading.3. 不定式作后置定语，且与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不定式用主动式。如：I would like a magazine to look at.4. easy, simple, hard, heavy, fit, good, impossible等形容词后的不定式常用主动式。如：The problem was easy to solve.【即学即练】I. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。1. Marks voice _ _ _ _ (听起来有点奇怪) on the phone yesterday. 2. Your pen _ _ _ (写起来很流畅).3. I dont know why the book _ _ _ (卖得如此好).4. If you want to make greater progress, you have _ _ _ _ (许多困难需要克服).5. The water in the river _ _ _ _ _ (不适合饮用).II. 用括号内动词（短语）的正确形式完成下面对话。Ella: Lee, the ancient architectures in your hometown are so beautiful!Lee: Yes. They 1. _ (date back to) the Qing dynasty and have a history of hundreds of years. Now they 2. _ (belong to) the government and 3. _ (visit) by large numbers of people every day.Ella: I think building them 4. _ (cost) a lot of money.Lee: Of course. Especially when an earthquake 5. _ (happen) thirty years ago, special attention 6. _ (pay) to the buildings, many of which were damaged and needed 7. _ (repair). A lot of people here gave their money to help the government repair them. Then the buildings became as beautiful as before.Ella: They are really worth 8. _ (see) again.GRAMMAR【即学即练】I. 1. sounded a little strange 2. writes quite smoothly 3. sells so well 4. many difficulties to overe 5. isnt fit to drinkII. 1. date back to 2. belong to 3. are visited 4. cost 5. happened 6. was paid 7. repairing / to be repaired 8. seeing