2019-2020年高考英语总复习 情态动词知识讲解.doc

2019-2020年高考英语总复习 情态动词知识讲解真题再现： 1. We have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.A. may notB. needntC. cantD. mustnt 2. _you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would3. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. A. might B. could C. shall D. will4. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao” just as I _ do in China.A. must B. might C. can D. should 5. I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.A. wont B. cant C. can D. will 6. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need7. Its quite warm here; we _turn the heating on yet. A. couldnt B. mustntC. neednt D. wouldnt8. I use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train es by my house.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt9. Happy birthday! Thank you! Its the best present _ I for.A. should have wishedB. must have wishedC. may have wishedD. could have wished10. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 11. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ say where he was.A. mustntB. shouldntC. wouldntD. mightnt答案与解析：1. B。may not不可以，neednt不需要，cant不可能，mustnt绝不可能。本句句意为：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。2. C。句意：“你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。3. C。Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。4. B。句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。5. B。所填情态动词与too构成固定句型cant/couldnt too，意思是“再都不为过”，选B。6. A。考查can的本意“能”，表示“能力”。句意：我要和John一起去欧洲度假，如果我能找到钱。7. C。“neednt have done.”表示“本没有必要”。句意为：这儿相当暖和，我们本没有必要打开取暖器。8. D。此处考查情态动词，neednt+动词原形表示：没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。9. D。A项意为“本应该期望而实际上并非如此”；B项意为“一定希望”；C项意为“也许希望”；D项意为“可能希望”。句意为：生日快乐！谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。根据句意可知，应选D项。10. C。该句所表达的意思是刚才我不因该吃那么多炸鸡，而实际上是吃了那么多，可以判断用shouldnt have eaten. 答案是 C。 11. C。mustnt意为“禁止”；shouldnt意为“不应该”；wouldnt意为“不愿意”；mightnt意为“或许不”。句意为：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切很好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。根据句意可知，应选C项。语法讲解：情态动词特点：1.除ought和used外，情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果把ought to和used to看作是固定词组，可以说所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式： We used to grow beautiful roses. I asked if he would e and repair my television set. 2. 情态动词在谓语中总是位居最前面： They need not have been punished so severely. 3. 情态动词没有数的变化： She dare not say what she thinks. 4. 除be able to外，没有非限定形式，即没有不定式、分词和动名词形式： Not being able to help her, he felt sorry. 5. 情态动词的“时”的形式不是时间区别的标志。在不少场合，情态动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间： Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it. 6. 情态动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个谓语结构中只能出现一个情态助动词： You should have washed the wound.can/could的用法【链接高清课堂方芳“情态动词can/could的用法”】表示能力。 Two eyes can see more than one. 表示允许。 Can I have a look at your new pen? Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 表惊异、怀疑、猜测，主要用于否定句、疑问句。Where can (could) they have gone? He cant (couldnt) be over sixty. How can you be so careless? You cant be serious.may/might的用法表允许，might 语气更委婉。You may take whatever you like. He told me that I might smoke in the room. 表可能，语气不肯定。I am afraid they may not agree with him. must的用法表必须（主观意志）We must do everything we can to help him. Must we hand in our exercise books now?No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 表示揣测。意为“想必、准是”，只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He looks so pale. She must have a lot of money, for she drives a BMW.用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”。How old are you?If you must know, Im twice my sons age.be able to的用法can不能和其他助动词连用，表示将来式时用will be able to.You will be able to operate it by yourself after you have practiced two or three times.如表示具体做某一件事的能力时，则须用be able to .He was able to translate the article without a dictionary. can表示一贯的能力，be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力。The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out.When the boat sank he was able to swim to the bank.have to的用法have to的含义与must是很接近的，只是have to比较强调客观需要，must着重说明主观看法。I must clean the room.（主观想法）I have to clean the room.（客观需要）have to 能用于更多时态，have to 的否定式为“dont have to do”，表示“不必做”之意。We didnt have to be there at ten. We will have to reconsider the whole thing.should/ought to的用法 1. should 表示主语应该做某种正确而明智的事，是说话人的劝告。强调主观。语气比must轻。You shouldnt judge a man always by the clothes.2. 表示说话人较有把握的猜测，“估计应该/将会”：That should be Janet ing upstairs now.3. 情态动词should一般不应被认为是情态动词shall的过去式，在“It is natural (strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that”句型中，主语从句中的谓语动词要用“should +动词原形”表示“理所当然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等的意思。在lest（以免）、for fear (that) (以防)、in case（以备万一）等之后也要用should+动词原形;在advise, suggest, order, demand, request 等的从句中“should do”。It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.It is strange that he should say so. Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train.4. ought to和should的含义大致相同：表示对做某种正确而明智的事的建议或者责任、义务(与I连用时用should) 。You should / ought to have received the report by now.You were out enjoying yourself when you ought to have been studying.Youll catch a cold if you go out like that. I think you should /ought to take a hat. (表建议)People should/ought to be warned (=passive) of the danger of swimming off this beach. (责任、义务)I should visit my parents more often. (责任、义务)shall的用法1. 用于第一人称征求对方的意见What shall I wear on the journey? 我路上穿什么好呢？Shall we dance? 我们跳舞好吗？2. shall 用于第二、三人称时表允诺、警告、命令、威胁She shall get her share. You shall have it back tomorrow. will/would的用法1. will表示将来一定会发生的事情；否定表一定不会发生。 A meeting about it will be held next Tuesday at 3 p.m. Maybe by then you will have changed your mind. 2. 用来表示某人愿意或准备做某事，否定形式表示拒绝或不听使唤。 The baby wont eat anything. Sue wont give me back my pencil case. 3. will用来询问某人是否愿意。 Will you phone me later? Shut the door, will you?4. will表示愿意向某人主动提供或邀请某人做某事。 Will you have some more tea? Wont you have a seat?5. will表示在一定条件/ 情景下通常会发生的情况：规律Oil will float on water. Every day Dan will e home from work and turn on the TV.6. would表示过去的意图或期望将会发生某事，表示“有可能”。She would be about 60 when she died.John promised his doctor he would not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.7. would表示说话人设想的可能会发生 (实际上不可能发生) 的情况。What would you do if you won a million pounds?8. would表示礼貌地提供帮助或提出请求。Would someone please tell me what is going on?Would you like a coffee? Were going to the theatre this evening. Would you be interested in ing?9. would表示过去有规律性地反复发生的事，指过去的习惯。When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together. On summer evenings they would sit out in the garden. 注意：表示过去的反复行为，可用would和used to；表示现在不再存在的过去习惯则只能用used to：We would/ used to lend him money when he was unemployed. The place where a tall building stands used to be a garden.当该习惯为状态时只能用used to：The factory used to be in the city centre. need和dare的用法need和dare主要是分清其作实义动词和作情态动词的用法；need和dare作情态动词主要用于否定和疑问句，很少用于肯定句（如I dare say）。You need (not) do it right now. (need为实义动词) You will (not) need to do it right now. (need为情态动词) 情态动词表示推测must用来表示推断, 只用于肯定句中。表示“一定”、“准是”。表示对过去事情的推断要用must have done。She must be walking around the campus now.It must have rained last night for it was wet in the street.can用来表示“推断”。常用于否定句和疑问句中。表示对过去事情的推断要用couldnt have done。What can they mean by saying that?In no country other than England, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.can有时也在肯定句中表示推断，说明逻辑上的可能性，而与事实无关。If it is raining tomorrow, the sports can take place indoors.The room is in such a terrible mess. It cant have been cleaned as the landlady said.should可以表示对将来的推断，意思是“必定会”。Its nearly seven oclock, Jack should be here at any moment.ought to表示推断，表示“想必”、“非常可能”。There is a lot of smoke ing out of the teaching building there.Really? It ought to be a fire, most probably.may表示推断，可以用于肯定句和否定句中，不能用于疑问句中。表示的可能性不大。might表示推断，也可以用于肯定句和否定句中，不能用于疑问句中。表示的可能性很小，或者只是一种担心。Who can it be that is knocking at the door?It may be father, but Im not sure.Im afraid it might be snowing tonight.若对此刻正在发生的事，接“be +现在分词”；若对现在或未来情况的推测，接动词原形；若对过去情况的推测，接“have +过去分词”。He must be tired after running so far.Mary cant be playing badminton now, for I saw her in the library just now.He might have forgotten what happened to him two years ago.含有表推测的情态动词的句子的反意疑问句。He must/may be in the room, isnt he?He must have finished the project, hasnt he?He may have done it ahead of time, didnt he?“情态动词+have done”结构：1. ought to have done sth./should have done sth.表示对现在已经发生或过去发生的情况的期盼，“本该”。If the flight was on time, he should/ ought to have arrived in New York early this morning.You should/ ought to have caught the train.2. neednt have done sth.表示现在已经或过去本没必要做某事而实际上做了。I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I neednt have done so. The weather was hot.3. would rather have done表示“宁愿现在已经做或过去做某事”。I managed to finish it on time, but I would rather have started earlier.4. could have done表示“本能够”。I could have done it better, but the time was limited.5.must have done“准是已经”The movie must have started.6. cant/couldnt have done “不大可能”The coat couldnt have been washed, for it is still so dirty.7. might have done “可能”The storm might have caused great damage. I