2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 5 Unit 14 Careers 北师大版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 5 Unit 14 Careers 北师大版重点识记词汇1.reward n.&vt.奖赏2.take charge of接管，控制3.summary n.摘要，总结 4.consult vt.请教；查阅5.casual adj.随意的，非正式的 6.quarrel vi.&n.争吵，吵架7.make up编造make out假称；听出，看出 8.get into detail(s)讨论，细谈9.speak up大声地说，自由而大胆地说出 10.sit up坐直11.charge vt.收费，要价；控告；n.负责；收费；控告；主管 12.basis n.基础，根据13.appointment n.约见，约会appoint v.任命；委任；安排 14.wisdom n.智慧15.instant n.片刻，瞬息instantly adv.立刻；马上 16.believe in信仰，信任17.surrounding adj.附近的，周围的 18.turn over反转19.overe vt.战胜，克服 20.pay off取得成功；取得好结果21.grasp vt.理解，领会；抓牢，抓紧 22.inspect v.审查23.keep up with跟上，赶上 24.decrease v.减少，降低25.operate vi.运转，运作；vt.操作 26.flexible adj.灵活的，柔韧的27.envy vt.羡慕，妒忌 28.bother vt.烦扰；打扰29.in case以防万一；万一 30.due to由于31mit v.投入mitment n.承诺，保证 32.in addition此外33.glory n.荣耀的事，值得骄傲的事glorious adj.光荣的 34.existence n.生活；存在35.constantly adv.不断地constant adj.不断的，连续的36.hesitate v.犹豫，踌躇hesitation n.犹豫37.judgement n.判断，判断力judge v.判断；n.法官；裁判38.respond vi.反应；回复，回答response n.回复，回答39fort n.舒适，安逸fortable adj.舒适的40.illegal adj.非法，违法的，不合法的legal adj.合法的必背经典句式1.People will move around to do different jobs，rather than moving up in the pany as before.人们不会像以前那样在同一个公司寻求提升，他们会多方去寻找不同的工作。2.The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.她一停止问问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。3.Its not about making men more like women，but helping men to municate as well.其目的不是使男性更像女性，而是帮助他们形成和女性一样良好的沟通技巧。4.Our reporter interviews some of our classmates and asks about the jobs they would like to do.我们的记者采访了一些同学，问他们想做什么工作。5.I find it a real battle being on my feet all the time like that.我发现像那样总是站着真的是一场战斗。构词记忆musician /mjuzIn/n.C音乐家；作曲家physician /fIzIn/n.C医生；内科医生politician /pltIn/n.C政治家；政客.词汇与派生A语境填词1The government offered ten thousand yuan as the reward(奖金) for his contribution in the field.2Her decision seems to show a lack of political judgement(评判)3Tell me how to operate(操作) the electronic puter，will you?4This hotel charged(收费) me 5 for a room for one night.5I recognized my teacher instantly(一就) I saw her.6Have you consulted(咨询) a doctor about your headache?7He couldnt conceal his envy(忌妒) of me.8Tell her to make a timetable so she can finish the plot summary(总结) on time.9The surrounding(周围的) villages are using it for agriculture.10Instead of doing everything for them，parents should encourage their children to overe(克服) difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves.B用所给词的适当形式填空11Sue rang up to make an appointment (appoint) with the doctor.12A peaceloving China will not hesitate (hesitation) to take necessary action when its core interests are violated.13She is always bucking about her glorious (glory) past.14It is illegal (legal) to carry guns without permission.15I was unaware of his existence (exist) until now.16His report was constantly (constant) interrupted by applause.17Wealth empowered him to live a fortable (fort) life.短语运用A用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空 pay off，turn over，give up，be bored with，be connected with，keep up with，take risks，apply for，stand out，look forward to18Turn over the stone and probably you will find an ant family there.19We will have more money to spend after we pay off our mortgage.20The students are bored with eating the same kind of box lunch every day.21The quality of the products is connected with the quality of their makers.22Never give up，for when one door is closed，a window is open for you.23I had to run to keep up with the girls.24Some fans are looking forward to seeing the famous star who is ing to perform in this city.25If you want to stand out among all the students，youll have to work much harder than before.26Many university graduates will apply for this position if you quit your job.27You have to take risks if you want to succeed in business.B用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 in addition，without doubt，a variety of，in case，in demand，due to28.To some extent，this is due to the nature of the world around it.29Good secretaries are always in demand in our pany.30Write the telephone number down in case you forget it.31Without doubt，she is the best nurse in the hospital.32Society is made up of a variety of people；some are good，others bad and still others in between.33I wont go out now. Its very cold outside.In addition，it is very late now.经典句式34John，rather than his teammates，is to blame.要受责备的是约翰，而不是他的队友们。35She began to cry the instant she read the letter.她一读信就开始哭了。36Ill behave toward them as I would like to be treated. 我会以希望别人对待我的方式来对待他们。37I found it easy to work out the problem.I could do it by myself. 我发现解决这个问题很容易。我自己能做出来。38Not father but mother was present at the ceremony.不是父亲而是母亲出席了此仪式。1应试指导in reward for作为高级词汇替换in return forin reward for为奖赏as a reward for作为对的奖赏reward sb.for sth.因某事而奖赏某人reward sb.with sth.用某物回报某人He was given a medal as a reward for his service.作为对所提供服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。夯实基础语法填空(1)His efforts，Im sure，will be rewarded(reward) with remarkable success in time.(2)What can I do in reward for your help?(3)She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.2 charge n.要价，收费；指控，控告；指责，谴责；主管，掌管(the control over)；负责；v.收(费)，要价(ask an amount of money for.)；控告，起诉；指责(accuse sb.of)；充电应试指导熟词新义的考查charge sb.with (doing)accuse sb.of (doing)指控某人犯罪charge sb.money for sth.因某物收某人钱free of charge免费,in charge of掌管(表状态)take charge of掌管(表动作)in the charge of由掌管，受约束于She charged me 24 for the book.这本书她向我要价24美元。A week later，I volunteered to take charge of English study in my class.一个星期以后，我自愿负责班级里的英语学习。夯实基础(1)Police have charged Mr.Bell with murder.Police have accused Mr.Bell of murder.(用accuse改写句子)(2)He is in charge of the class.The class is in the charge of him.(用the class作主语改写句子)He takes charge of the class.(用take charge of改写句子)(3)Mr.Bell，who is in charge of the class，has been charged with murder by police.(用定语从句连接(1)(2)原句)3with the aid of sb.with ones aid在某人的帮助下in aid of用以援助/帮助do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid进行急救aid sb.to do/with sth.帮助某人做某事e/go to ones aid来/去帮助某人He succeeded with the aid of a pletely new method he discovered.借助于自己发现的一种全新的方法，他获得了成功。The hunt for her killer will continue，with police aided by the army and air force.警方将在陆军和空军的帮助下，继续追踪谋杀她的凶手。夯实基础语法填空(1)With the aid of puters，he finished his novel ahead of time.(2)Nobody came to her aid when she was in trouble.(3)They aided the poor country with money.4多词一义consult，refer to，turn to，look upconsult a dictionary查字典consult sb.请教某人consult with sb.about/on sth.就与某人商量She consulted her doctor about her disease.她向她的医师求诊。I consulted with a friend of mine about this matter.我就此事与我的一个朋友商量。图解助记特别提醒consult用作“请教；咨询；查阅”解时，是及物动词；作“商量”解时，多用作不及物动词，后跟with sb.，意为“和某人商量”。词义辨析consult，refer to，look up都可以用来表示“查阅、参考”的意义，但是其宾语有所不同：consult (refer to)a book/dictionary/encyclopedia，etc.look up sth.in a book/dictionary/encyclopedia，etc.夯实基础用consult，refer to，look up的适当形式填空(1)Consult your doctor about how much exercise you should attempt.(2)Let me just refer to/consult my notes for the exact figures.(3)When I e across something unknown，I will look it up in a reference book.5应试指导过去分词作状语的考查surroundings n.环境surround vt.围绕；环绕surround.with.使包围be surrounded with/by被包围The surrounding cities require their factories to use advanced equipment for reducing air pollution.周围的城市要求工厂使用先进的设备来降低空气污染。As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness.幼年时我备受关爱。夯实基础(1)用surround的适当形式填空The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city.Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded.(2)The Swiss can feel secure because they are surrounded by Europe.Surrounded by Europe，the Swiss can feel secure.(用过去分词作原因状语改写句子)6多词一义mit，do，act，carry on，perform，practicemit a crime犯罪mit suicide自杀mit to doing.答应做mit oneself to (doing) sth.答应做make a mitment to do.答应做mitted adj.尽责的I have never mitted any crime.我从来没犯过罪。There are unconfirmed reports that he has tried to mit suicide.有未经证实的报道说他曾企图自杀。夯实基础语法填空(1)On balance，I think I would rather not mit myself to going (go) with you.(2)We made a mitment (mit) to keep working together.(3)Change3s soft landing proves that，with mitment and determination, all obstacles can be overe.(4)The government mitted itself to reducing taxes.(5)A robbery was mitted(mit) near here last night.7e into existence产生；成立；开始存在in existence存在exist vi.存在(be present)；生活，生存(live)exist in存在于之中exist on靠为生There exists/existed.某地有；存在This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence.这是现存最早的希伯来语手稿。They cant exist on the money hes earning.他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。夯实基础(1)用exist的适当形式填空There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.Do you know when the Marriage Law came into existence?(2)选择方框内的短语填空He could hardly exist on such a low wage.Some substances unknown are in existence naturally.These programs didnt exist in the 1930s.8应试指导写作中用do.without hesitation代替dont hesitate to do.hesitate to do.迟疑做；不愿做hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth.对(做)某事犹豫不决without hesitation毫不犹豫地have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事She hesitated a long time and then said “Yes”.她犹豫了很长时间，然后才说“行”。I will not hesitate to make unpopular decisions.我会毫不犹豫地作出并不受欢迎的决定。夯实基础(1)语法填空Seeing(see) the girl struggling in the lake，he threw himself in the icy water without hesitation, and saved her from drowning.He never hesitates to help(help) me whenever Im in trouble.(2)I would decline the post without hesitation.I would have no hesitation in declining the post.(用have no hesitation in.改写句子)9in ones judgement依某人看来judge n.裁判员；法官；vt.判定；判断；判决(form an opinion about sth.or decide a result of sth.)judge sb./sth.(to be).判断某人(事)judging from/by.根据判断Judging by the look on his face，the news must have been terrible.从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。Her decision seems to show a lack of political judgement.她的决定似乎显示出缺乏政治判断力。夯实基础In my judgement，all of them are to blame.(1)In my opinion，all of them are to blame.(用opinion改写句子)(2)As far as I am concerned，all of them are to blame.(用concern改写句子)10operate on/upon sb.给某人动手术be in operation在运转；在行动中；在实施中e/go into operation开始工作(生效)put/bring into operation实施；实行operator (电话)接线员The department store is well operated.这家百货公司经营得很好。Do you know how to operate the heating system?你知道怎么操作这个加热系统吗？夯实基础用operate的适当形式填空(1)This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(2)In the good care of the nurses，the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation.(3)He dialed the operator and put in a call for Rome.11envy sb.(for) sth.妒忌或羡慕某人某事feel envy at/of.对感到妒忌或羡慕out of envy出于妒忌,with envy忌妒地；羡慕地bee/be the envy of.成为忌妒或羡慕的目标/对象I envy you having such a close family.我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。Her many talents were the envy of all her friends.她多才多艺，所有的朋友都很羡慕她。夯实基础语法填空(1)He looked with envy at his neighbours new car.(2)Her beauty is the envy of all her friends.(3)You have no idea how I envy your talent.(4)He couldnt hide his envy at/of his brothers success.12应试指导交际用语中的用法bother about sth.为某事烦恼bother sb.with sth.为某事打扰某人bother doing sth.花费精力做某事bother to do sth.特意(地)做某事bother oneself about为操心/焦虑/困扰Most of the papers didnt even bother reporting it.大多数报纸甚至懒得去报道这件事。夯实基础(1)语法填空Dont bother about getting dinner for me.Dont bother me with little things like that.I dont want to put you to any bother.(2)如今很多人不再费心思举行婚礼。(翻译句子)Lots of people dont bother to go through a marriage ceremony these days.13be in a panic处在恐慌中get into a panic陷入恐慌in panic惊慌失措地panic sb.into doing sth.使某人惊慌地做某事I phoned the police in a panic，crying that Id lost the baby.我惊慌失措地给警察打电话，哭着说我的孩子丢了。She refused to be panicked into a hasty marriage.她不愿因恐慌而仓促结婚。夯实基础语法填空(1)Im in a panic about getting everything done in time.(2)Shoppers are panicked into buying things they dont need.(3)The crowd ran out in panic.1be made up of由组成(构成)make up for弥补；补偿be made of/from由制成be made into把制成be made out of由制成make it获得成功；约定时间make out看清；分清；辨认清楚Women officers make up 13 per cent of the police force.女警占警力的13%。特别提醒make up和make up for都可作“弥补”解，但是make up的宾语是直接可以弥补的东西，如耽误了一节课可以把这节课补上，而make up for的宾语是不能直接弥补的东西，只是通过另一种形式弥补，比如丢失的时间。夯实基础写出下列句子中make up的汉语意思(1)North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.组成，构成(2)I think its very unkind of you to make up stories about him.编造(3)She spent too much time making herself up.化妆(4)Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？补上(5)They never made up the quarrel.和好2 pay off得到好结果(bring a good result)；付清(finish paying the money)；(付清工资后)解雇；取得成功(be successful)应试指导作为高级词汇替换succeed，be successful pay for付的钱；为而付出代价pay back偿还；向报复pay up总算付清全部欠款；还清pay a visit to访问It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.他得用余生来还清那笔贷款。I had a hard time getting him to pay up.我好不容易让他还清了全部欠款。夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空(1)Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.(2)Can you lend me 10？Ill pay you back on Friday.(3)Dad，I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.I see.Ill go right away and pay him off.3keep it up保持优秀成绩；继续干下去keep up保持keep back忍住；隐瞒keep down抵制；控制keep off不接近，让开；不让接近，挡开keep sth.in mind把某事记在心里keep an eye on留神注意；照看John has to study hard to keep up with his classmates.约翰得努力学习才能跟上他的同学们。夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空(1)They lit a fire to keep off wild animals.(2)Neither of them is telling the whole truth.Obviously，they keep something back.(3)Even wellestablished panies can scarcely keep up with demand.(4)You can use farm chemicals to keep down the weeds.4应试指导(1)in no case位于句首时倒装的考查(2)case作先行词时定语从句的考查in most cases在大多数情况下；在大多数场合下in case of万一，如果发生in any case无论如何，总之in no case决不(置于句首，引起倒装)as is often the case这是常有的事as the case may be视情况而定，看状况as the case stands现阶段下，以目前的情况看It may rain；youd better take an umbrella in case.可能会下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。In no case should you give up.你决不应该放弃。思考题表达“决不”的短语还有：at no time，by no means，under no circumstances，on no account，in no way，on no condition，on no consideration等。 特别提醒(1)in case可单独使用，也可后接句子，跟句子时，从句中可用虚拟语气(should) do。(2)当case作先行词且定语从句中不缺少主干成分时，要用where引导定语从句。夯实基础(1)选择方框内的短语填空As is often the case with him，he was late for class.Keep the windows closed in case it rains.In no case have I noticed that.(2)语法填空Ill be out for some time.In case anything important happens/(should) happen(happen)，call me up immediately.As is often the case，she is punctual.Today，well discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.1 The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.她一停止问问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。the instant作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：the moment，the minute，the second，the first time，the day，the week，the month，the year，each/every/next/any/last time，immediately，instantly，directly等。He paid back the money he owed us the instant he returned home.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。特别提醒for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。夯实基础I fell in love with you the moment I saw you.(1)I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.(用as soon as改写句子)(2)I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.(用以ly结尾的连词改写句子)2 People will move around to do different jobs，rather than moving up in the pany as before.人们不会像以前那样在同一个公司寻求提升，他们会多方去寻找不同的工作。rather than而不是；宁肯；宁愿；与其不如would rather do A than do Bwould do A rather than do B宁愿做A而不愿做Bwould rather从句，宁愿(从句中用一般过去时表示与现在、将来事实相反的假设；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的假设)prefer to do A rather than do B比起做B更喜欢做Aother than除了以外or rather更确切地说We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules，stopping at the red light rather than plaining about traffic jams.我们应该严格并自愿地遵守交通规则，做到红灯停，而不是一味地抱怨交通堵塞。(江苏书面表达)夯实基础She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.(1)She preferred going with us to staying behind.(用prefer doing.to doing.改写句子)(2)She would rather go with us than stay behind.(用would rather do.than do.改写句子)(3)She would go with us rather than stay behind.(用would do.rather than do.改写句子)3 单元语法将下列直接引语变为间接引语(1)“Ill be visiting Chinas Export modities Fair next week，” Amy said.Amy said that she would be visiting Chinas Export modities Fair the next week.(2)“Are you sorry for what you have done？” the mother asked the boy.The mother asked the boy whether he was sorry for what he had done.(3)Uncle Liu asked John，“How long have you been waiting for the splendid sunrise？”Uncle Liu asked John how long he had been waiting for the splendid sunrise.(4)The teacher said，“Dont read in dim light，boys.”The teacher told the boys not to read in dim light.(5)Alice thought，“The troops must have arrived by now.”Alice thought the troops must have arrived by then.高考题组.短文改错(xx新课标全国)I hardly remember my grandmother.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.I was only four when she passes away.She is just a distant memory for me now.I remember my grandfather very much.He was tall，with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town，he was strong and powerful.In a fact，he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.However，he was the gentlest man I have never known.答案I hardly remember my grandmother.She used to me on her knees and sing old songs.I was only four when she away.She is just a distant memory for me now.I remember my grandfather very .He was tall，with broad and a beard that turned from black gray over the years.He had a deep voice，which set apart from others in our small town， he was strong and powerful.In a fact，he even scared my classmates away they came over to play or do homework with me.However，he was the gentlest man I have known.写作常用句翻译1.然后他们开始喊叫，后来大吵了起来。(quarrel)(xx江苏书面表达)Then they started shouting and yelling，and it turned into a horrible quarrel.2.我被委派来负责安排你们那天的所有活动。(take charge of)(2011天津书面表达)I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.3.我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。(judge)(xx大纲全国书面表达)Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.模拟题组.语法填空1.What we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly working.2.The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee.3.He may win the petition，in which case he is likely to get into the national team.4.If what your friend es up with surprises you，dont reject it immediately.Rather，imagine that it is true.5.Around two oclock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers(bother) us.6.It is said that this old building has existed(exist) for more than three hundred years.7.They have discussed for two years of drafting a new law to control the pollution but when it will be put into operation is still unknown.8.The sharp fall of the stock market caused a panic.9.There are some cases where this rule does not hold good.10.Whenever you have difficulty with your homework，dont hesitate to ask(ask) her for help.单句改错1.What do you think he will charge us of delivery？offor2.To sum，she agrees with us.ToIn或sum后加上up3.Dont be worried.We can depend on him to e to us aid.usour 4.They finally had a tal