2019-2020年高三英语专题复习 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句.doc

2019-2020年高三英语专题复习 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句内容： 名词性从句重难点突破：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：A: that（无任何词意）在从句中均不充当任何成分B: whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）在从句中均不充当任何成分C:连接代词有意义，且在从句中作相应的成分。 成分人/物主语宾语表语定语人who/whoeverwhom/whomeverwhowhose物what/whateverwhatwhatwhich/whichever连接副词有意义，且在从句中作相应的成分地点状语时间状语原因状语方式状语wherewhenwhyhow例如：What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.See the flags on top of the building? That was what we did this morning.Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.He asked me which tie I wanted to buyOur success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one anotherWhere he worked is not far from hereWhen he came is not known to us all.I didnt know why he didnt e二. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。一般常用，用it作形式主语从句作真正主语三、宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, mand等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。3. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况而使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中, 而从句的谓语动词用肯定式I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。5. 动词（表示好恶的动词）+ it +从句 （ it没有任何意义 ）I heard it that he had gone abroad.I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.6. 主语 + 谓语 + 形式宾语it + 宾补 +宾语从句I feel it a terrible thing that I have to get up so early.I took it for granted that you would stay with us.四、表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。That is why he didnt e to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。温馨提示：1. 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .2. thats why.与thats because的区别He was ill. Thats why he was absent from school.He was absent from school . Thats because he was ill.四. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。针对性练习：1. _ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom2. I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything.A. that B. when C. where D. why3 . Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it.A. where B. what C. whether D. which4. The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge.A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which5. It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.A. that B. how C. when D. why6 .Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which7. Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what8 . It is still under discussion _the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A. whether B. when C. which D. where9 Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why 10_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever11. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.A. what B. whose C. which D. that12 _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the pany.A. When B. How C. What D. That13 _ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A. That B. Which CWhether DWhat名词性从句（二）教学重难点：名词性从句的重难点 温馨提示： A: whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有or not 5 后接动词不定式时Whether he will e is not clear.B: 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。It is not important who will go.用whether/if 填空_he will e or not is not yet known. The question is _ it is worth doingIt depends on_ the manager will agree to the plan or not.I wonder _you can do me a favour.The problem _it is right or wrong has not yet been discussed.B what与that的区别1）在名词性从句中what可以作主语、宾语或表语，这时what具有两个含义：a保留疑问，即“什么”的意义；b相当于alleverything，常译成“的（东西事）”。如：Can you tell me what your name is？你能告诉我你叫什么名字吗？What she wants to know is which dress she should buy她想知道的是她应买哪件衣服。2）在名词性从句中that只起连接作用，它在从句中不作任何句子成分，也无任何意义。如：That the earth turns around the sun is known to allThe trouble is that he has never done the work before3）在名词性从句的引导词中只有 that，而且是只有在引导宾语从句时才可以省略。如：练习1.What did your parents think about your decision?They always let me do I think I should.A. when B. that C. how D. what 2Engines are to machines hearts are to animals.A. as B. that C. what D. which 3. With his work pleted, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 4 Its thirty years since we last met.But I still remember the story, believe it or not, we got lost on a rainy night.A. which B. that C. what D. when C: wh-疑问词与“疑问词ever”的区别what等连接代词或副词常只保留本身疑问的含义；而whatever等连接代词或副词则主要用以加强语气。如：Who can work out this problem is not known谁能解出这道题，目前还不清楚。Whoever can work out this problem will be praised任何一个能解出这道题的人都会受到表扬。专项考点练习1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It2A puter can only do _ you have instructed it to doAhow Bafter Cwhat Dwhen3. He asked _ for a violinA. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid4. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon A. when B. how C. whether D. why5It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever6. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who7. Sarah hopes to bee a friend of _shares her interests.A. anyone B. whomeverC. whoever D. no matter who8.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off ? A. why B. what C. when D. where9. I still remember _ this used to be a quiet village.A. when B. how C. where D. what10I read about it in some book or other，does it matter _ it was？Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich11 I think it is going to be a big problem.Yes, it could be.I wonder _ we can do about it. A、if B、how C、what D、that11. _that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says12. _ caused the accident is still a plete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where13. It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination.A. whether B. if C. that D. how14. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isnt like _ it used to be .A .what B. how C. that D. which15. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _.A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting alongC. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along名词性从句（三）内容： 综合性练习重难点突破：1 _struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.AThat BIt CWhat DWhich2 From space, the earth looks blue. This is _ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water. Awhy Bhow Cbecause Dwhether3_ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. That B. What C. Who D. Which4 Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. how B. thatC. which D. where5 Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _ my mother used to tell me.A. what B. how C. that D. whether6 I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A. what B. that C. which D. who7 Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats _ I was born.”A. when B. how C. why D. where8 _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A. Why B. When C. That D. What 9 It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. A. where B. what C. which D. why 10 Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how11 What a mess! You are always so lazy!Im not to blame, mum. I am _ you have made me.A. how B. what C. that D. who12 、As John Lennon once said，life is_ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. A. whichB. that C. whatD. where13 Pick yourself up. Courage is doing youre afraid to do.A. that B. what C. how D. whether14 The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.A. whereB. when C. howD. why15 “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _ my mother used to tell me.A. what B. howC. that D. whether16 I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A. what B. that C. which D. who17 Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats _ I was born.”A. when B. how C. why D. where18 _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A. Why B. When C. That D. What 19 It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. A. where B. what C. which D. why 20 Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how21 What a mess! You are always so lazy!Im not to blame, mum. I am _ you have made me.A. how B. what C. that D. who22 As John Lennon once said，life is_ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.A. whichB. that C. whatD. where23 Pick yourself up. Courage is doing youre afraid to do.A. that B. what C. how D. whether24 The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.A. whereB. whenC. howD. why状语从句1. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.Awhatever Bwhoever Cwherever Dwhichever2. She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.A. if B. unless C. after D. when3. One can always manage to do more things，no matter _ full ones schedule is in life.Ahow Bwhat Cwhen Dwhere4. Mark needs to learn Chinese _his pany is opening a branch in Beijing.A. unless B. until Calthough D. since5 _ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However6. I have heard a lot of good things about you _ I came back from abroad.Asince Buntil Cbefore Dwhen7_ small, the pany has about 1，000 buyers in over 30 countries.A. As B. If CAlthough DOnce8. “You cant judge a book by its cover，” _A. as the saying goes oldB. goes as the old sayingC. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying9. Its much easier to make friends _ you have similar interests.Aunless Bwhen Ceven though Dso that10. I took my driving license with me on holiday, _ I wanted to hire a car.A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only11. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision. A. although B. beforeC. because D. unless12. I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phone me to go back home at once.A. whenB. thanC. untilD. after13. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked14. Coach, can I continue with the training?Sorry, you cant _you havent recovered from the knee injury.A. until B. before C. as D. unless15. I dont believe weve met before, I must say you do look familiar.A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless16.Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only17 . Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been18. It is hard for Greek government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets more financial support from the European Union.A. if B. unless C. because D. since 19. Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.A. although B. as C. while D. however 20. All the photographs in this book, _ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.A. unless B. until C. once D. if 21. He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.A. as B. if C. unless D. though22. A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.A. when B. where C. before D. until 23 _ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.A. While B. Once C. If D. Until24 . _ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever25. Everything was placed exactly _ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.A. while B. when C. where D. though26. You can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast.A. unless B. if C. in case D. as long as 27 Leave your key with your neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day.A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if 28 . If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay _ you are and wait for help.A. why B. where C. who D. what29 Ones life has value _ one brings value to the life of others.A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that