2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 8 Unit 24 Society 北师大版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 8 Unit 24 Society 北师大版重点识记词汇1.govern vt.统治，管理2.accumulate v.积累3.vacant adj.未住人的，空置的 4e into being形成，存在5.wind sb.up故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑) 6.resign vt.&vi.辞职7.delete vt.删除 8.virtue n.优点，长处9.show off炫耀，夸耀 10.elect vt.选举，推选11.knock into sb.撞上某人 12.cast vt.&n.投下13.turning point转折点 14.undertake vt.着手做，从事15.break into闯入 16.fine n.罚款17.on principle根据原则 18.abolish vt.废除19.consequently adv.所以，因此20.homelessness n.无家可归homeless adj.无家可归的21.voluntary adj.自愿的volunteer n.志愿者22.abundant adj.大量的abundance n.大量；丰盛23.signature n.签名sign v.签(名)24.adjustment n.调整，调节adjust vt.调整，调节25.diverse adj.各种各样的diversity n.多样性；差异26.bare adj.赤祼的barely adv.仅仅；几乎不27.spiritual adj.宗教的，教会的；精神的spirit n.精神28.sentence n.& vt.判决sentence sb.to death判某人死刑29.burden n.重担，负担；vt.(使)担负be burdened with加负担于；使负重担必背经典句式1.As a society，its high time that we took these issues more seriously.作为整个社会来讲，到了我们应该更加认真地考虑这些问题的时候了。2.Id rather you didnt mention that.我宁愿你不提起那件事。3.What if some married people have affairs?要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？4.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on peoples movements.他们派卫兵把守着胡同的入口，这样做使他们容易监视人们的举动。构词记忆decoration /dekreIn/n.U&C装饰；装潢；装饰品description /dIskrIpn/n.C&U描写；形容；叙述destination /destIneIn/n.C目标；目的地；终点devotion /dIvn/n.U献身；忠诚；热心.词汇与派生A语境填词1He will be set free as soon as the fine(罚款) is paid.2Abundant(大量的) rainfall this year means rainfall is enough.3Taking care of his sick brother is a great burden(负担) to him.4He was sentenced(判刑) to all life in prison for his violent behaviour.5Mr. Zhang was elected(选举) as the sixth headmaster last month.6Since he graduated from college，he has been undertaking(从事) experiments and calculations.7The country is governed(统治) by elected representatives of the people.8He accumulated(积累) a fortune through property speculation.9It is also a virtue(优点) to forgive and forget，especially in such a petitive and stressful society.10All three houses are vacant(空的)；shes making no attempt to rent them out.B用所给词的适当形式填空11When she retired，she did a lot of voluntary (volunteer) work for the Red Cross.12The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless (homelessness) boy.13I was forced to sign (signature) the agreement against my will.14Without diversity (diverse)，there can be no world as we know.15Do you know Mr.Li has handed in his resignation (resign)?.短语运用A用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空do away with，show off，be burdened with，contribute to，charge for ，break into, sentence to death，knock into，e into being，wind up16.I dont like him very much.Hes very proud and always tries to show off.17He was found guilty and sentenced to death by poisoning.18She read as she walked，and then knocked into a tree.19The author tells us in Paragraph 1 how two “Irelands” came into being.20Nowadays peasants are no longer burdened with heavy taxation.21Its bad manners to break into an office without knocking at the door.22Your hard work contributed to your great progress in English.23Are you deliberately winding me up?24These ridiculous rules and regulations should have been done away with years ago.25How much do you charge for a double room?B用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空above all，in abundance，in search of，on principle，at risk26.All kinds of flowers grow in abundance in the park.27At such moments，there are those on both sides of this debate who will act on principle.28If they have the virus they are putting patients at risk.29We must work，and above all we must believe in ourselves.30There was an economic boom and thousands of people flocked to the city from the countryside in search of work.经典句式31Its high time that we took measures to fight for a total tobacco ban.到了采取措施为了全面的烟草禁令而战的时候了。32Id rather you posted the letter.我愿意你去寄信。33What if this problem had to be solved in the next half an hour? 在接下来的半小时里，如果这个问题必须解决，你会怎样做？34The Internet makes it easier for people to know about the world.互联网使人们更容易了解世界。1on a voluntary basis在自愿的基础上do voluntary work参加志愿工作volunteer for自愿参加volunteer to do自愿做volunteer as志愿当Morality is moral only when it is voluntary.只有出于自愿时，道德才是道德的。夯实基础(1)语法填空She works there on a voluntary basis.Why do you want to volunteer for our organization?The young man volunteered to stop the drunken men from fighting.(2)定于下个月开始实施的方案是自愿性质的。(翻译句子)The scheme，due to begin next month，will be voluntary.2多词一义abundant，enough，sufficient，adequatebe abundant in富于，很丰富have an abundant supply of有充足的供应abundance n.丰富，大量，多in abundance大量，富裕There is an abundant supply of cheap labour.廉价劳动力供应充足。Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation.高大的植被中有着大量的鸟类。夯实基础(1)Indonesia is abundant in(在方面富有) petroleum deposits.(2)Wild flowers grow in abundance(大量地) on the hillsides.3 burden n.(义务、责任等的)重担，负担(duty；responsibility)；v.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)(give sb.a duty，responsibility，etc.)应试指导非谓语动词句法功能的考查bear/carry/ease/reduce/share a burden承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担burden sb./oneself with sth.加负担于某人或自己be burdened with sth.负重His invalid father is being a burden to him.他父亲体弱多病，对他来说渐渐成了累赘。I dont want to burden you with my problems.我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。夯实基础(1)Too much homework is a burden to students(对学生来讲是一个负担).(2)She was burdened with five children and she had to work day and night.She burdened herself with five children and she had to work day and night.(用burden.with改写句子)Burdened with five children，she had to work day and night.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)4a vacant seat空座a vacant expression茫然的神情In every major city there are more vacant buildings than there are homeless people.各大城市里空置的楼房比无家可归的人都多。The post of chairman has been vacant for some time.主席之位已经空缺一段时间了。夯实基础单句改错Are there any rooms empty in this hotel？emptyvacant5elect sb.as.选举某人担任elect sb.to.选举某人到(职位)win/lose an election在选举中获胜/失败run for election参加竞选She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.她成为第一个被选进参议院的黑人妇女。He was elected as MP for Oxford East.他被选为牛津东区的议员。夯实基础语法填空(1)Those electing (elect) to smoke will be seated at the rear.(2)In America，presidential elections (elect) are held every four years.(3)Besides，in November they may elect him as president.(4)If we all get behind Mr.Smith we can easily elect him to that office.6undertaken./pron.承担undertake to do.着手做，答应做undertake for.为负责Ill leave you to undertake an important mission.我要让你承担一项重要使命。She undertook responsibility for the changes.她承担了这些变革的责任。夯实基础He undertook that he would finish the job by Friday.He undertook to finish the job by Friday.(改为简单句)7serve a sentence服刑a life sentence终身监禁pass sentence on sb.对某人判刑sentence sb.to sth.给某人判刑；宣判某人罪刑The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.这个犯人已服刑期满，明天将释放。The judge sentenced the murderer to death.法官判处那个杀人犯死刑。夯实基础语法填空(1)The judge will pass sentence on him.(2)A military court sentenced him to death in his absence.1e into force(法律)实施，生效e into effect生效e into power当权e into office就职e into use/service开始使用e into the habit of养成的习惯This decision，which aims to make all indoor public places smokefree，will e into effect next year.这个决定旨在使所有的室内公共区域都变成无烟区，从明年开始生效。(广东基础写作)How words came into being is unknown.单词是怎样形成的并不为人所知。夯实基础(1)The new law will e into force/effect(将生效) next month.(2)The big hotel has e into use/service(已经投入使用).(3)Ive e into the habit of (养成的习惯) reading novels in my spare time.2show.out领出去show sb.around/round领某人参观show.in带或领进来(lead/guide.in)show up出席；到场on show在展出Peter is keen to show off his new car.彼得喜欢炫耀他的新车。夯实基础(1)用show off，show up的适当形式填空He promised to e but did not show up in the end.Mary was showing off her engagement ring.(2)请你把参观者领进来，好吗？(翻译句子)Show the visitors in，will you?3fix ones eyes on/upon注视，凝视(stare at)have a good eye for sth.对有鉴赏眼光look sb.in the eye直视(正视)某人have/get ones eye on sb./sth.看中某人/物catch ones eye引起某人的注意；吸引某人的目光Please keep an eye on the baby for me.请替我照看一下婴儿。夯实基础语法填空(1)Could you do me a favor and keep an eye on my luggage?(2)Gail has a good eye for fashion.(3)Can you look me in the eye and tell me youre not lying?(4)Ive got my eye on a nice little sports car that Im saving up for.1 What if some married people have affairs？如果有些已婚人士有婚外情怎么办呢？What if.？“如果将会怎样；即使又有什么关系？”为省略结构，相当于What shall we/I do if.？。what if中what可看作是what should sb.do或what does it matter或what would happen的省略。what if用于提出假设时，其后句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(一般过去时或should动词原形)。What for？为何目的，为何理由？So what？那又怎么样？What/How about.？怎么样？Guess what？你知道吗？Whats up？Whats the matter？怎么了？What if she finds out that you have lost her book?如果她发现你弄丢了她的书，怎么办？What if we fail/failed/should fail?万一我们失败了，怎么办？夯实基础如果下周的数学考试我不及格怎么办？(翻译句子)What if I fail the math exam next week?2The global population at present is about 6 billion with 1 person in every 10 aged 60 or above.现在全球人口大约60亿，每10人就有1人的年龄在60岁或以上。with 1 person in every 10 aged 60 or above为“with复合宾语”作定语。“with复合结构”在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。常见的结构有：(1)with宾语doing(2)with宾语done(3)with宾语adj.(4)with宾语adv.(5)with宾语to do(6)with宾语介词短语He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。She sat still in the chair，with her eyes closed.她一动不动地坐在椅子里，双眼紧闭。夯实基础语法填空(1)With winter ing(e) on，its time to buy warm clothes.(2)With all the things she needed bought (buy)，she went home happily.(3)With nothing to do(do)，Tom sleeps at home.3 单元语法语法填空(1)Its high time that we got/should get (get) down to work.(2)I would rather you came (e) tomorrow.(3)We demanded that we (should) need (need) more time to relax.(4)You ought to have done (do) your work yesterday，but you went out to call on your friends.(5)If I were you，I would go (go) abroad next year.高考题组.短文改错(xx陕西)My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month.It is in the downtown area，but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.We lived in a fortably doubleroom with a big bath.What I liked best were the free highspeed Internet connection in the room.I checked my email messages every day.I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing.The food was wonderful with reasonable prices，and we enjoyed several local dish.It is such great hotel that I would remend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.答案My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we Beijing last month.It is in the downtown area， it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.We lived in a doubleroom with a big bath.What I liked best the free highspeed Internet connection in the room.I checked my email messages every day.I also shared my friends many photos in Beijing.The food was wonderful with reasonable prices，and we enjoyed several local .It is such great hotel that I would remend it to any friend of who is going to Beijing.写作常用句翻译1.我们必须严格自愿地遵守交通规则。(voluntary)(xx江苏书面表达)We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules.2.美丽的月亮挂在夜空中，我们坐在一起吃着月饼和水果，分享着彼此的故事。(with复合结构)(xx辽宁书面表达)With the beautiful moon up in the sky，we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit，sharing our stories.3.学生的负担多年来一直是热门话题，但是父母的担子很少引起关注尤其是子女的。(burden)(2011江苏书面表达)The burden of students has been a hot topic for years，but the load of parents has received little attention，especially from their own children.模拟题组.语法填空1.We would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.2.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following (follow) them.3.When asked (ask) for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.4.Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he did (do) something instead of just talking.5.Tired，Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.6.She got off the bus，burdened (burden) with two heavy suitcases.7.The plane is due to take off at 7：50 from the airport.What if we fail to arrive there in time?Try to take another flight then.8.What is the trouble with you?I dont know.The manager went out of the office，with his eyes fixed (fix) on me.9.You have no idea how she finished the relay race with her foot wounded so much.10.How about your journey to Mount Emei?Everything was wonderful except that our car broke down twice on the way.单句改错1.Burdened such a big family，he had to work hard all day long.Burdened后加上with2.Be honest，which is virtue.is后加上a3.With her elected the mittee，we are more confident.elected后加上to4.I dislike the man，who is thirsty about power.aboutfor5.I dont know when the Roman Empire came to being.tointo6.Dont take any notice of him.He is just showing around.aroundoff7.Nobody gets away insulting me like that.away后加上with8.I would rather that you didnt smoke.去掉that9.Apart good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.Apart后加上from10.You must resign yourselves to wait a bit longer.waitwaiting .写作句式升级训练To my great surprise，he made such great progress.What surprised me most was that he made such great progress.(用what引导的主语从句改写句子).阅读理解Have you paid much attention to your daily elevator ride？Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it.But Lee Gray，PhD，of the University of North Carolina，US，has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport.He is known as the “Elevator Guy”“The lift bees this interesting social space where etiquette(礼仪) is sort of strange，”Gray told the BBC.“They are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.”We walk in and usually turn around to face the door.If someone else es in，we may have to move.And here，according to Gray，lift users unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements.He told the BBC what he had observed.He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift，you can do whatever you wantits your own little box.If there are the two of you，you go into different corners，standing diagonally(对角线地) across from each other to create distance.When a third person enters，you will unconsciously form a triangle.And when there is a fourth person，it bees a square，with someone in every corner.A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle.Newers to the lift will need to size up the situation when the doors slide open and then act directly.Once in，for most people the rule is simplelook down，or look at your phone.Why are we so awkward in lifts?“You dont have enough space，”Professor Babette Renneberg，a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin，told the BBC.“Usually when we meet other people we have about an arms length of distance between us.And thats not possible in most elevators.”In such a small，enclosed space it bees very important to act in a way that cannot be understood as threatening or strange.“The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye contact，”she said.1Why does Lee Gray think that elevators are often very awkward places?ABecause people in lifts are unfriendly with each other.BBecause the space in lifts is limited，which makes peoples etiquette strange.CBecause some people in lifts do something strange to arouse others interest.DBecause its interesting to study peoples unique eye contacts in lifts.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第五、六段“Why are we so awkward in lifts？”和“You dont have enough space.”可知答案为B。2According to the passage，which of the following is WRONG?AWhen the first person es into the lift，he may stand anywhere and face the door.BWhen the second person enters，he may stand in the opposite corner of the first one diagonally.CWhen a third person enters，he will form a triangle deliberately.DWhen the fourth one enters，he will be in a corner of a square.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容可知，he will form a triangle unconsciously，而不是deliberately。3Whats the message behind the fact that most people will look down or look at their phones once in?AThey dont want to make others feel threatening or uneasy.BThey are always busy with their own thinking or businesses.CThey are sometimes too shy to look others in the eye.DThey are told only to mind their own business when in the lifts.答案A解析推理判断题。根据全文尤其是最后一段可知答案为A。4The main purpose of this passage is to .Ainform us of some interesting people in the elevatorsBshare with us the authors interesting but awkward elevator experiencesCanalyze in detail psychological reasons of some strange behaviorsDpresent us with some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette答案D解析写作意图题。作者谈在电梯里的各种情况并加以分析，目的就是告诉读者这些不成文的规矩。.阅读填空Scholarship newsletterWele back！I hope everyone had a great summer and you are looking forward to your senior year.Every month you will receive the scholarship newsletter. 5 Scholarships will be announced in the newsletter and on the bulletin(公告) boards in Guidance and in the cafeteria.You should bring all of your scholarship applications to Guidance to be processed and mailed out.If the scholarship application requires SAT or ACT scores，you are responsible for providing those.If you have any questions about scholarships，see Mrs.Fontaine in Guidance.Meanwhile，here are some helpful tips for pleting scholarship applications： 6 Your time is valuable so dont waste it applying for scholarships you are not qualified for.There will be plenty of scholarships you will be qualified for.Pay attention to directions.Some organizations have very specific rules along with their applications，so make sure your application is pleted to their specifications.Pay attention to deadlines. 7 This means the due date on the application may be different from the due date on the newsletter.Please go by the deadline on the newsletter to ensure your application will go out on time.Keep track of the scholarships you apply for.As you fill out the applications，write the names down and keep it with your scholarship information. 8 Keep copies of your essays. 9 Your essay may be able to be used for more than one application.APay attention to the criteria.BBelieve in yourself and have a try.CNot all scholarships require essays，but some do.DGuidance needs two weeks to process your applications.EIt will inform you of any scholarships we have in Guidance.FThere will be some scholarships at the beginning of the year.GIn the late winter or spring when there are so many applications，it is easy to lose track of which ones you filled out.答案5.E6.A7.D8.G9.C.短文改错I was shocking to know that our local railway line is to be closed at the end of year.The line has served us for many years，and generation of people have used it for journeys to and from work and school.If a line closes，countless students will have to cycle or walk to school，while at present the train takes them there every other 30 minutes.The twicedaily bus service，that covers this route，is not satisfactory.The journey takes much long，and the fare is double it of the train.Finally，the line provides work for many local people，and brings tourists to our town，help our businesses and shops economically.However，I think the line should stay open.答案I was to know that our local railway line is to be closed at the end of year.The line has served us for many years，and of people have used it for journeys to and from work and school.If line closes，countless students will have to cycle or walk to school，while at present the train takes them there every other 30 minutes.The twicedaily bu