2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 真题分类 介词和连词.doc

2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 真题分类 介词和连词【xx新课标全国卷I】34It was a real race _ time to get the project done.Luckily，we made it.Aover BbyCfor Dagainst【解析】本题考查介词的意义。句意：这真是一个需要争分夺秒才能完成的项目。幸运的是，我们圆满地完成了。四个选项中的介词只有D项的against与time构成“against time”才意为“争分夺秒”，其他介词用在此处都不符合句意。故答案选D项。【答案】D【xx新课标全国卷II】11A serious study of physics is impossible _ some knowledge of mathematics.Aagainst BbeforeCbeyond Dwithout【解析】题干的意思是：“_一定的数学知识，认真研究物理是不可能的。”against“靠着；反对”；before“在之前”；beyond“超出”；without“没有”。四个选项中填入without最合适，故选D。【答案】D【xx北京卷】26I have an appointment_Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.Ato Boff Cwith Dfrom【解析】题干的意思是：我跟史密斯博士有个约会，但是我需要改一下。have an appointment with sb.跟某人有约，为固定搭配，故正确答案为C项。掌握固定搭配是解题关键。【答案】C【xx山东卷】34The Smiths are praised _ the way they bring up their children.Afrom BbyCat Dfor【解析】句意：史密斯夫妇因为养育孩子的方式而受到了赞扬。根据固定搭配praise sb.for sth.可知答案为D项。因句中的“are praised.”，学生很容易理解为“被表扬”而误选by。【答案】D【xx浙江卷】14It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner._，Ill set the table.AAs a result BOn the wholeCIn the meanwhile DAs a matter of fact【解析】题干的意思是：“如果你到商店买来我们晚饭所需要的东西，这就算帮大忙了；在此期间，我将摆好餐桌。”as a result结果，因此；on the whole从整体而言；in the meanwhile在此期间，与此同时；as a matter of fact事实上。由题干意思可知正确答案为C项。【答案】C【xx福建卷】29Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always _ whenever she tries to.Ain the way Bon watchCin sight Don the line【解析】首先了解四个选项的汉语意思。in the way表示“挡道，妨碍”；on watch表示“值班；监视”；in sight表示“看得见”；on the line表示“处于危险中”。由题干中的关键信息hard可知此处填in the way“挡道，妨碍”。本题的意思是：“史密斯太太发现她很难收拾这一片狼藉，因为每当她试图收拾时，她的孩子们总是妨碍她。”【答案】A【xx辽宁卷】25_everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.ABy means of BOn behalf ofCIn search of DFor fear of【解析】by means of意为“用，凭借”；on behalf of意为“代表”；in search of意为“寻找”；for fear of意为“担心”。根据后半句句意“我祝愿你回国的旅途愉快”可知答案，即“我代表这里的每个人”。【答案】B【xx江苏卷】26I am always delighted when I receive an email from you._ the party on July 1st，I shall be pleased to attend.AOn account of BIn response toCIn view of DWith regard to【解析】本题中四个选项均为常见的介词短语。on account of因为，由于；in response to对作出回应；in view of考虑到，鉴于；with regard to关于，至于。根据句意“当我收到你的电子邮件时，我总是很高兴。关于7月1日的聚会，我将很乐意参加。”可知，答案为with regard to。【答案】D【xx湖北卷】30An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered_a long lost antique Greek vase.Aat random Bby chanceCin turn Don occasion【解析】at random“随意地”；by chance“偶然”；in turn“轮流，依次”；on occasion“有时，间或”。这里表示坐轮渡的时候“偶然”发现了古董，因此选B项。句意：最近，一名画家坐轮渡到南岛，意外发现了一个失踪很久的古希腊花瓶。【答案】B【xx陕西卷】24The manager wants to see changes in the pany, and I am sure he will_.Ain particular Bin turnCin charge Din time【解析】in particular尤其；in turn轮流；in charge负责；而in time则有“及时；迟早”的意思。从前面的I am sure可知说话者确信经理迟早会看到公司的变化的，所以该题要用in time。题干的意思是：“经理希望看到公司的变化，我确信他迟早会看到的。”【答案】D【xx新课标全国卷I】32Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _ another man，also intelligent，fails.Asince BifCas Dwhile【解析】本题考查从属连词和并列连词的区别。句意：不清楚为什么一个人会有重大发现，而另外一个同样聪明的人却失败了。根据句意断定，该题的空格处需要填入一个并列连词。while具有并列连词的属性，表示“转折和对比”，正好符合句式结构和语意逻辑。故答案选D。其他三个选项都没有这种属性和功能，所以可以排除。【答案】D【xx新课标全国卷II】3I was glad to meet Jenny again，_ I didnt want to spend all day with her.Abut BandCso Dor【解析】题干的意思是：“我很高兴再次见到詹妮，_我不想整天和她待在一起。”根据前半句中的glad与后半句中的didnt want可知前后两句为转折关系，所以选A。【答案】A【xx北京卷】22Dont turn off the puter before closing all programs，_you could have problems.Aor Band Cbut Dso【解析】题干的意思是：在关掉所有的程序之前不要关电脑，要不然你会遇到问题的。or否则，要不然，表示一种否定的条件；and连接表示顺承的并列句；but连接表示转折的并列句；so连接表示因果的并列句。由语境可知正确答案为A项。掌握并列连词的用法以及前后分句的逻辑关系是解题关键。【答案】A【xx重庆卷】23Its not easy to change habits，_with awareness and selfcontrol, it is possible.Afor BorCbut Dso【解析】句意：改变习惯不容易，_有了意识和自制力，它是可能的。分析句子意思我们知道，空格前后的句子存在转折关系。四个选项中，A项表“因为”；B项表“或者”；C项表“但是”；D项表“所以”。因此答案为C。其实后面的句子补充完整应为：it is possible to change habits with awareness and selfcontrol。【答案】C【xx四川卷】4Read this story，_you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.Aor BandCbut Dso【解析】本题四个选项都为常见连词，or否则，and而且，but但是，so因此。题干的意思是：(如果你)读这个故事，你将会意识到并不是一切东西都能用金钱买到。分析句子结构可知，本题为“祈使句and/or陈述句”结构，本句中前面的祈使句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示此条件下的结果，又由句意可知应用连词and。【答案】B【xx浙江卷】6. all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.A. FromB. OfC. ForD. With【考点】介词【答案】B 【解析】 two dogs所属于all animals，故用介词of表示这种关系，如：many of us, 我们其中的许多人，故答案B符合语境。From从；for为了；with有，均不符合语境，故排除。【xx湖北卷】25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place【答案】D【考点】考查介词短语辨析。【解析】句意：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明丽，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。D项意为“与不相称”，符合句意。A项意为“毫无疑问”，B项意为“次序颠倒”，C项意为“看不见”，都与句意不符。【xx江苏卷】29. Thank God youre safe!I stepped back, justto avoid the racing car.A. in timeB. in caseC. in needD. in vain【考点】介词短语【答案】A【解析】in time意为“及时”，in case意为“万一，假使”；in need意为“需要”；in vain意为“徒劳，无济于事”。句意为：谢天谢地，你是安全的！我走回去，正好避免赛车。符合题意。【xx安徽卷】25. You can change your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be life. A. of B. on C. to D. for【答案】D【解析】选择D是正确的，mean在此表示“预定，指定”。The gift is meant for you. 这份礼物是给你的。 He was meant for (to be) an electrician. 本来是准备把他培养成电工的。【xx辽宁卷】27. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake. A. to B. for C. off D. out【考点】介词辨析【答案】C 【解析】off 意思是“离开.,隔着.”，表示与隔着一定的距离。【xx四川卷】14. This training program can give you a lift at work, _ increase your ine by 40%.A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as14.【答案与解析】 A 本题考查介词as构成的短语用法区别。A意为“除之外（还有）；和”；B意为“只要”；C意为“与一样多”（不用于肯定句）；D意为“一就”。此题句意为：这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。根据句意选A。【xx陕西卷】11An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the mittee members are _ it.A . against B. for C .to D. with【答案】A 【考点】考查介词。【解析】所填介词与系动词be构成固定句型，意思是：反对，选A。be for支持，赞成；be to到达；be with和在一起，都与句意不符。【xx北京卷】34. Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?A. at B. on C. to D. across【答案】D【解析】题中表示衬衫在肩膀处太紧，shoulder应该是在一个范围之内，故用across。【2011全国卷II 14】This shop will be closed for repairs _ further notice. A. with B. until C. for D. at【答案】B【考点】考查介词。【解析】句意：在另行通知前，这家店将停止整顿。until further notice表示“在另行通知前”。【2011北京卷 35】With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be take _ color. A. byB. forC. withD. in【答案】D【考点】考查介词的用法。【解析】in color表示“使用彩色”。固定搭配。句意：随着科技的发展，水下沟壑的图片可以做成彩色的。【2011上海卷 25】Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you _ the tough years.A. throughB. upC. withD. from【答案】A【考点】考查介词的用法。【解析】句意：毕业的时候是感谢那些曾经在这艰难的几年中帮助过你的人们的最好时机。【2011湖北卷 30】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor ofD. in praise of【考点】考查介词词组的用法。【答案】C【解析】句意：当在问及对这个学校的校长有什么看法时，很多老师宁愿他闪到一边去支持年轻人。in favor of 支持，in praise of表扬，in terms of就而言，in need of需要。【2011山东卷 30】Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy_ the past couple of weeks.A. beyond B. with C. among D. over【答案】D【考点】固定介词搭配。【解析】通过前半句“Ive been very busy”现在完成时，可知搭配用的时间状语为“在过去的几周里”，固定搭配用介词“over the past couple of weeks=in the past couple of weeks”。句意：很抱歉没给你打电话，可是这几个星期我一直很忙。【2011安徽卷 25】Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek_ food safety problem.A. in B. to C. on D. after【答案】B【考点】考查介词。【解析】句意为：有时不容易找到解决食品安全问题的适宜的办法。此句中主语为answers，意为“解决办法”，作此意时后跟介词to或towards，故选B项。【2011浙江卷 5】I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained _.A. onB. forC. byD. of【答案】B 【考点】考查介词。句意：我经常想做我之前为之受过培训的工作。for表示目的，意为“为了”，符合题意。【解析】【2011四川卷 8】Nick, its good for you to read some books _China before you start your trip there. A. in B. for C. of D. on【答案】D【考点】考查介词。【解析】on 表示关于，some books on China意为“关于中国的一些书”。句意为：“Nick，你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。”故选D。【2011天津卷 11】He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.A. below B. of C. on D. above【答案】D【考点】考查介词。【解析】句意为：他是一个好学生,大多数科目得分高于平均水平。above average高于平均数；below average低于平均数；on average平均起来，一般说来。【2011天津卷 5】_ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless【答案】C【考点】考查连词。【解析】although“尽管”; as “如”; unless “除非”。句意：尽管有规律的运动很重要，但是在睡前运动不是一个好主意。【2011重庆卷 24】Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read _ the library.A. in B. for C. by D. from【答案】D【考点】考查介词。【解析】句意为“Shirley，一个读书爱好者，经常从图书馆带些书回家去读”。【2011江苏卷 32】Wed better discuss everything _before we work out the plan.A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time【答案】A【考点】考查副词短语辨析。【解析】句意：在我们制定计划之前，我们最好详细地讨论每件事。In detail详细地；in general通常，大体上；on purpose故意地；on time准时，按时。【2011全国卷I 30】The form cannot be signed by anyone _ yourself. A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. better than【答案】B【考点】考查连词用法【解析】【2011全国卷I 22】Try_ she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.A. if B. when C. sine D. as【答案】D【考点】本题考查连词。【解析】题目前半句说，她试过；后半句说Sue不能打开门，明显前后两句意思相反。As表示虽然，尽管。【2011浙江卷 6】The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose Ill just have to _it.A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye onD. catch up with【答案】A 【考点】考查短语用法【解析】【2011福建卷 22】_ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished.A. Far from B. Apart from CInstead of DRegardless of【答案】B【考点】考查介词短语。【解析】除了优质的服务外，这个饭店提供了不同种类的传统的福建菜。apart from表“除以外”，符合语意。far from“远离，远非”；instead of“代替，而不是”；regardless of“不管，不顾”。【2011安徽卷 24】To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, _, honest.A. therefore B. above all C. however D. after【答案】B【考点】考查连词用法【解析】【2011全国卷I 25】Someone wants you on the phone. _nobody knows I am here.A. AlthoughB. And C. But D. So【答案】C【考点】考查连词用法。【解析】前半句为：有人给你打电话；后半句为：没有人知道我在这儿，根据句子意思可知前后两句明显为转折关系，因此选C。【2011山东卷 23】Find ways to praise your children often, _ youll find they will open their hearts to you.A. tillB. orC. andD. but【答案】C【考点】考查并列连词用法。【解析】分析前后分句逻辑关系，是条件或假设关系，而且“祈使句+and/or/otherwise”固定句型，所以选C.【2011辽宁卷 31】Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyll soon open. A. or B. and C. but D. for【答案】B【考点】考查连词用法。【解析】祈使句+and/or+简单句为固定句型。根据题意，应为顺承关系。【2011江西卷27】 The hause was too expensive and too big. _, Id grown fond of our little rented house.A.Besides B.Therefore C.Somehow D.Otherwise【答案】A【考点】考查连词用法【解析】句意：这个房子太贵太大。我已经对我的小的租用房越来越感兴趣了。根据前后句判断出为并列关系。besides 此外，表并列，therefore 因此，表因果，somehow 无论如何，表转折，otherwise 除此之外，表转折。