2019年高考英语试题汇编（10月 上）O单元 湖南（含解析）.doc

2019年高考英语试题汇编（10月 上）O单元 湖南（含解析）O单元湖南1O1完形填空1O2完型填空II1O3阅读填空1O4阅读简答4O1完形填空O2完型填空IIO3阅读填空【英语卷（解析）xx届湖南省岳阳一中高三10月第二次月考（xx10）】Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Every person needs energy to go about the day and continue to function correctly. To get this energy, you eat, and your body changes the food into the nutrients and energy you need to survive. Your metabolism (新陈代谢) is directly related to how quickly and efficiently your body creates this energy, and if it takes too long, the food gets stored as fat. A slow metabolism will leave you with less energy and more weight than you probably desire.Your basal metabolic rate (基础代谢率) is the amount of energy your body consumes while youre resting. When people say they have a slow metabolism, they mean they have a slow basal metabolic rate. Increasing this number is possible through exercise and muscle building.According to Metabolism-Advice. , as your age, your basal metabolic rate will lower as your body begins to deteriorate (衰退). At the age of 30, your body will stop producing the high levels of growth hormone it previously produces. Your body senses that its done growing at 30, so it uses the resources elsewhere. Unfortunately, that means that your muscle will deteriorate more rapidly than before. While you cant block ages effects or your metabolism, you can fight against it with regular exercise that builds muscle.Although muscle deteriorates quicker with age, a lack of exercise will hurt your metabolism at any age. The muscle developed during exercise is vital to maintaining a healthy body with a normal basal metabolic rate. Therefore, while cardiovascular(心血管的)exercise will burn fat during the work out, building muscle will wisely allow your body to use more calories to give you healthy energy instead of stored fat.Another large factor that determines your basal metabolic rate is your eating habits. Metabolism-Advice. suggests eating small meals every two to three hours. This will make sure that your metabolism is constantly working throughout your day. Another large factor is how healthily you eat. Taking in the required calories for your amount of daily activity will help keep your metabolism from lowering, but taking in too many calories may lead to fat.Title: About slow metabolismI . Definitionsmetabolismhow quickly and efficiently your body creates the energy for it to function correctlybasal metabolic ratethe amount of 71. by your body when youre restingslow metabolism-slow basal metabolic rateII. 72. of slow metabolismgiving a person less energygetting a person to 73._III. 74. of slow metabolismdeterioration of your body 75. exerciseunhealthy 76. unhealthy dietIV. 77. to slow metabolism78._ to build muscleeating more often but 79. _80._ your body requires for the daily activities【答案】【知识点】O3阅读填空【技巧点拨】本题和下面一道题从阅读角度来看难度不大，主要考查的是学生对语言的运用能力，尤其是总结和提炼语言的能力；这就要求学生们平时多用自己的语言回答问题；多概括文章或段落；多记忆一些典型词语，如：Effects ，Results，Causes，Solutions等【文章综述】本文讲述的是保持正常新陈代谢很重要，随着年龄的增长和身体机能的下降如何保持身体健康；文中讲述了有规律的锻炼及健康的饮食习惯对保持正常新陈代谢的作用。【答案解析】71.energy 文中有原句72.Effects或Results，根据下文中的要点，此处让总结slow metabolism的影响或结果73.put on weight或gain weight这是slow metabolism的影响之一74.Causes 下文中的三点都在说明导致slow metabolism的原因75.for lack of文中有a lack of exercise76. eating habits77.Solutions从下文中的三点可以判断此处讲解决的办法。78. exercising regularly文中fight against it with regular exercise79. small meals文中提到要少吃多餐80.obsoring the energy文中有Taking in the required calories【英语卷（解析）xx届湖南省衡阳八中高三上学期第二次月考（xx09）】Section A （10 points）Directions: Read the following passage. plete the diagram / Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answerThe United Nations estimates that world food production will have to increase by 70% by 2050. A world population growing in number and wealth will require one billion tons more grain each year, and two hundred million tons more meat.The Food and Agriculture Organization says those gains will have to happen largely on existing land. However, according to a new report which provides the first global assessment of the state of the planets land resources”, large parts of all continents are experiencing damage. One-fourth of all land is described as highly degraded(退化) . The greatest threats are losses of soil quality, biodiversity and water resources. Therefore, production rates have been slowing in many areas. Though new agricultural methods and technology are used to increase food production in many countries, yet they have also harmed the land and water. Thus, it calls for greater use of ways that can expand production while avoiding damage to ecosystems.One such practice might be the use of fertilizer trees. These are fast-growing trees and shrubs（矮树丛） whose leaves and roots help make soil richer. Oluyede Ajayi, the leader author of the study, said Basically these are trees that can fix nitrogen(氮) from the atmosphere and change them into nitrates（硝酸盐） for fertilizer, for organic fertilizer, for the soil.The farmers who planted fertilizer trees reported double the corn production of other farmers. In Zambia, the fertilized fields provided up to 114 additional days of food. Farmers say they need less rainwater if they use fertilizer trees. The trees reduce water runoff and soil erosion. A recent study found that about 400,000 farmers in southern Africa are using them. The farmers themselves designed and managed part of the testing in the field, and spread the word of their successes.Fertilizer trees can be used to increase food productionProblems World population growth 71 the increase of world food production Large parts of global land 72 by losses of soil quality and water resources, slowing production rates New agricultural technology is 73 to land and water 74 Growing fertilizer trees to expand food production without 75 . 76 of fertilizer trees Having leaves and roots 77 soil 78 into nitrates for the soil 79 and loss of soilGood resultFarmers using fertilizer trees can produce 80 as much corn as other farmers.【答案】【知识点】O3阅读填空【答案解析】71. requires/ will require 第一段第二句A world population growing in number and wealth will require one billion tons more grain each year,72. are threatened 根据第二段第四句The greatest threats are losses of soil quality, biodiversity and water resources. 关键词为threats（威胁，恐吓），结合本题，这里需要用动词threaten的动词，由于体重出现by,要用一般现在时的被动语态。be+动词的过去分词.73. harmful 根据第二段倒数第二句yet they have also harmed the land and water.关键词harm,这里需要的是它的形容词harmful。74.Solution 根据表格左侧内容，上面讲问题，这里是解决问题的方法。75. damaging ecosystems /damage to ecosystem 根据第二段最后一句关键词damage to ecosystems. 76. Advantages 根据表格右侧的内容，这里讲的是肥料树的优点。77. enrich 根据第三段第二句These are fast-growing trees and shrubs（矮树丛） whose leaves and roots help make soil richer.关键词rich,这里需要它的动词enrich.78. Changing nitrogen 根据第四段nitrogen(氮) from the atmosphere and change them into nitrates（硝酸盐） for fertilizer, for organic fertilizer, for the soil.抓住关键的词change和nitrogen,此处需要和上面保持一致，都用动名词短语。79. Reducing water runoff 根据倒数第二段The trees reduce water runoff and soil erosion. 关键词reduce water runoff,，和78结构保持一致，都用动名词短语。 80. twice 倒数第二段第一句关键词double 两倍，表倍数要用序数词，故用twice。O4阅读简答【英语卷（解析）xx届湖南省岳阳一中高三10月第二次月考（xx10）】Directions: Read the following passage, and answer the questions according to the information given in the passage. Elephants and people are in petition for space. In much of Africa, elephants are now put in national parks. Elephants suffered a serious and steady decrease in number in the 1970s.This was the same time when scientists were beginning to learn a great deal about elephants and their behavior. Studies through the 1980s and into the 1990s showed a lot about their sounds and methods of munication.In Kenya alone, in the 1970s and 1980s, the elephant population decreased from 170,000 t0 25,000. The sharp drop in number was the result of poachers (偷猎者) illegally killing elephants for their ivory. The price of ivory went up from $ 3 a pound to $ 50 to $ 100 a pound. Africa became very attractive to poachers. Bull elephants carried larger tusks (象牙) , so they were more often killed. With males gone and older females killed by poachers as well, there were many young elephants unable to benefit from the wisdom of the older females and matriarchs, who lead the herds.Kenya took a stand that international trade in ivory was officially forbidden, and $ 3, 000,000 worth of confiscated (没收的) ivory was burned in Kenya. The following year, only 50 elephants were lost to poachers in Kenya instead of 3,000. But Kenya has the fastest growing human population in the world. People throughout Africa wont tolerate elephants eating their crops and destroying their livelihoods. In South Africa, elephants live behind the fences of national parks. In some parts of Africa, big-game hunters pay a lot of money to hunt elephants. This keeps their numbers down, and the money goes toward conservation. In Kenya, there are some attempts at birth control to keep the elephant population in manageable numbers to reduce conflicts with people.Faced with a growing human population, elephants are losing the battle for space. Its unlikely, though, that they will bee extinct(绝种的). They will live in natural parks that bring tourists to Africa as well as India and other parts of Asia. The money from tourism will help elephants to survive.81. Whats the reason for elephant population decrease? ( No more than 8 words)82. Why were bull elephants at higher risk of being killed? (No more than 6 words) 83. How can we reduce conflicts with elephants? (No more than 9 words) 84.Why is it not likely that elephants will bee extinct? (no more than 15 words)【答案】【知识点】O4阅读简答【文章综述】本文讲述的是大象数目减少的原因及如何避免大象与人类的冲突，同时避免大象灭绝。【答案解析】81.Poachers illegally killed elephants for their ivory。或Poachers illegally killed elephants for their ivory。文中有The sharp drop in number was the result of poachers (偷猎者) illegally killing elephants for their ivory.可知82.Because they had large ivory。文中有Bull elephants carried larger tusks (象牙) , so they were more often killed.可知83.By keeping the elephant population in manageable numbers.根据文章倒数第二段最后一句84.Because they will live in natural parks whose money from tourism will help them survive.根据文章最后一段【英语卷（解析）xx届湖南省衡阳八中高三上学期第二次月考（xx09）】Section B （10 points） Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Marti Sementelli has been a baseball player since preschool, throwing plastic balls and swinging a tiny wood bat from the time she was 3 years old. She was a solid player at every youth level, and sometimes a star. In xx, Nike even featured the young Californian in a TV mercial. Despite her experience, Sementelli, now 16, had a hard time finding a high school that would allow her to try out for the boys baseball team. Two parochial schools (教会学校) near her familys home in North Hollywood said no, and several public schools were lukewarm (冷淡的) to the idea. Finally, she found Burbank High School, where shes now a sophomore and a member of the JV baseball team. Sementellis story is not unique. Across the country, girls devoted to baseball-and with as many seasons of youth ball under their belts as their male teammates-are finding it isnt easy to stay in the sport when they reach high school. Biology does play a role in the situation: Boys, especially older ones, often have an edge over girls in size and strength, allowing them to throw harder and swing with greater force. But girls say that the toughest battles are not about capabilities, but against the traditional attitude that baseball is for boys. “Most people just are incapable of seeing beyond whats easy,” says Jennifer Ring, the author of Stolen Bases: Why American Girls Dont Play Baseball, and a professor at the University of Nevada-Reno. “It is much neater if we say boys play baseball and girls play other sports.” In at least one state, Massachusetts, girls are barred from trying out for boys baseball in high schools that also offer softball. Nebraska dropped its ban last year, and in January, Indiana removed its ban after being sued (控告) by the parents of Logan Young, a 15-year-old aspiring catcher and freshman at Bloomington South High School. 81. When did Sementelli begin to play baseball? (no more than 6 words) 82. Where did Sementelli stay in a baseball team? (no more than 6 words) 83. What does the author think about girls capabilities in baseball? (no more than 10 words) 84. In which states are girls allowed to play baseball? (no more than 4 words)_【答案】【知识点】O4阅读简答【文章综述】文章讲述女孩Sementelli在上高中前是一位非常棒的棒球运动员，参加过很多比赛。为了找到一所允许她继续参加棒球队的高中却遭到一些教会学校和公立学校的拒绝。通过Sementelli的事情展开对高中女孩是否应该参加棒球比赛讨论。【答案解析】81. When she was three. 根据第一段from the time she was 3 years old.根据句子字数要求缩句，from the time改成when ,years old省略。82. In Burbank high school. 根据第三段最后一句she found Burbank High School, where shes now a sophomore and a member of the JV baseball team.关键词Burbank High School，问的是where,给关键词前加in，In Burbank high school（注意，句子开头第一个单词首字母大写）83. They are not as strong and powerful as boys.根据第五段Boys, especially older ones, often have an edge over girls in size and strength, 男孩，特别是大男孩，他们比女孩身体强壮、力气大。改成相同意思的句子。女孩没有男孩强壮有力。They are not as strong and powerful as boys84. Nebraska and Indiana.根据最后一段Nebraska dropped its ban last year, and in January, Indiana removed its ban 可知，Nebraska and Indiana。