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Unit8Adventure,Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse,manypeoplehavelookedforadventuretheyhaveclimbedthehighestmountains,travelledinunknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewhohuntforimmediateexcitementfromadangerousactivity,whichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.,Iwouldconsiderbungeejumpingtobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity.Youjumpfromahighplace(perhapsabridgeorahot-airballoon)200metresabovethegroundwithanelasticropetiedtoyourankles.Youfallatupto150kilometresanhouruntiltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground.Itissaidthat2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayareasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromtallbuildingsanddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighmountains.,Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somescientistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeanduninteresting.Notverylongago,peoplesliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood.Iftheywerebadlyill,itwasnoteasyforthemtogetwellagain.Infact,lifewasacontinuousbattleforlivingandexisting.Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkinsafeconditions,theybuyfoodinshops,andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.单词注释elastic/IlstIk/adj.弹性的risky/rIskI/adj.危险的;冒险的,难句剖析Now,however,therearepeoplewhohuntforimmediateexcitementfromadangerousactivity,whichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.译文然而,现在有人追求从危险活动中获得的刺激,而这样的活动也许就持续几分钟甚或几秒钟。剖析这是一个复杂句式,包含两个定语从句,其中whohuntforimmediateexcitement.为限制性定语从句,修饰名词people;whichmayonlylast.为非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的先行词activity,在该从句中的last为动词,表示“持续,延续”。,导读诱思1.Whydopeopletakepartindangeroussportssuchasbungeejumping?答案:Becausepeoplewanttogetimmediateexcitementfromtheseriskysports.2.Whatactivitiesareasdangerousasbungeejumping?答案:Activitiessuchasjumpingfromtallbuildingsanddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighmountainsareasdangerousasbungeejumping.,Warm-upand后的分句包含when引导的时间状语从句。考点takeoff起飞Shecutitfinewhenshegottotheairportonlyfiveminutesbeforetheplanetookoff.她把时间算得太紧了,在飞机起飞前五分钟才赶到机场。Onacleardaywecandistinguishthelettersontheairlinesastheytakeoff.在晴朗的日子,飞机起飞时,我们可以辨别机体上的字母。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,考点延伸(1)阅读下面的句子,体会takeoff的含义。Hetookoffatonceandheadedforthehotel.他立刻走开,向旅馆走去。含义:匆匆离去;走开Theytookofftheirhatstoshowtheirrespectforthevolunteers.他们向这些志愿者们脱帽致敬。含义:脱下;摘掉(帽子)Shetooktwodaysoff(work).她请了两天假。含义:休假;请假,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,(2)与take相关的其他常见短语:,Inhiseasy-goingcharacter,Tomseemstotakeafterhisfather.汤姆随和的性格看起来像他的父亲。Pleasetakeawayallthethingsyoudonotneedanymore.请把所有你不再需要的东西拿走。Hewentatapaceslowenoughforthelistenerstotakedownalotofwhathesaid.他讲的速度慢得足以让听众记下他讲的许多话。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,Ifyouregivingatalkorpresentation,pauseattheendofphrasesandsentencestohelpyouraudiencetakeinwhatyouvesaid.如果你正在作报告或演说,那么就请在短语或句子结束之后稍事停顿,以便让听众理解你所讲的内容。Icanttakeonanyextrawork.我不能承担任何额外的工作。HaveyoumadeupyourmindtotakeupteachingEnglishasacareer?你下定决心要从事英语教学工作了吗?,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,2.Yes,butIthinkthattravellingaroundforweekswouldbequitetiring.是的,但我想四处旅行数个星期会很疲乏。剖析Yes起承接上文的作用,but表示转折。that引导宾语从句,宾语从句的主语是动词-ing短语travellingaroundforweeks。考点tiringadj.令人疲劳的Aftermanytiringbook-signingtoursfromcitytocity,Atwoodthoughttheremustbeabetterwaytodothem.在很多次令人疲惫的签名售书活动以后,阿特伍德认为必须找一个更好的方法来做这些事情。Travellinglongdistancesbytraincanbetiring.坐火车长途旅行可能很累人。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,考点延伸(1)阅读下面的句子,体会tired的含义。Thereisnopointinstudyingwhenyouaretired.在疲倦的时候学习是没有意义的。含义:疲倦的;困乏的Imtiredofhismakingsomuchnoiseatallhoursoftheday.我对他一天到晚制造噪音感到很厌烦。含义:厌烦的(2)近义词:tiresomeadj.令人厌倦的,讨厌的,烦人的Thechildrenwerebeingrathertiresomethen.孩子们那时很讨人厌。归纳tiring表示“使人感到厌倦的”,侧重使人疲劳、筋疲力尽;tired说明某人对某事的感受,作“感觉厌倦的,感到疲乏的”讲;tiresome表示“使人厌倦的”,带有使人恼怒的意思。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,3.Hikingtripscanbeuncomfortableandevendangerous.徒步旅行可能很不舒适,甚至有危险。考点uncomfortableadj.不自在的,不舒服的Butlikeanill-fittingcoat,itmademeuncomfortable.但是就像一件不合身的大衣,它让我觉得不舒服。Ifeeluncomfortablewithstrangers.我和陌生人在一起会感到不自在。【高考典句】(2017全国高考)Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.在我眼里,露营者就是那些喜欢被蚊虫叮咬、吃做得难吃的饭、睡不舒服的睡袋的人。归纳uncomfortable既可以用于表示人的感受,也可以用于形容物的特征。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,考点延伸反义词:comfortableadj.舒服的,舒适的Welikesittingonthesofaandarmchairbecausetheyreverycomfortable.我们喜欢坐在沙发和扶椅上,因为那样非常舒服。Inmoderntimes,peoplehavetolearntodealwithallkindsofpressurealthoughtheyareleadingacomfortablelife.在现代社会,尽管人们过着舒适的生活,他们还得学会应对各种各样的压力。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,4.Theyknowallthebestroutesandbestplacestocamp.他们知道所有的最佳路线和野营的最佳场所。考点routen.路线,路程Theclimberstriedtofindanewroutetothetopofthemountain.攀登者试图找出一条通往山顶的新路线。Thehouseisnotonabusroute.这房子不在公交线路上。Wewerentsureaboutwhichrouteweshouldtake/follow.我们不知道该走哪条路。归纳route可与介词to连用,表示“通往的路线/道路”;与介词on连用,表示“在线/路上”;表示“走路”时,与动词take或follow连用。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,考点延伸辨析route和course:Wedrovehomebyaroundaboutroute.我们开车绕道回的家。Thecourseoftheshipwasduenorth.这条船的航行方向是正北。归纳route指有计划、固定下来的或有规律的旅行路线;course指运动物体,如河流或卫星所占据的路线或通道、轨道。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,5.Andourporterscarryyourluggage,whichmeansthatyoucansimplyenjoytheexperience.有搬运工为你搬运行李,这意味着你能尽情享受旅行。剖析which引导非限制性定语从句,which指代前面的整个主句的内容;从句中的that引导宾语从句。Inthepresenceofsomanypeoplehewasalittlenervous,whichwasunderstandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。Whenhewasdeeplyabsorbedinwork,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.他经常聚精会神地工作,这时他会废寝忘食。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,考点延伸which引导非限制性定语从句时,还可以指代主句中的某个从句。Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.他说以前从没见过她,这不是真的。考点luggagen.行李Theconductorwillremindthepassengersnottoleavetheirluggagebehindwhentheygetoffthetrain.列车员会提醒旅客们下火车时不要把自己的行李遗留在车上。Passengersarepermittedtocarryonlyapieceofhandluggageontotheplane.只允许乘客带一件手提行李登机。归纳luggage是不可数名词,一般借助单位词piece来表示数量,如apieceofluggage(一件行李)。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,6.Howdothetouristsdifferfromlocalpeople?旅行者与当地人有什么不同?考点differvi.不同于,有区别Humansdifferfromanimalsbecauseoftheirabilitytospeakandusetools.人类和其他动物不同,是因为人类会说话、会使用工具。Theydifferwidelyintheiropinions.他们的意见分歧很大。归纳differ与介词from连用,表示“与不同”;与介词in连用,表示“在方面不同”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,7.Fromthatmomenttheystartedtofeelanxiousandtheysleptbadlythatnight.从那时起,他们开始感到焦虑,那天晚上也没有睡好。考点anxiousadj.忧虑的,担心的Youmusthavehadananxiousday.你一定度过了焦虑不安的一天。Parentsarenaturallyanxiousfortheirchildren.父母自然为儿女担心。Shewasbothgladandanxiousatthenews.听到这个消息她既高兴又担心。Dadisaheavysmoker.Weareanxiousabouthishealthandaskhimtogiveupsmoking.父亲抽烟抽得很厉害。我们都担心他的健康并劝他戒烟。归纳anxious可用作定语或表语。用作表语时,其后多接for、at或about引起的短语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,考点延伸(1)anxious表示“急切的,渴望的”。Wewereallanxiousfortheresults.我们都急于知道结果。Heseemedmostanxioustospeaktomealone.他看起来很想和我单独说话。Whywasshesoanxiousforustostay?她为什么那么急切地想要我们留下来?Bothsideswereanxiousthattheagreementshouldbesignedasquicklyaspossible.双方都渴望能尽快签署协议。归纳anxious也可接for引起的短语,表示“急切/渴望得到某物”;还可接不定式或forsb.todosth.结构以及that引导的从句等。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,(2)阅读下面的句子,体会黑体词的词性和含义。Shewaitedanxiouslybythephone.她在电话机旁焦急地等待着。词性:副词含义:焦虑地;渴望地Wewaitedfornewswithagrowingsenseofanxiety.我们等待着消息,越来越焦急。词性:名词含义:忧虑,担心,焦虑,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8.语法:延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词也可以称为“状态动词”;相对应的,非延续性动词就是指“动作动词”。分清楚这两种动词,可以帮助我们更好地理解句子的时态,而且减少和避免英语使用中时态方面的错误。看下面的句子:(1)Heenteredtheroomandsatdowninachair.他进了屋子,在一把椅子上坐下来。(2)Heissittinginthechairandreadinganewspaper.他正坐在椅子上读着报纸。第一个句子中,enter和sit都是不可延续的动作,不能用于进行时态。而第二句中的sit和read则均是延续性动词,可以使用进行时态,表示这个动作正在发生。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,再来看两个句子:(3)IhavemadeadecisiontogotocollegeafterIgraduatefromhighschool.我已经做出了决定,中学毕业之后要上大学。(4)Hehasbeenthinkingaboutwhattodowhenheleavesschool.他一直在思考离开学校之后该做什么。第三句中的makeadecision是一个不可延续的动词短语,可以用完成时态,表示动作对现在的影响,但不可以用完成进行时。第四句中的thinkabout是延续性动作,所以可以用现在完成进行时表示某人从过去某个时间开始一直在做某事。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,
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