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Module6WarandPeace,虚拟语气(2),虚拟语气表示说话人所说的不是事实,而是想象,假设,建议,打算,意见,间接命令,愿望,怀疑,推测,惊异等。,虚拟语气在条件从句及主句中的使用：1)Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringthedaytime,therewouldhavebeenmoredeaths.如果飓风发生在白天，那么死亡的人数会更多。,2)Ifeveryoneinthecountryknewfirstaid,manyliveswouldbesaved.如果这个国家的每个人都懂得急救,那么许多生命就可以得到挽救。3)IfIsawhimtomorrow,Ishouldtellhim.如果我明天看到他,我会告诉他的。,条件状语从句中虚拟语气的构成,1)与过去事实相反：从句haddone,主句would/should/could/might/+havedonee.g.如果有人提醒他,他就不会吃那些食物了。Ifhehadbeenwarned,hewouldnothavetakenthatfood.,2)与现在事实相反：从句did/were,主句would/should/could/might+doe.g.如果我是你,我就拒绝做这件事。IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusetodoit.,从句,a.didb.should+do,c.wereto+do,主句would/should/could/might+do,3)与将来事实相反：,e.g.如果我去做这件事,我将会用一种不同的方法IfIdidit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.IfIshoulddoit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.,虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词:suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即should+do或者只用动词原形do),来表示愿望,建议,命令,请求等。,e.g.Thedoctorinsistedthatthepatient(should)beX-rayed.医生坚决主张病人做X光。Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.我建议我们应该立即出发。,wish+宾语从句(虚拟语气),表示不可能实现的愿望,1)与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成式：haddone2)与现在事实相反,从句用过去式：did/were3)与将来事实相反,从句用should/would/could/might+do,e.g.我真希望我从来没遇到过他。IwishIhadnevermethim.我真希望像你一样强壮。IwishIwereasstrongasyou.但愿你这次获得成功。Iwishyouwouldsucceedthistime.,asif引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气,1)当从句里的时间先于主句的时间时,从句用过去完成时haddone.e.g.Hetalksasifhehadbeentothemoon.他高谈阔论就好像去过月球一样。,2)当从句里的时间与主句的时间是同一时间时,从句用过去式did/were.e.g.HetalkedasifhewereNapoleon.他说话的时候就好像他是拿破伦一样。3)当从句里的时间后于主句的时间时,从句用woulddo.e.g.Hetalkedasifhewouldgotothemoon.他高谈阔论就好像要去月球一样。,wouldrather后接从句,也可用虚拟语气,1)叙述现在或将来的事情,从句谓语动词用过去式。如:Iwouldratheryoustayedhere.我宁愿你待在这。Iwouldratherhecametomorrow.我宁愿他明天回来。2)叙述过去的事情,表达实际上并未发生愿望时,从句用过去完成时。如:Iwouldratherhehadcomeyesterday.我宁愿他昨天回来。,Itistimethat虚拟形式,Itis(high/about)timethat+从句(过去式)e.g.Itishightimethatyoucaughtthebus.是时候你刚好赶上公共汽车。Itishightimethatwetookactionstokeeppeaceinthewholeworld.是时候我们该采取行动维护世界和平了。,1.Butfortheirhelp,we_theprogramintime.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinishedD.couldnothavefinished,练习坊,2.IfI_plantodoanythingIwantedto,IdliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.wouldB.couldC.hadtoD.oughtto,3.Theideaisthatthenation_anunmannedspacecrafttoexploretheplanetfirst.A.sentB.sendsC.sendD.mustsend,4.Itshightimeyou_.A.starttoworkB.wouldstarttoworkC.startedtoworkD.hadstartedtowork,5.Werequiredthatthemachineparts_castiron.A.ismadeofB.bemadefromC.bemadeofD.ismadeby,6.Themanagementurgedthatthecostofproduction_.A.tobefurtherreducedB.wasfurtherreducedC.befurtherreducedD.shouldfurtherreduced,7.“Shewouldntdrinkhermedicinelastnight,wouldshe?”“_.”A.No,butIwishshewouldntB.No,butIwishshehadC.Yes,IwishshedrankD.yes,Iwishshecould,8.“Yourperformancewasverygood.”“IcouldhavedonebetterifI_moretime.”A.havehadB.hadC.hadhadD.willhavehad,9.Itisstrangethatsuchathing_inyourschool.A.willhappenB.happensC.shouldhappenD.happened,10.DrBethuneworkedhardasifhe_.A.neverhadfelttiredB.hadneverfelttiredC.neverfelttiredD.wastirednever,Listening,Workinpairs.Readthepassageandanswerthequestions:WhenandhowdidtheBlitzstart?At4p.m.on7September1940,348GermanwarplanesbegantodropbombsonLondon.,HowlongdidtheBlitzlast?Twohours.Howmanypeoplewerekilledintheworstsingleincident?450Howdidpeoplegetintotheundergroundstations?Bybreakingthechainsonthedoors.,2.Completethesentenceswiththeverbsinthepastsimple.,1.Irememberthatthehouse_duringthebombing.2.Theplanes_verylow.3.Alotofbombs_onthedocks.,breakfallfeelflyshakethink,shook,flew,fell,4.Alotofpeople_theundergroundwouldbethesafestplace.5.They_thechainsonthedoors.6.You_muchsaferintheunderground.,thought,broke,felt,3.ListentoAliceandHenryPorter,wholivedinLondonduringtheBlitz,andanswerthequestions.,HowoldwereAliceandHenrywhenthebombingcampaignstarted?Alicewas7andHenrywas12.,2)WherewasAlicewhenshesawthebombingforthefirsttime?Inherbedroom.3)WhatdidHenryandhisbrotherdo?Theywentoutintothestreettowatchtheplanes.,4)WherewasAlicewhenabombfellonherstreet?Intheunderground.5)WhowasHenrywithonthenightheremembersbest?Hisfather.,4.Completethesentenceswiththewordsbelow.,Irememberthatthehouseshook,andIlookedthroughmybedroom_.Irememberseeing_inthedistance.,annoyedcountingexcitedfiresshoutingsoundsupposedwindow,window,fires,Ialsorememberthatmyparentswerevery_withme.ThefirstthingIrememberwasthe_oftheplanes.Ialsorememberfeelingvery_.IfIrememberrightly,wewerent_todothat.,annoyed,sound,excited,supposed,Icanrememberthefiremen_toeachother.Iremember_thetimebetweentheraidsonenight.,shouting,counting,1.,450peoplewerekilledwhenabombdestroyedaschoolthatwasanairraidshelter.【考点】airraidshelter意为“防空洞”。shelter此处用作名词，意为“遮蔽物，避难所”；shelter还可用作动词，意为“保护，掩蔽，躲避”。,Languagepoints,【考例】Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywantto_theirkidsfromeverykindofdanger,realorimagined.A.spotB.dismissC.shelterD.distinguish【点拨】选C。根据第一句“Someparentsarejusttooprotective”可知下一句要说“父母们想保护孩子们不受到任何危害”。sheltersb.fromsth.保护某人免受,符合题意。spot看出,发现,注意到;dismiss开除,使解散;distinguish区别，均不符合题意。,
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