2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 5 Unit 15 Learning 北师大版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 5 Unit 15 Learning 北师大版重点识记词汇1.correction n.改正，改进2.frankly speaking坦率地说3.simplify vt.简化 4.lay off裁员；解雇5.chief adj.最高级别的 6.instruct v.指导，教导7.distinguish vt.区别，辨别 8.reputation n.名誉，名声9.slight adj.少量的；微小的 10.obey vt.服从，听从11.outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的 12.to a certain extent在某种程度上13.misunderstand v.误解 14.pour vt.倒，灌15.set off引发；使爆炸；出发 16.lack vt.&n.缺乏，没有17.access n.(使用或见到的)机会，权利 18.worthwhile adj.值得努力的19.acquire vt.获得，得到 20.be accustomed to习惯于21.worthy adj.值得的 22.tend to往往会，倾向于23.urge vt.力劝，强烈要求 24.vital adj.极其重要的25.inspire v.鼓舞；启发 26.conventional adj.传统的，保守的27.adapt vt.(使)适应adapt to适应 28.as a whole总的来说29.reflect vt.反射；反映reflection n.映像 30.select vt.挑选selection n.挑选31.defence n.保卫，保护defend v.保卫 32.ignore vt.忽视，不顾ignorance n.忽视33.approve v.赞成；认可；满意approve of赞成，赞许 34.secure adj.安全的；稳当的35.aside adv.在一边，向一边aside from除之外36.assume vt.假定，假设assumption n.假定37.punishment n.惩罚，处罚punish vt.惩罚，处罚38.beneficial adj.有用的，有益的benefit v.对有益；受益39.appreciation n.欣赏appreciate vt.感激；欣赏40.alternative adj.非传统的；另类的；必选其一的；n.替代品，可供选择物41.blank n.空白；空虚；空白表格；adj.空白的；空虚的；单调的go blank变为空白42.suspect v.怀疑；n.嫌疑犯suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的；不信任的suspicion n.怀疑，猜疑必背经典句式1.In the past，if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam，he would have had no chance of getting a degree.在过去，如果像我这样未能通过大学考试上大学，那么他就没有机会获得学位了。2.So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.许多人认为一旦退休，你所能做的事就是把大脑关闭，把你曾经所学的东西埋掉。3.I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。必背经典句式4.Founded in 1896，“Tredona School” is proud of its long list of outstanding past students.Tredona学校成立于1896年，它为自己培养出众多的优秀学生感到骄傲。5.I suppose I was a bit lazy and now I wish Id done more work，especially in maths.我想我当时有点懒，现在我真希望当时能多做些努力，特别是在数学方面。构词记忆accountant /kantnt/n.C会计(员)；会计师assistant /sIstnt/n.C助手；副手；助理；图书管理员.词汇与派生A语境填词1Three of her novels have been adapted(改编) for television.2We are very sad to have to do this，but there is no other alternative(选择)3He has got a bad headache for lack(缺乏) of sleep.4Students must have access(机会，方法) to using good resources.5Her father will never approve(赞成) of her marriage to Tom.6This beer isnt bad; Im beginning to acquire(获得) a taste for it.7People who cannot distinguish(区分) between colors are said to be colorblind.8It may be many years before the new pany can gain a secure(稳定的) foothold in the market.9This will simplify(简化) your development process.10She soon acquired a reputation(名誉) as a firstclass cook.B用所给词的适当形式填空11The new hospital will benefit (beneficial) the entire munity.12I try to be green，but find out that in my ignorance (ignore)，Ive made silly choices instead.13A family must defend (defence) its home against attack.14Motorists should be severely punished (punishment) for dangerous driving.15They became suspicious (suspect) of his behaviour and contacted the police.短语运用A用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空have access to，turn into，pour.into，lay off，set off，be accustomed to，approve of，go blank，fall behind，tend to16Give the bottle some shakes before pouring the juice into the cup.17In the past five years，the small，old town has been turned into a beautiful modern city.18Citizens in London have access to the National Library.19Nichols set off for his farmhouse in the countryside yesterday.20I approve of your trying to earn some money，but please dont neglect your studies.21He had been accustomed to living without electricity，and missed it very little.22The car factory is going to lay off around 150 workers because of the drop in sales.23Evans had high fever，missed school for several days and fell behind finally.24They found that those who pared their ines with others tended to be less happy.25Lily was so nervous that her mind almost went blank during the college entrance examination.B用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空a bit，as a whole，frankly speaking，in person，aside from, to a certain extent，in conclusion26.In conclusion we all wished us very success in our work.27Frankly speaking，sometimes shopping may take us much time.28Your article is wonderful as a whole.29After the relay race，she was a bit tired.30To a certain extent，this action affects the environment.31Will you apply for the position by letter or in person?32Aside from learning about unconditional love，they also learned about responsibility and respect.经典句式33Its high time that I should visit/visited you.我早该去拜访你了。34I wish I had attended the meeting last week，but I was ill.我很希望参加上周的会议，但是我生病了。35If I had followed your advice，I would have passed the exam.如果我听了你的建议的话，我就会通过那次考试了。36My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。37Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。1suspect sb.to ben./adj.猜想某人suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做了)某事be suspicious of/about sth.对某事怀疑suspicion n.怀疑，猜疑The above plaints are，I suspect，just the tip of the iceberg.我想，以上的抱怨只是冰山一角。Do women really share such stupid jokes？We suspect not.女人们真的会觉得如此愚蠢的笑话好笑吗？我们想不会。夯实基础I suspect that he is the pickpocket.I suspect him to be the pickpocket.(改为简单句)2instruct sb.to do.命令某人做as instructed按照指示instruction n.用法说明；操作指南；指示；命令；教授follow the instructions遵照说明carry out ones instructions执行某人的命令instructive adj.有教益的，有启发的；指导性的She arrived at 10 oclock as instructed.她依照指示于10点钟到达。Follow the instructions on the packet carefully.仔细按照包装上的说明操作。特别提醒instruct后跟从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用(should) do。夯实基础(1)用instruct的适当形式填空It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.All children are instructed in the use of the library.All schoolchildren must now receive some religious instruction.(2)按要求改写句子My boss instructed me to type the letters quickly.My boss instructed me that I (should) type the letters quickly.(用复合句改写句子)Were standing at a distance following the instructions. Were standing at a distance, as instructed.(用as改写句子)3应试指导过去分词句法功能的考查bury sth.in.把埋在bury oneself in埋头于，专心于be buried in专心于The paper was buried under a pile of books.那份文件被埋在书堆下。She sat there，buried in thought.她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。 夯实基础(1)用bury的适当形式填空He walked slowly，his hand buried in his pocket.The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying her head in the book in her hands.They think she was buried in the desert，along with a few others.(2)Because she buried herself in the film，she didnt know it was snowing outside.Burying herself in the film，she didnt know it was snowing outside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)Buried in the film she didnt know it was snowing outside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)4 distinguish v.区分；辨别；分清(recognize the difference between)；成为的特征(be characteristic)；使有别于应试指导distinguished作为高级词汇替换famousdistinguish.from.使别于的特征distinguish between.and.区分和distinguished adj.以著名的；卓越的，杰出的；高贵的be distinguished for因而出名be distinguished as辨别为；称之为distinguishing adj.有区别的It is necessary to distinguish the policies of two successive governments.分清前后两届政府的政策很有必要。Research suggests that babies learn to see by distinguishing between areas of light and dark.研究表明婴儿通过辨别光亮和黑暗的区域来学会看东西。夯实基础(1)用distinguish的适当形式填空Distinguished guests and friends，wele to our school.Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni from home and abroad.The bird has no distinguishing features.(2)He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school.Distinguished for his knowledge of economics，he was elected as head of the economic school.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)5reflect on/upon思考be lost in reflection陷入深思中His face was reflected in the mirror.他的脸映照在镜子里。图解助记夯实基础用reflect的适当形式填空(1)She was left to reflect on the implications(可能的影响) of her decision.(2)She could see her face reflected in the water.(3)After long reflection we decided to buy that house.6多词一义lack，be lacking in，be short of(a) lack of缺少be lacking in.在方面缺乏for/through lack of因缺少no lack of 充足的lack (for) sth.缺少某物Despite his lack of experience，he got the job.他虽然经验不足，但还是得到了这份工作。夯实基础(1)The green hand is lacking in practical experience.The green hand is short of practical experience.(用short短语改写句子)(2)He lacks confidence.He is lacking in confidence.(用lacking改写句子)(3)Lack of confidence makes his father worried.What makes his father worried is his lack of confidence.(改为what引导的主语从句)7be worthy of sth./of being done/to be done值得(做)某事worth adj.价值的；值钱的；n.价值；作用be worth doing.值得做worthwhile adj.值得努力(花时间、花钱等)的Its worthwhile/worth (ones) while to do/doing.某人做是值得的Guilin is a beautiful place.Its worthwhile going/to go there.桂林是个美丽的地方，值得去看看。This is a worthy EnglishChinese dictionary.这是一本有价值的英汉词典。特别提醒worthy可作定语，而worth不能。夯实基础这家工厂值得参观。(一句多译)(1)The factory is worth visiting.(worth adj.)(2)The factory is worthy of a visit.(be worthy ofn.)(3)The factory is worthy of being visited.(be worthy ofv.ing)(4)The factory is worthy to be visited.(be worthy不定式)(5)Its worthwhile to visit/visiting the factory.(worthwhile adj.)8 urge v.催促；力劝(persuade)；竭力主张(remend)；驱赶；鞭策(force)；n.强烈的欲望，冲动(desire)应试指导虚拟语气的考查have an urge to do.渴望做urge sb.to do.催促某人做It is/was urged that.(should) do.有人主张urgent adj.紧急的,urgency n.紧急的事They urged parliament to approve plans for their reform programme.他们敦促议会批准他们的改革方案。夯实基础(1)用urge的适当形式填空There is an urgent need for food and water.The urgency of finding a cure attracted some of the best minds in medical science.(2)Our teacher urges us to study hard with the exam drawing near.It is urged that we (should) study hard，with the exam drawing near.(用It is urged that.改写句子)9应试指导assuming，suppose，supposing，provided，providing，given等用作连词引导条件状语从句assume sb./sth.to be.认为某人(事)It is assumed that.人们认为assumption n.假定，假设；设想；承担；掌握on the assumption that.假定assuming (that).假设(引导条件状语从句)Let us assume it to be true.让我们假定这是真实的。It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。夯实基础(1)If there wasnt the hard work of the dustbin，can you imagine what our environment will be like?Assuming (that) there wasnt the hard work of the dustbin，what can you imagine our environment will be like？(用assuming和can you imagine作插入语改写句子)(2)People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.It is assumed that what they do has little effect on the environment.(用it作形式主语改写句子)10应试指导分词作状语的考查adapt (.) to (使)适应于adapt oneself to使自己适应adapt.for.为改编(写)；改造以供之用adapt from根据改编(写)adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的adaptation n.改编本；适应During the onemonth stay，I had to adapt myself to their American lifestyle and help them understand the best part of Chinese culture.在一个月的生活中，我必须适应美国的生活方式并帮助他们理解中国文化的精髓。夯实基础(1)语法填空The play is adapted from a novel.These teaching materials can be adapted for older children.When you go to a new country，you must adapt to new manners and customs.(2)The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if it was adapted for television，would be a hit.The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if adapted for television，would be a hit.(改为省略句)1lay down放下；声明lay aside储存；不去考虑；搁置一旁lay out布置，设计；铺开，展开lay emphasis/stress on强调的重要性The pany has laid off a great number of employees due to the financial crisis.由于金融危机，这个公司进行了大量裁员。Jed watched the horse a while，and then lay down to sleep.杰德又看了一下马，随后倒头睡觉。夯实基础(1)用lay短语的适当形式填空She laid down her knife and fork and pushed her plate away.She had managed to lay aside thirty dollars.They did not sell a single car for a month and had to lay off workers.(2)格雷丝把刀叉摆放在午餐桌上。(翻译句子)Grace laid out the knives and forks at the lunchtable.2应试指导作为高级词汇替换be used toaccustom oneself to (doing) sth.使自己习惯于(做)某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事I was accustomed to being the only child at a table full of adults.我已经习惯了作为唯一一个小不点坐在一桌大人中间。夯实基础He was accustomed to the custom and didnt want to change it.(1)Accustomed to the custom，he didnt want to change it.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)(2)Accustoming himself to the custom，he didnt want to change it.(用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)3tend vi.趋向；易于(be likely to do)；照顾；vt.照顾；护理(care for)tend sb.照顾某人have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向Janet tends to get very angry if you disagree with her.你如果不顺着珍妮特，她往往会大发脾气。The nurse skillfully tended the injured soldiers.护士熟练地护理着那些受伤的士兵。夯实基础用tend的适当形式填空(1)You have a tendency to avoid an argument.(2)During the second world war，Henry Beecher was a doctor tending soldiers on the battlefield.(3)My uncle is a short man with a carefully tended moustache.1 I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。(1)It is/was (high/about) time that.表示“该是做某事的时候了”，在that从句中要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用动词的过去时或should动词原形(should不可省略)。(2)Its time (for sb.)to do sth.该是(某人)做某事的时候了。(3)It is/was the序数词timethat.是某人第几次做，that从句中使用完成时(若是it is，则从句用现在完成时；若是it was，则用过去完成时)。(4)It is一段时间since.自从以来多久了(5)It will be一段时间before.多久之后才(6)It wont be long before.不久就Its high time we left for the airport.我们该去机场了。It was the third time that the old woman had been informed in danger.这是老太太第三次被通知病危。夯实基础语法填空(1)It is three years since I joined the army.(2)This was the last time that I had asked you for money.(3)John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.(4)It is time that we should go to bed.2 So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.因此许多人认为一旦你退休后，你所做的事就是把大脑关闭，把你曾经所学的东西埋掉。be to do有五层意义：(1)表示预定，“预定”，相当于be going to do(2)表示义务，“应该”，相当于should(3)表示可能，“会做”，相当于can/could(4)表示命运，“注定”(通常用于过去时，描述过去的事实)(5)用于if.were to do，虚拟语气The only thing I could do was wait.我唯一能做的就是等。You are to be back by 9 oclock.你要在9点以前回家。特别提醒(1)当不定式在系动词后作表语时，如果主语部分带有实义动词do(包括do的任何形式)，可以省去不定式符号to；否则，保留不定式符号to。(2)动词不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。夯实基础(1)When are you to leave for home?你什么时候回家？(2)She is to be married next month.她将于下个月结婚。(3)You are to report to the police.你应该报警。(4)I have nothing to do but watch TV.我除了看电视外，没有什么事情可做。3 单元语法语法填空(1)If she were(be) here this evening，we would play(play) cards.(2)The flood might have caused(cause) great damage to the people if we hadnt built(not，build) so many reservoirs.(3)If you had spoken(speak) to him last time you saw him，you would know(know) what to do now.(4)I wish I had followed(follow) her instructions then.(5)Had he caught(catch) the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.(6)His proposal that they (should) take(take) immediate measures sounds reasonable.高考题组.语法填空(xx广东)A young man，while traveling through a desert，came across a spring of clear water.31.The water was sweet.He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 32.who/that had been his teacher.After a fourday journey，the young man 33.presented (present) the water to the old man.His teacher took a deep drink，smiled 34.warmly (warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home 35.with a happy heart.After the student left，the teacher let 36.another student taste the water.He spit it out, 37.saying(say) it was awful.Apparently，it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container.He asked his teacher，“Sir，the water was awful.Why did you pretend to like 38.it？”The teacher replied，“You tasted the water.I tasted the gift.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be 39.sweeter (sweet).”We understand this lesson best 40.when we receive gifts of love from children.Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace，the proper response is appreciation.We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.写作常用句翻译1.一对年轻人坐在船里一边吃喝，一边大声地谈笑，好像整个世界只有他们俩。(as if)(xx福建书面表达)A young couple in a boat were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.2.到父母离开时，他哭了起来。(it was/is time.)(2011广东读写任务)He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave.3.随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。(adapt)(2011广东读写任务)As time went by，I gradually adapted myself to the school life.模拟题组.语法填空1.Id appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will e.2.Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head，but I tried to ignore the pain，believing (believe) that it would go away sooner or later.3.You had better set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.4.We would have put (put) Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.5.What happened to him?He was suspected (suspect) of stealing the ring at the party last night，and the police were looking into the matter.6.The local authorities had given the instruction that all the old buildings there (should) be pulled (pull) down.7.Color blind people often find it difficult to distinguish between blue and green.8.Would you please make up a topic worth discussing (discuss) in tomorrows conference?9.They urged that the library (should) be kept (keep) open during the vacation.10.The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid (lay) for a meal to be cooked.单句改错1.He is said to be suspected having stolen the money now.suspected后加上of2.With him instructed us，we finished it easily.instructedinstructing3.Buried her face in her hands，she felt blue.BuriedBurying4.As is known，he is distinguished as his knowledge of science.第二个asfor5.You know that the only thing that is lacking money at present.money前加上is6.The puter system gives the user quick and easy access for the required information.forto 7.We all agree that what he has done is worth to be praised.worthworthy8.They all urged that he would apologize to her for what he had said.去掉would或把wouldshould9.To our joy，what he said at the meeting was inspired.inspiredinspiring10.If he arrived a little earlier，he would have met her yesterday.arrived前加上had.写作句式升级训练1.If we pare them to the traditional ones，there are three unique functions：(素材来源于xx湖南书面表达)pared to the traditional ones，the three unique functions are as follows：(用过去分词作状语及as从句改写句子)2.Because there is the pair of shoes，in the future fewer and fewer people will drive cars.(素材来源于xx湖南书面表达)There being the pair of shoes，in the future a decreasing number of people will drive cars.(用独立主格结构及高级词汇decreasing改写句子)(一).阅读理解Scottish International Storytelling Festival xxSaturday 18 OctoberOnce Upon a JourneyNational Museum of Scotland11 am (5 hrs)Free|5A day of storytelling journeys and performances at the National Museum.Join Captain Zeppos Submarine Adventures with Macastory，go on Magic Carpets and Story Safaris，and explore Scotlands history for all ages with Andy Cannons Tales of a Grandson.Tickets for auditorium shows are on a firstefirstserved basis.Story Safaris and Magic Carpets have limited places and will require signup on the day.Saturday 18 OctoberTravelling TalesScottish Storytelling Centre2 pm (2 hrs)7.50|8Join storytellers and musicians Essie Stewart，Claire Hewitt，Alasdair Taylor and Alastair Davidson for an afternoon of traditional journey tales and songs.Young people from Badenoch & Lochaber will also share their own stories in Gaelic and English inspired by the epic journeys of the Scottish travellers.Saturday 18 OctoberEnlightenment EdinburghMeet at Mercat Cross beside St Giles Cathedral2：