2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 主谓一致 北师大版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 主谓一致 北师大版一、就近一致原则1由or，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，either.or.，whether.or.，not.but.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.2here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.二、意义一致原则1谓语动词必须用单数的情况(1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。 Politics is his favorite subject.(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。Do you know when the United Nations was set up?2谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The police are searching for the murderer.3谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定(1)集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，pany，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.(2)“the形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。The poor were looked down upon in the old days.三、语法一致原则1由and连接的两个名词作主语(1)“a/the名词单数and名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.(2)“a/the名词单数anda/the名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。The teacher and the poet have just arrived.(3)“every名词单数andevery名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.(4)通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语，谓语动词用单数。Bread and butter is not to his taste.2表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Is fifty pounds enough?3“分数/百分数of名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。Twothirds of the books are about science.Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.1Listening to loud music at rock concerts_caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(xx湖南，33)Ais Bare Chas Dhave2Such poets as Shakespeare_widely read，of whose works，however，some_difficult to understand.(xx四川，15)Aare；are Bis；isCare；is Dis；are3Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress.(xx全国，9)Awear BwearsChas worn Dhave worn4The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1997.(xx山东，25)Ais BareChas been Dhave been5Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_ visit Beijing this summer.(xx陕西，7)Ais going to Bare going toCwas going to Dwere going to一、用所给词的适当形式填空1Several department stores，including the one we usually go to，_(have) sidewalk sales this week.Lets go and have a look.2What the science teacher does and says _(be) of great importance to college students. 3.A number of students _(be) playing on the ground but I dont know what the exact number _(be) 4.We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that _(be) to blame for their sons bad behaviour at school.5Mike，what did our monitor say just now?Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _(be) to visit the museum_(be) asked to be at the school gate before 630 in the morning.6Britain in mon with many other industrialized countries，_(experience) major changes over the last 100 years.7Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority _(be) religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.8So far a series of problems _(be) brought about by this decision.二、单项填空1The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _ its soil and water of its lakes，rivers and oceans.Ahas Bdo Cis Dare2In fact，not only Mary and I but also Jane _ having one exam after another.Ais tired for Bare tired withCis tired of Dare tired of3Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area_invited.Awere Bhave beenChas been Dwas4At the bus stop _ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.Awere Bwas Cis Dsits5Butter and bread _ their daily food，but the bread and the butter _ up now.Ais；is eaten Bare；have been eatenCare；are eaten Dis；have been eaten6An average of 200 letters a week _ received by the newspapers offer.Such _ the case with us at present.Aare；is Bhas been；has beenChave been；is Dis；are7Its said that the team _ twelve top European players.Aconsists of Bis consisted ofCare made up of Dmake up of8Sixty miles _ in a single night，so they were exhausted.Ais covered Bwas coveredCare covered Dhas covered9_ an EnglishChinese dictionary.AThe students each haveBThe students each hasCEach the students hasDEach of the students have10_ of the Russian students，teachers and parents was over 1,000；and _ of them were killed unfortunately.AThe number；the numberBThe number；a numberCA number；halfDA number；three quarters11Email，as well as telephones，_ an important part in daily munication.Ais playing Bhave playedCare playing Dplay12All but one _ here just now.Ais Bwas Chas been Dwere13Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.Ais used Bare usedChas been used Dhave been used14He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years.Ais BareChave been Dhas been15When and where to go for the onsalary holiday _ yet.Aare not decidedBhave not been decidedCis not being decidedDhas not been decided16No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign.Aknows BknowChave known Dam to know17The teacher，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，_ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.Awas BwereChad been Dwould be18All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.Aencourages BencourageCis encouraged Dare encouraged答案感悟高考1C句意为：听摇滚音乐会中的大声的音乐已导致一些青少年失聪了。本题主语为动名词短语，故谓语动词用单数，根据主谓关系可知，此处应是主动语态，故C项正确。2A句意为：一些诗人，像莎士比亚，(其作品)被广泛阅读，然而，其中一些作品是难以理解的。句中of whose works到句末为非限制性定语从句；第一个空的主语是some poets，故谓语动词用复数形式；第二个空的主语是some of whose works，谓语动词也要用复数形式。3B句意为：Barbara很容易被辨认出来，因为她是唯一一名穿晚礼服的妇女。题干中先行词是the only one，故定语从句中用单数谓语动词；再根据主句的谓语动词是一般现在时知，从句也用一般现在时。4C“the number ofn.”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式；由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。5A当主语后出现together with/as well as等介词短语时，谓语动词的单复数与介词短语前的主语保持一致，故可排除B、D两项；根据时间状语this summer可知应用一般将来时态。领悟语法一、1.are having2.is3.are；is4.is5.are；is6has experienced7.were8.have been二、1.Das.as.在这里表示“同一样”的意思。句意为：大气是地球的一部分，就像土壤，湖里、河里、海洋里的水(是地球的一部分)一样。后面是一个省略句。原句还原为完整的句子为The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans are a part of it.。后面因为用and连接了soil和water，故用复数are。2Cnot only.but also连接的成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据就近原则来定，故谓语动词用单数。3D主语是every boy and girl，表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was。4A表处所的介词短语置于句首时句子要用倒装，该句的主语是a soldier and two young people，所以谓语动词用复数形式。5Dbutter and bread抹上黄油的面包，已经是一种约定俗成的食物了，所以用单数形式；the bread and the butter意为“面包和黄油”，是两种食物，谓语动词用复数。6Aan average of名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；the average of名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；第二个句子是倒装结构，主语是the case，故谓语动词用单数。7Athe team是指一个整体，谓语动词用单数；consist of无被动形式。8B表示距离的词作主语时谓语动词用单数；由were可知用过去式。cover意为“行过(路程)”。9Aeach作the students的同位语，故谓语动词用复数；D项中的主语是each，谓语动词要用单数；没有C项这种表达形式。10Bthe number of名词作主语时，意为“的数量”，谓语动词用单数；a number of名词作主语时，意为“大量的”，谓语动词用复数。11AEmail作主语为单数，句中谓语也用单数。12DAll but one，意为“所有人除了一个”，主语依然是All，复数，所以谓语用复数。13Cevery possible means每一种可行的方式；means单复数同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成时的被动语态。14D有the only修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。15Dwhen and where to do虽有and 连接，但指同一事，作主语时看成单数。16Ano one在句中作主语，谓语用单数，且时态为一般现在时，故用knows。17Athe teacher作主语，谓语用单数(was)且和visiting构成过去进行时。18Dall the employees在句中作主语，谓语动词用复数，且表示被动，故用are encouraged。