2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 真题分类 定语从句.doc

2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 真题分类 定语从句【xx新课标全国卷I】33“You cant judge a book by its cover，”_Aas the saying goes oldBgoes as the old sayingCas the old saying goesDgoes as old the saying【解析】句意：俗话说，“你不能以貌取人”。as the old saying goes是一个固定的用法，表示“俗话说”。其他的各个选项都是错误表达形式，故都可排除。【答案】C【xx新课标全国卷II】4When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.Awhat BwhenCwhere Dwhich【解析】题干的意思是：“我到达后，布赖恩带我去看了我要住的房子。”分析题干可知后句为限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词house在定语从句中作地点状语，因此应选择关系副词where。解答该类题目的关键在于分析关系词代替先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。【答案】C【xx北京卷】27Many countries are now setting up national parks_animals and plants can be protected.Awhen Bwhich Cwhose Dwhere【解析】题干的意思是：眼下，许多国家正在建立一些国家公园，动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。分析结构可知，此处是考查定语从句的引导词，先行词为national parks，定语从句中缺少地点状语，要用where来引导，相当于in which。关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语；which在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whose只作定语，三者均不符合语境，故正确答案为D项。解答这类题目首先要找准先行词，然后根据定语从句所缺的成分来确定选项。【答案】D【xx天津卷】6We have launched another manmade satellite，_ is announced in todays newspaper.Athat BwhichCwho Dwhat【解析】句意：“我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这件事在今天的报纸上被公布了。”B项which引导非限制性定语从句，指代“发射人造卫星”这件事，在定语从句中作主语。that和what不能引导非限制性定语从句；who在定语从句中只能指人。如果选that，需在that前加连词and。【答案】B【xx重庆卷】24John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of_are family members.Athem BthatCwhich Dwhom【解析】句意：约翰邀请了大约40个人参加他的婚礼，大部分人是家庭成员。由前后两个句子之间没有连接词可首先把A项排除。B、C、D三项都可引导定语从句，但that不能放在介词of之后，故排除。which引导定语从句时，表示物，不符合题意，也排除。most of whom引导非限制性定语从句，whom指代about 40 people。most of whom在定语从句中作主语，所以答案为D。【答案】D【xx山东卷】31There is no simple answer，_ is often the case in science.Aas BthatCwhen Dwhere【解析】句意：没有简单的答案，在科学上情况通常是这样。因句中有逗号，其后面的句子中无连词引导，可判断是定语从句。本句的先行词是空格前的整个句子，有此用法的是 as。as在句中意为“正如，正像”。“as is often the case”常被看作是一个固定搭配，意为“情况通常是这样”，符合句意。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，when的先行词在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，where的先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故B、C、D三项都不符合句意，应被排除。【答案】A【xx浙江卷】5The children，_ had played the whole day long，were worn out.Aall of what Ball of whichCall of them Dall of whom【解析】题干的意思是：“孩子们玩了一整天，都累坏了。”分析句子结构可知，_ had played the whole day long是非限制性定语从句，先行词children指人，故排除A、B、C三项。所以正确答案为D项。【答案】D【xx浙江卷】13The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.Awhat BwhereCwhen Dwhy【解析】题干的意思是：“博物馆将在春季开放，届时将有一个展览，还有一个观光平台，在这里参观者可以看到许多在建的大玻璃暖房。”分析句子结构可知，_ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built为定语从句，a viewing platform为定语从句的先行词，从句缺少地点状语，要用where引导，所以正确答案为B项。【答案】B【xx江苏卷】32The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.Awhere BwhichCwhat Dwhen【解析】句意：世界银行行长说，他热爱中国，这种热爱他记得早在童年时就开始了。通过分析句子结构可知，The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China为主句，通过还原法可知定语从句是he remembers his passion for China starting as early as his childhood，从句中his passion starting为动名词复合结构。his passion用which替代。when和where虽然可以引导定语从句，但是它们在定语从句中是分别用来作时间状语和地点状语的，不能指代passion；what不能用来引导定语从句，故排除。【答案】B【xx安徽卷】29Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in xx，_ made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams e true.Ait BthatCwhat Dwhich【解析】句意：莫言获得xx年诺贝尔文学奖，这件事使中国人民长久以来的一个梦想得以实现。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。it和what不能引导定语从句，可排除；that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。故选D项。【答案】D【xx湖南卷】21Happiness and success often e to those_are good at recognizing their own strengths.Awhom Bwho Cwhat Dwhich【解析】题干的意思是：“快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。”分析句子成分可知，“_are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定语从句，修饰先行词those，从句中缺少主语，故用who引导，所以答案为B。【答案】B【xx四川卷】9Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment_they live.Awhat BwhichCwhen Dwhere【解析】题干的意思是：现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。分析句子结构可知，题中缺少定语从句的引导词，并且引导词要在从句中作地点状语，所以D符合题意。而what不能引导定语从句；which可以引导定语从句，但是在从句中作主语或宾语；when也可以引导定语从句，但是在从句中作时间状语。【答案】D【xx江西卷】33He wrote a letter_he explained what had happened in the accident.Awhat BwhichCwhere Dhow【解析】句意：他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了这起事故中发生的事情。定语从句中有主语和宾语，先行词在从句中作地点状语，where相当于in which。【答案】C【xx山东卷】35Finally he reached a lonely island _ was pletely cut off from the outside world.Awhen BwhereCwhich Dwhom【解析】句意：最后他到达了一个完全与外部世界隔绝的孤岛上。句中的先行词a lonely island在后面的定语从句中作主语，故用which引导。因先行词是地点名词短语a lonely island，学生很容易误选where来引导定语从句而不去分析先行词在句中所作的成分。【答案】C【xx辽宁卷】34He may win the petition，_ he is likely to get into the national team.Ain which case Bin that caseCin what case Din whose case【解析】句意：他也许会赢得比赛，那样的话，他就可能会进入国家队。此处引导定语从句，in which case指代“他可能会赢得比赛”这件事情，介词后的关系代词不能用that，故排除B项；what不引导定语从句；whose指代“的”，不符合语境。【答案】A【xx陕西卷】16_is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.AIt BThatCWhat DAs【解析】题干的意思是：“正如其他孩子的情况一样，医生到达时，艾米好多了。”该句中as引导非限制性定语从句，用来代替后面整个主句的内容。该题容易误选it，如果选it那么题干就是两句话，而中间没有连词且用了逗号，所以it不可选。【答案】D【xx福建卷】27The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.Awhose BthatCwho Dwhich【解析】题干的意思是：“这本书通过那些生活受到影响的人的视角讲述了地震的故事。”根据题干可判断所选连词引导的是定语从句。定语从句中关系词的选择是由关系词在定语从句中所作的成分来决定的。题干中先行词是代词those，表示“那些人”，而在定语从句中缺乏的成分意思应是“那些人的”，所以只有关系代词whose符合题意，whose在定语从句中作定语。关系代词that，who和which在定语从句中只能作主语或宾语。解答这类题目的关键在于分析定语从句中所缺的成分，也就是关系词在定语从句中所作的成分。【答案】A【xx山东卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. A. themB. that C. which D. what【答案】C【解析】此处先行词是two novels，后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词前置，因此用both of which引导。句意：Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。【xx福建卷】23. The air quality in the city, _is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. thatB. it C. as D. what 【考点】本题考查定语从句的引导词【答案】C【解析】本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在在报告中所写的那样”。【xx浙江】9.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A. whyB. whenC. to whomD. on which【考点】考查定语从句。 【答案】B【解析】when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）， 此处的when=at which。【xx浙江】17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whom【考点】考查定语从句的关系代词。【答案】B【解析】who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中作宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。【xx江苏卷】22.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D. what【考点】考查定语从句的关系代词。【答案】B【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。【xx安徽卷】29. lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. it C. which D. This【答案】A【解析】如果选择B或D 就出现了两个句子了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,关系代词指整个一句话lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是A。【xx江西卷】28By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.AwhichBwhenCwhatDthat【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【答案】D【解析】“position”为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此，正确答案为D选项。技巧点拨：句意表示“我已经达到人生的一个转折点，应该自己做决定。”先行词是point, 关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此，正确答案为B选项。【xx四川卷】13. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them【答案】 C 【考点】本题考查定语从句。【解析】前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。【xx陕西卷】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. whereC.whichD. what【答案】C 【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。【xx北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【答案】 B【考点】非限制性定语从句，which作表语。【解析】 句意：他常常聚精会神地工作，这时他会废寝忘食。先行词为逗号前面的deeply absorbed in work，关系词在定语从句中充当表语成分，故选B项。【xx全国II】8. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that B. which C. what D. when【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。【答案】B【解析】这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。【xx天津卷】7.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_help I would never have got this far.【B】A. who B. whoseC. whomD. which【2011全国卷I) 31】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what【答案】C【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为作者的故事，因此选C。句子的意思是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。【2011全国卷II ，7】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which【答案】D【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。【2011北京卷，26】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that【答案】B【考点】考查非限制性定语从句。【解析】逗号后的非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。选择which。【2011上海卷，39】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】先行词为the bus station，从句中谓语动词hire后缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。【2011山东卷，32】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that【答案】D【考点】此题考查定语从句的引导词。【解析】关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意为：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。【2011江西卷，34】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which【答案】C【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语，博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间。介词用of。选C。【2011江苏卷，24】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】句意：音乐会的两大构成部分中间有幕间休息时间，在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。when引导的定语从句修饰an interval，when在从句中作时间状语。首先解析句子结构，判断从句类型，题干说“在音乐会中间有间歇，此时你可以买冰激凌。”题干的前半部分完整无缺，后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事，所以这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为interval，非限制性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。由于从句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表时间，所以正确答案为A【2011安徽卷，28】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】句意为：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。由句型结构可以看出，该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语，该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。when在从句中作时间状语；which在从句中作主语或宾语；while是连词，不能用于定语从句。【2011浙江卷，8】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，先行词在从句中做each of的宾语，所以应用关系代词which。【2011浙江卷，10】A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there【答案】C【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】本句中的先行词是the place.，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。【2011福建卷，24】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to municate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用which。【2011福建卷，33】It was April 29,xx Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.Athat Bwhen Csince Dbefore【答案】B【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】去掉It was及that后，April 29，2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。用when引导定语从句修饰April 29，2011。【2011四川卷，17】The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D.where【答案】B【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】此处whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shop，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店，其主顾大多是学生，因为放假就关门了。”【2011天津卷，10】The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. when B. that C. where D. which【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】句意为：when引导定语从句修饰the day。are gone为插入语。句意：全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。【2011陕西卷，11】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that【答案】B【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】先行词是hill，表地点，定语从句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句子成分中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。【2011湖南卷，25】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that【答案】C【考点】本题考查定语从句中复合关系代词的用法。【解析】介词后只能使用的关系代词是which, who, whose, 因为句子中关系词指代是语言，故选C；句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她说得都很流利。