2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 人与自然 第二节真题精练（含解析）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 人与自然 第二节真题精练（含解析）Step One真题体验(xx新课标全国阅读理解A)Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening，the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husbands name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶) that had been left out on the footpath.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.1What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?AGo shopping. BFind a house.CJoin his family. DTake a vacation.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段“Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.”可知，作者的丈夫只身从印度来到了悉尼，住在旅馆里，同时给作者和孩子们寻找房子住，因此选择B项。2The girls parents got Rashids phone number from .Aa friend of his family Ba Sydney policemanCa letter in his papers Da stranger in Sydney答案C解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.”可知，小女孩的父母是从作者的丈夫写给一位朋友的信中得到了他的电话号码，因此选择C项。3What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?AShowed. BSent out.CDelivered. DGave back.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“.the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.”以及全文是围绕作者丈夫的文件失而复得这一主线展开叙述的可知，gave back (归还，交还)是最佳答案。4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AFrom India to AustraliaBLiving in a New CountryCTurning Trash to TreasureDIn Search of New Friends答案C解析标题归纳题。本文主要记叙了作者的丈夫来到悉尼之后，有一天发现自己的手提箱丢失了，里面有自己的全部重要文件包括护照。正当作者的丈夫一筹莫展的时候，一位当地的陌生人给他打来电话，告诉他说他们的女儿在垃圾桶里捡到了这些文件，这些本来可能被当作垃圾扔掉的文件最后却回到了失主手中，这让作者一家很欣喜，同时也让他们重拾对人们的信任等，所以这些都是宝贵的财富，因此选Turning Trash to Treasure，这正是本文的主题所在。Step Two找出信息句学会分析1(1题信息句)Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.分析：本句的主干为：my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time。在句子前面，现在分词短语arriving in.在句中作伴随状语；句子的后半部分为while引导的省略句，连词while后省略了主语和谓语he was。翻译：从印度只身抵达悉尼以后，我的丈夫拉希德在酒店里短暂逗留，为我和我们的孩子们找房子。2(2题信息句)At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.分析：in which 引导定语从句my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend修饰先行词a halfwritten letter。翻译：最后，他们在一堆文件中看到了一封写了一半的信，在信中我丈夫把他的新电话号码给了他的一个朋友。3(3题信息句)That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.分析：本句中的谓语部分是由not only.but also.组成的一个并列结构。要注意当not only放在句首的时候，要使用部分倒装的形式。本句可以改为：Not only did the family restore the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.。翻译：那家人不仅仅归还了这些重要的文件，而且还重塑了我们对人的信任。Step Three深度阅读与拓展训练任务型阅读篇章结构Step Four知识积累1for a short time临时的；短暂的2look for寻找3go out出去，外出；熄灭；过时4think of记起，想起；考虑；想像5get.organised组织好6settle down定居；安定下来；专心于7report the case to the police报警8leave out把留在外面；遗漏，省略9sort.out分类；整理10faith in对的信任；对有信仰；对有信心真题精选对应训练(xx福建阅读理解A)It was Mothers Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my fiveyearold son，Tenyson.As we were leaving，we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.Her husband was with her，but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.Walking towards the scene，Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple.He said to me，“Mum，its not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”At the front of the supermarket，a charity(慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds.Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower.“It will make her feel better，” he said.I was amazed that hed e up with this sweet idea.So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.“Just take it，” she replied.“I cant take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”By now paramedics(急救人员) had arrived，and were attending to the injured woman.As we walked up to her，my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment.He said he was just too scared to go up to her.Instead I gave the flower to the womans husband and told him，“My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”At that，the old man started crying and said，“Thank you so much，you have a wonderful son.Happy Mothers Day to you.”The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower，telling her who it was from.Though badly hurt and shaken，the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.56What does the author intend to tell us?AOne can never be too careful.BActions speak louder than words.CLove begins with a little smile.DA small act of kindness brings a great joy.答案D解析推理判断题。作者在文章中讲述了儿子为一位摔倒的老太太买了一朵花以使她高兴起来这件小事，因此选项D符合题意。A项“一个人再怎么小心也不过分”；B项“行动胜过语言”；C项“爱始于一个小小的微笑”，都与文章描述的内容不符合。57Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AThe elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson.BTenysons idea of buying a flower gained his mothers support.CTenysons care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller.DThe elderly woman was moved to tears by Tenysons gesture.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“As we were leaving，we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance.”可知老太太不是Tenyson撞倒的，由此排除A项；根据第三段第四、五句可知Tenyson想买花的想法得到了“我”的支持，所以B项正确；由第三段最后一句可知C项说法不正确；根据文章最后一句可排除D项。58The underlined word “intimidated” in the fourth paragraph probably means “ ”Aastonished BstruckCfrightened Dexcited答案C解析词义猜测题。根据画线单词后一句中的too scared(很害怕)以及下一段中的“Instead I gave the flower to the womans husband.”可知，5岁的Tenyson害怕血和医疗设备，所以选C项。59What would be the best title for the passage?AFlower PowerBMothers DayCAn Accidental InjuryDAn Embarrassing Moment答案A解析标题归纳题。文中提到了Tenyson买花送给摔倒的老太太，老太太深受感动，由此可知本文的最佳题目是“花的力量”，因此选A项。B项“母亲节”，题目过大；C项“一次意外的受伤”，内涵较小，它只是本文表达主旨大意的载体；D项“一个尴尬的时刻”与文章的内容完全不符。5年真题拓展训练(2)真题深度阅读训练Step One真题体验(xx新课标全国阅读理解B)Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment.“We didnt know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many，many times，” says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports，emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has bee part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs；today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twentyfive years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today，its hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that，nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.5According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea about .Athe social movementBrecycling techniquesCenvironmental problemsDthe importance of Earth Day答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段的“We didnt know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it.”可知，当时美国人对环境问题没有足够的认识，因此应选择C项。A项指社会运动，与主题不符；B项指回收的技巧，范围太窄；D项应该是环境的重要性，而不是“地球日”的重要性。6Where does the support for environmental protection mainly e from?AThe grassroots level.BThe business circle.CGovernment officials.DUniversity professors.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.”可知，这里强调了这个运动的支持者应该是那些普通的美国民众，因此答案应是A项The grassroots level，从而排除前面提到的那几类人。7What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?AThey have cut car emissions to the lowest.BThey have settled their environmental problems.CThey have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.DThey have reduced pollution through effective measures.答案D解析细节理解题。文章第三段的第一句说明了汽车和卡车的尾气排放量从每年1 030万吨降到了550万吨，由此可排除A项；再结合第二句“一氧化碳排放超标的城市从40个降到了9个”可知C项是错误的；根据第三句提到的“环境问题依然严峻”可知这个问题还没有得到解决，所以排除B项；本段列举的这些数字证明了美国人采取了有效措施，减少了环境污染，因此答案选D项。8What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?AEducation. BPlanning.CGreen living. DCO reduction.答案A解析推理判断题。结合最后一段提到的“25年以前，在美国几乎没有关于环境的教育项目，而如今，很难找到没有类似项目的公立学校、大学或者法学院了”，再结合布鲁斯所说的“没有教育，就无法改变环境问题”等，我们可以推断出教育(education)的重要性，从而排除了B项“计划”、C项“绿色生活”和D项“减少一氧化碳”这几个选项。Step Two找出信息句学会分析1(5题信息句)“We didnt know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA.分析：本句中的动词know后面的that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，是宾语从句，其中的let alone更不必说，表示让步关系。翻译：在那时人们甚至都不知道有“环境”这个词，更不要说知道存在着环境问题了。美国地球日的总裁Bruce Anderson这样说。2(7题信息句)The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.分析：本句中的现在分词短语producing CO beyond the standard在句中作定语，修饰名词cities。因为两者之间在逻辑上存在主动关系，所以使用现在分词作定语，相当于which produce.；另外本句中的the number of “的数量”，在句中作主语，故谓语动词使用单数形式。翻译：一氧化碳排放超标的城市的数量从40个减少到了9个。3(8题信息句)Today，its hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program.分析：it在句中作形式主语，为避免头重脚轻的现象，代替真正的主语to find a public school，university，or law school.；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a public school.，university，or law school，that在定语从句中作主语，也可以换成which，但是不能省略。翻译：在今天，很难找到一个没有这样的计划的公立学校、大学、或法学院。Step Three深度阅读与拓展训练任务型阅读篇章结构阅读表达写作训练假设你是你校学生会主席，针对环境污染问题，你校学生会开展了保护环境的号召。请你用英语写一篇100词左右的短文，号召你校全体学生保护环境。参考范文On behalf of the School Students Union，I，the Chairman of the Union，am earnestly calling for your active participation in our environmental protection campaign.It is the duty of every global villager；man just can not sustain his glorious civilization without a rewarding environment，which will be possible only if man makes considerable efforts to protect the environment.Do you cherish precious opportunities to volunteer in our joint efforts in environmental protection？Here is a great one not to be missed by any enthusiastic youth.Right next Saturday，our school is to run a publicity campaign to advocate environmental protection across the city.The School Students Union will be in charge of recruitment of volunteers.Lets join our hands and take action immediately.Step Four知识积累1let alone更不必说；听任；不打扰2begin as作为开始3public affairs公众事务4millions of成千上万的；无数的5grassroots基层的；基本的；一般民众的6still remain and need to be dealt with仍然存在并需要处理7take part in参加，参与8therefore因此；所以真题精选对应训练(xx天津阅读理解B)Last nights meteor(流星) shower left many people in the munity dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild，Emerald Valleys mayor，people gathered in the suburbs of the city，carrying heavy telescopes，expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing，but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”Astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been plaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This population consists of birds，bats，frogs，snakes，etc.For example，outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds.According to the International DarkSky Association，“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animal casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings，but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one munity that is being aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years，Flagstaff，Arizona，has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide，and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them，so that other creatures can share the night.41It happened last night that .Athe citys lights affected the meteor watchingBthe meteors flew past before being noticedCthe city light show attracted many peopleDthe meteor watching ended up a social outing答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可判断选A项。42What do the astronomers plain about?AMeteor showers occur less often than before.BTheir observation equipment is in poor repair.CLight pollution has remained unsolved for years.DTheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句和第二句可判断选C项。43What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4? ABirds may take other migration paths.BAnimals living habits may change suddenly.CVarieties of animals will bee sharply reduced.DAnimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段可知答案。44Lighting regulations in Flagstaff，Arizona are put into effect to .Alessen the chance of getting cancerBcreate an ideal observation conditionCensure citizens a good sleep at nightDenable all creatures to live in harmony答案B解析细节理解题。根据第六段第二句“.in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.”可知选B项。45What message does the author most want to give us?ASaving wildlife is saving ourselves.BGreat efforts should be made to save energy.CHuman activities should be environmentally friendly.DNew equipment should be introduced for space study.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推断作者想告诉我们人类的行为要环保。5年真题拓展训练(3)真题深度阅读训练Step One真题体验(2011新课标全国阅读理解B)While small may be beautiful，tall is just plain unfortable it seems，particularly when it es to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB)，which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall，has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.Beds that are too small，shower heads that are too low，and restaurant tables with hardly any legroom all make life difficult for those of above average height，it says.But it is not just the extratall whose needs are not being met.The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds，doorways，and chairs has remained unchanged.“The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it，so even a kingsize bed at 66 (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men，while the standard 63 bed caters for less than half of the male population，” said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy，“Sevenfoot beds would work fine.”Similarly，restaurant tables can cause no end of problems.Small tables，which mean the longlegged have to sit a foot or so away from them，are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.Some have already taken note，however.At Queens Moat Houses Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh，66 beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors，particularly Americans.60What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?ATo provide better services.BTo rebuild hotels and restaurants.CTo draw public attention to the needs of the tall.DTo attract more people to bee its members.答案C解析细节理解题。由第二段第一句话中“.which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall.”可知选C项。61Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy?A72. B7.C66. D63.答案B解析细节理解题。第四段中Phil Heinricy说：“66的床对于25%的男子来说较短，而63的床只能满足不到一半男子的要求”。最后一句又说“Sevenfoot beds would work fine.”。sevenfoot即7，故选B项。62What may happen to restaurants with small tables?AThey may lose some customers.BThey may start businesses elsewhere.CThey have to find easy chairs to match the tables.DThey have to provide enough space for the longlegged.答案A解析细节理解题。文章倒数第二段提到：“Small tables，which.away from them，are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.”由此可知：如果饭馆餐桌小，可能会失去一些顾客。63What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?ATall people pay more for larger beds.B66 beds have taken the place of 63 beds.CSpecial rooms are kept for Americans.DGuest rooms are standardized.答案B解析细节理解题。由文章最后一段“.66 beds are now put in as standard.”可知：66的床作为标准床在旅馆里被安置了。Step Two找出信息句学会分析1(60题信息句)The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB)，which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall，has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.分析：which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Tall Persons Club Great Britain；本句的主干为：The Tall Persons Club Great Britain has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.翻译：大不列颠高人俱乐部，是在六个月之前建立的，它是一个为了身材高大的人的需求而发起运动的组织，现在已经把注意力转移到旅馆和餐馆上了。2(61题信息句)The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it，so even a kingsize bed at 66 (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men，while the standard 63 bed caters for less than half of the male population.分析：says后省略了连接代词that，引导宾语从句；than引导比较状语从句；while引导并列句，表示“然而”。翻译：据寝具行业所说，一个床应该比使用这个床的人大六英寸，所以即使是一个加长型66(6英尺6寸)的床对于25%的男性而言都是小的，而标准的63的床仅能满足不到一半男性的需求。Step Three深度阅读与拓展训练任务型阅读篇章结构真题精选对应训练(xx四川阅读理解C)A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy，nine，restarted her father Colms heart by stamping(踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stoppe