2019-2020年高考英语 语法知识汇总 第02章 代词.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 语法知识汇总 第02章 代词英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为九种：人称代词 分为主格（如：I, you, he等）和宾格（如：me, you, him）物主代词 分为形容性物主代词（如：my, his, your）和名词性物主代词（如：mine, his, yours）指示代词 常见的有四个：this这，that那, these这些, those那些反身代词 如：myself我自己，himself他自己，themselves他们自己疑问代词 用在特殊疑问句中。有：who, whom, whose, what, which。如：Who is that boy? What do you like?不定代词 如：some一些, many许多, both两个都, everything, everybody等关系代词 引导定语从句。如：This is the boy who won the race.相互代词 指each other 与 one another，意为“互相”连接代词 疑问代词在引导从句时，都称为连接代词，包括who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever，一共九个。如： It is clear enough what she meant. 她是什么意思很清楚。（引导主语从句） I dont care what they think. 他们怎么想我不管。（引导宾语从句）第1讲 人称代词我你他她它我们你们他们主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容性物主代词myyourhisheritsmyyourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsmineyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves人称代词分为主格和宾格。考点1. 代词作同位语如果代词和名词指代相同时，常用主格或宾格作同位语，(答疑qq 329950885)不用物主代词。改错：Our Chinese people are friendly.把our改为we, 因为我们本身就是中国人。1. _ students are tired of doing so much homework. We had better make it known to our teachers.A. Our B. We C. Us D. Ours2. 【xx湖南】To save class time, our teacher has _ students do half of the exercise in class and plete the other half for homework.A. usB. we C. our D. ours 考点2. 用人称代词宾格代替主格的情况 口语中作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，不用主格。Who is it? Its me. 在比较句型中，as和than后的主格可以用宾格代替。I am taller than she/her.He is as tall as she/her. but, except作“除了”解并且位于主语之后时，后面可以跟主格也可跟宾格。Nobody but/except he/him knew it. 人称代词单独出现时，常用宾格。Who runs faster, you or me?3. Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why _? John is sitting there doing nothing.A. himB. heC. ID. me4. 【xx山东】Poor Steve! I could hardly recognize him just now!_. He has changed so much.A. Never mindB. No problemC. Not at allD. Me neither第2讲 指示代词指示代词一般指：this, that, these和those考点1. this, thatthat则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用, this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用。I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt e.1. 【xx浙江】He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.When was _?_ was in xx when he was still in college. A. that; ThisB. this; ItC. it; ThisD. that; It2. 【xx辽宁】Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street? Victoria Street? _ is where the Grand Theatre is.A. SuchB. ThereC. ThatD. This考点2. that 指代前面提到的名词，后总是跟限制性的后置修饰语, 复数时要用thosethat可以代指可数名词也可代指不可数名词。it和that都可替代“the+单数名词（可数或不可数）”，都是特指，(答疑qq 329950885)但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。如： 【xx全国】The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move in.A. theyB. itC. oneD. which 【xx全国】Few pleasures can equal_ of a cool drink on a hot day. A. someB. anyC. thatD. those分析：选B, 因为指的同一事物。选C 。that替代the pleasure，与前面提到的同属“快乐的事”，但却是不同的事。如果前面名词是可数名词复数时，要用those而不用that。有时也用one（ones）代替前面出现的名词，但只能代替可数名词。如：The book on the table is more interesting than that (或the one) on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.3. 【xx四川】The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.A. oneB. this C. thatD. it4. 【xx辽宁】To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues.A. thatB. oneC. onesD. those5. 【xx全国I】 The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England. A. whichB. whatC. thatD. the one6. 【xx江苏】Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children pared with _ of their parents.A. thoseB. oneC. bothD. that 7. 【xx浙江】Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _of McDonalds.A. thoseB. onesC. anyD. all8. 【xx天津】At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.A. them B. these C. those D. ones第3讲 不定代词（一）没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词，常用的不定代词有：all, any, another, both, each, every, either, every, few, little, many, much, no, none, neither, one, other, some以及由 some, any, no, very 和 body, one, thing 构成的复合词考点1. one不可指代不可数名词1. 【2011重庆】Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.What do you think of _ over there?A. the oneB. thisC. itD. that2. Our furniture is much cheaper than _ you bought last year.A. oneB. onesC. thatD. those考点2. one作同位语，等于a/an名词3. 【xx全国】Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. A. thatB. oneC. itD. what4. For Tim this was the beginning of a new life, _ he thought he would never see.A. whatB. thatC. oneD. it5. Can I help you?Id like to buy a gift for my mother, _ at a proper price but of great use.A. thatB. oneC. anyoneD. everything考点3. one, it, the one, the ones的区别在指代时，one可以替换为：a+名词, 而it指特定的某一个，相当于the+名词。在the one和the ones中，one指代前面提到的可数名词。6. 【xx全国】Why dont we take a little break？Didnt we just have _?A. itB. thatC. oneD. this7. 【2011福建】We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose _ based on your own interests. A. eitherB. eachC. oneD. it8. 【1992全国】Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the onesB. onesC. someD. the others9. 【xx江西】Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. A. oneB. onesC. itD. those 10. 【xx浙江】 Weve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like yet.A. oneB. onesC. itD. them11. 【xx陕西】There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _?No, Id rather buy _ in the bookstore. A. it; oneB. one; oneC. one; itD. it; it考点4. each, every表示“每一”时的区别 从数量上：each用于两个或两个以上的人或物， 而every用于三个或三个以上的人或物。也就是说，只有两个时，必须用each, 三个及三个以上时，用each和every都行。Each/Every student has a puter. 从意义上：each侧重于个体，强调“每一个”, 而every侧重于整体，强调 “全部”。Each student has a puter. 每个学生都有台电脑。Every student has a puter. 所有的学生都有电脑。 从词性上：every只能作形容词，而each可作代词、形容词和副词。Each boy has eaten one apple. (each为形容词)Each of them has eaten one apple. （each为代词）They each have eaten one apple. （each为代词，作同位语）They have eaten one apple each. （each为副词）改错：There are many tall trees on every side of the road.Every of the students in our class has a dictionary.改为： 把every改为each, 因为路只有两条边，而every用于三者及三者以上。把Every 改为Each，或在Every后加one。12. 【xx上海】When he took his gloves off, I noticed that _ one had his name written inside.A. eachB. everyC. otherD. another考点5. any, either表示“任何一个”时的区别 any表示“任何”的意思, 用于三者及三者以上。Any child can do that.（定语）You may take any of them.（宾语） either是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词。如：Here are two pens. You may take either of them. （宾语） each指两者时可与either互换。如：There are many trees on either/each side of the road.13. 【xx上海】 Do you want tea or coffee? _, I really dont mind. A. NoneB. NeitherC. EitherD. Or 14. 【xx陕西】Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer _ of them.A. otherB. anyC. noneD. some 15. 【xx重庆】He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again. A. neitherB. eitherC. eachD. all16. 【xx山东】Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much. A. either B. any C. each D. another 考点6. neither, both与 all, none (both与all表示部分否定) both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。 all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：Not all the ants go out for food.(or: All the ants dont go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。 另外，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以作形容词，修饰或代替单数可数名词，它所修饰的名词用单数形式，(答疑qq 329950885)后面的谓语也用单数形式。如Neither boy knows French. 17. _ of them do not drink wine. A bottle will be enough.A. NoB. NoneC. AllD. Every one18. 【xx新课标】Its an either-or situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.A. othersB. either C. anotherD. both19. 【xx全国新课标】Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but _ of them wants to, because they have work to do.A. eitherB. anyC. neitherD. none20. 【xx重庆】John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday?_. Ill be off to London then.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None21. 【xx全国】 Can you e on Monday or Tuesday?Im afraid _ day is possible. A. eitherB. neitherC. someD. any考点7. another, other, others, the other, the others,the rest的区别 “the other +名词复数” (或用the others) 表示“其余的全部”；“other + 复数名词（或用others）”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”（并不有意强调全部）。 如：Five of the pencils are red, the others (the other pens) are yellow.Some are singing, and others are dancing.（others泛指其余的，指其余的绝大部分。暗示可能有极少数既没唱歌也没跳舞。如果用the others则指剩余的全部，表示其余的无一例外都在跳舞。）some, some, some, others，意为“一些一些一些”。 the other 强调剩下的这一个，此时只有一个；常出现在onethe other中, 用于两者之间。如：He got two books; one isa textbook, the other is a novel.也可用于其他表示“只剩下这一个”的情况。如：There were three boys in the classroom. One is Tom, another is John, and the other is Ken.another修饰或代替单数可数名词，用于“三个或三个以上”，指代剩下的两个或两个以上中的一个。This coat is too dark. Please show me another.（宾语，外衣总数为三件及三件以上。除去这个外衣之外，剩下的起码有两件；如果只剩一件的话，就要用the other。）one another/a second a thirdthe other常用于列举，意为“一个一个一个一个，剩下的那一个”，用于三者或三者以上的排列。 another还可表示“再，又”。（参看：P. 32 many more + 名词，much more + 名词，与another） the rest既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词, 而another, other, others, the other(s)只能代替可数 名词。 else只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后。如：Did you see anybody else? 你还看见别的人吗？Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁？ each other, one another(相互)。按传统语法，each other 指两者；而 one another 指三者或三者以上。但在现代英语中，两者常可互换。如：You should help each other (one another). 你们应该互相帮助。We know each others (one anothers) weak points. 我们都彼此了解对方的缺点。 one after another(一个接一个), 如：Im not surprised hes feeling illhe was eating one ice-cream after another! “any other 单数名词”(别的 / 其他的任何一个)Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. one way or another “以某种方式”；“无论如何”。Everyone at the party was related (in) one way or another. These bills have to be paid one way or another. 22. 【2011陕西】Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?_ one? A. OtherB. EveryC. AnotherD. More23. 【xx全国】If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay _ $ 15. A. anotherB. otherC. moreD. each24. 【xx安徽】You are the team star! Working with _ is really your cup of tea.A. bothB. eitherC. othersD. the other25. 【xx上海】No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _.A. othersB. the otherC. eitherD. another26. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish _ in two days?A. the restB. the otherC. anotherD. the others27. 【xx重庆】Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _.A. anotherB. the otherC. one anotherD. one28. 【xx重庆】Over the past 20 years, the Internet helped change our world in _ way or another for the better. A. anyB. oneC. everyD. either 第4讲 不定代词（二）考点1. something, anything, everything与somebody, anybody, everybody在everyone (everybody)和everything中，every虽然表示“每一个”，但它侧重于“全部的，所有的”。因此，everyone (everybody)和everything虽然意为“每个人”，“每件事/物”，但却侧重于表示“全部的、所有的”。它们表示的是“整体”的概念。如：Is everyone here? 大家都到齐了吗？Everything goes well. 一切顺利。在someone (somebody)和something中，some表示“特定”的某一个，属于“ 不确定特指”，即：虽然没有指明是哪一个，但也是“特定”的某一个，并且只能是“这个”而不能是别的任何一个。因此，someone (somebody)和something意为“某个人”“某件事/物”。它们表达的是“特定”的“个体”概念。如：Somebody broke the glass yesterday.昨天有人把杯子打碎了。Something is wrong with the machine.机器出故障了。在anyone (anybody)和anything中，any是“任何一个”的意思。它们表达的是不确定的“个体”概念，即：所代指的可以是“这一个”，也可以是其他任何一个。它们意为“任何一个人”“任何一件事/物”。如：Has anybody been to Hong Kong in our class? 我们班有没有人去过香港？Is anything wrong with you? 你怎么了？1. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _.A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing2. What an amazing film! Its the most interesting film Ive ever seen.But Im sure it wont interest _ .A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody3. Do you have _ at home now, Stella?No, we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea.A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything4. 【xx山东】Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and _ before you leave. A. somethingB. anything C. everythingD. nothing5. 【xx全国1】We havent enough books for _; some of you will have to share.A. somebodyB. anybody C. everybodyD. nobody 6. 【xx湖北】First , it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from _.A. everyone elseB. the otherC. someone elseD. the rest7. Do you mind if Charlie borrows a few hundred dollars from you?Im afraid I do. Ill be glad to lend money to _ but Charlie. A. someoneB. everyone C. anyoneD. no one8. 【xx上海】The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5, 000 to _ who can capture the tiger alive or dead.A. bothB. othersC. anyoneD. another9. His study is better than _. A. anyone elses B. anyone else C. anyones else D. everyone else10. What happened yesterday?I dont think _ happened. A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something11. He cares so little about his meals that _ will do so long as it fills his stomach.A everything B something C anything D nothing12. 【xx 重庆】Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly _ left in the house. A. anythingB. everythingC. nothing D. something13. _ of us can do everything, but all of us can do_.A. None; somethingB. Some; everythingC. Few; somethingD. Few; nothing14. 【xx安徽】I dont think weve met before. Youre taking me for _.A. some otherB. someone elseC. other personD. one other15. _ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.A. Someone B. Anyone C. Everyone D. No one考点2. everyone 与every oneeveryone是一个词，只用来指人，等于 everybody，在它后面不能跟介词of； every one是两个词，既可用来指人，也可用来指物，等于each one，后面可跟介词of。请看以下例句： Everyone of the children likes this game.（误） 每个孩子都喜欢这个游戏。 Every one of the children likes this game.（正） 链接: everyday日常的，every day每天He recites everyday English every day.他每天背日常英语。16. _ likes being praised. _ of them especially likes being praised.A. Everyone; Every oneB. Every one; EveryoneC. Everyone; EveryoneD. Every one; Every one考点3. none, no one, nobody的区别 no one，nobody只指人，nothing 指没有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。 用作主语时，no one, nobody后的谓语动词一般用单数, 按传统语法，两者之后均不能接 of 短语。none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。None后可跟of短语。如：No one （Nobody） knows. 谁也不知道。No one （Nobody） likes it. 没人喜欢它。None of the money has been found.那些钱都没被找到。None of the trees grow/grows well.那些树长得都不好。 none 往往暗示有一定的范围（这种范围通常就表现在其后的 of 短语上），着眼于数量概念，“特指的人或物一个也没有，一点儿也没有”。而 no one 或 nobody 则不暗示这种范围，即指“谁都没有。”体会下面的两组对话：A：Did any of your friends e to see you? 你的朋友当中有谁来看过你吗?B：None. 一个也没来。A：Did anyone e to see you? 有人来看过你吗?B：No one (Nobody). 谁也没来。 在回答 how many 或 how much 的提问时，通常用 none，而在回答 who 的提问时，通常用 no one 或 nobody。体会：A：How many English books have you read? 你读 过多少本英文书?B：None. 一本也没读。A：How much money did you give her? 你给了她 多少钱?B：None. 一分也没给。A：Who went to see the film? 谁去看电影了?B：No one (Nobody). 谁也没去。17. How many elephants did you see?_. A. NoneB. No oneC. NothingD. Not many18. Who was in the building when the fire broke out?_.A. NoneB. No oneC. Not any one D. Not anybody19. 【xx浙江】Id like some more cheese.Sorry, theres _ left.A. someB. noneC. a littleD. few20. 【xx上海】Wow! Youve got so many clothes.But _ of them are in fashion now.A. allB. bothC. neitherD. none21. 【xx江西】My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.A. nothingB. noneC. no oneD. neither22. 【xx陕西】Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.A. someB. neitherC. none D. all考点4. something, somebody, nobody的特殊用法 something意为“重要的人物”, 相当于 somebody。 She thinks shes something since she won the beauty contest. 选美比赛得了奖，她就自以为了不起了。 链接：He thinks he is somebody but he is nobody.他自以为了不起，实际他一文不名。 something还可表示“重要的事物”。 These paintings were really something. 这些画确实出色。I think you may have something there. 我认为(答疑qq 329950885)在那方面你可能是有道理的。 something of a（an）+n.表示“可以说是一个”的意思。Dr. James is a scholar and something of a philosopher. 詹姆斯博士是个学者，也可以说是个不错的哲 学家。联系: He isnt much of a cook.23. 【2011四川】There is _ in his words. We should have a try.A. somethingB. anythingC. nothingD. everything考点5. everybody /something等人称代词替代问题anyone/ anybody /somebody /everybody 指个体时，谓语动词用单数： Has anyone a dictionary he can lend me? Everyone in our class goes in for sports. 指“全部、无一例外”时，anyone/anybody在附加问句中，则其主语用复数代词表示此意：Anybody can enter for the race, cant they?Everyone in our class goes in for sports, dont they? 在口语中，特别是对话中，为避免明确指出所指对象的性别。Everybody was wearing their shorts.I told everyone to run as fast as they can.something, everything 谓语动词用单数 （包括在反意问句的陈述和疑问部分中）：Everything has gone wrong today, hasnt it ? 第5讲 反身代词反身代词指：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。表示单数的反身代词以self结尾；表示复数的反身代词以selves结尾；第一人称和第二人称前面用的是物主代词；第三人称前面用的是代词宾格。反身代词有两种用法：反射，强调精品-高中英语语法通霸-2.代词用法常考点分类专项总结归纳讲解与高考真题分类练习题及答案.docI. 反射反身代词指代主语，与指代的名词或代词形成互指关系。反身代词和人称代词作宾语时具有不同的含义。如：He saw himself in the mirror.他在镜子里看见了他自己。（himself ,he 为同一人）He saw him in the mirror.他在镜子里看见了他。（him 显然指另外一人）因此当宾语和主语指代同一人时，要用反身代词，不能用人称代词。I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。She seated herself by the window.她拣了窗边的一个座位坐下来。I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。She was beside herself with grief.她悲伤过度，精神失常了。Behave yourselves, children.孩子们，规矩点。The girl fell off her bike and hurt herself.女孩从自行车上摔下来，受了伤。改错：He had a deep voice, which set himself from others in our small town. 【xx新课标】答案：himself改为himII. 强调：常作同位语I myself heard him say so yesterday.我昨天亲自听他这么说的。She did it herself. （=She herself did it. ）她自己做的。The story itself is not interesting.故事本身并不令人感到有趣。练习1. 【xx上海】If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on _.A. themselvesB. themC. usD. ourselves2. 【xx福建】Who called me this morning when I was not in?A man calling _ Robert. A. hisB. himselfC. hisD. /3. 【xx上海春】Treat _ to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day. A. oneB. oneselfC. youD. yourself4. 【xx江西】Isnt it amazing how the human body heals _ after an injury?A. himselfB. himC. itselfD. it5. 【xx湖南】 Our neighbors gave _ a baby bird yesterday that hurt _ when it fell from its nest. A. us; itB. us; itselfC. ourselves; itselfD. ourselves; it6. 【2011安徽】Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _ almost an overcoat for her.A. themB. herC. itselfD. herself 7. 【xx上海】Those who smoke heavily should remind _ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.A. theirsB. themC. themselvesD. onese